2 designing a sampling sampaign_hue

8/9/2019 2 Designing a Sampling Sampaign_Hue

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Hue University, January 2009

DESIGNING A SAMPLINGCAMPAIGN


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Hue University, January 2009Hue University, January 2009

Question 1: Why?

Proximal goal

First thing to know:

what is the aim of my study?

what is the research question I want to tackle?

Is this aim fundamentally:

Taxonomic: which species?

Biodiversity(alpha, bta, gamma): how many,how distributed in space and time?

Ecologic: relations between species and betweenspecies and the environment?


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Question 2: What for?

Ultimate goal

Specifying the aims:

Concrete formulation of research question Anticipate plan B : what if?

Determine stampling strategy andmeasurement of environmental variables;

Preview statistical techniques;


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Case study

We go for:

1) freshwater ecosystem

2) taxonomy in support of biodiversity

3) test organism: zooplankton


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The issue of scale


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Freshwater ecosystem

Spatial scale

Isolated versus interconnectedsystem

Lentic / lotic intermittend system

Single (populations) versus multiple

water bodies (metapopulation

structure)

(micro)habitat: Pelagic vs littoral vs

benthonic vs interstitial

Vertical stratification, horizontal

distribution, patchiness, randomvariation


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Temporal scale

Age (individual habitat/ system of habitats)

Seasonal vs succession: Succession system (e.g., oxbow lakes)

Permanent versus temporary

Isolated - interconnected water body/ies (floodplain),incl. distances

Erratic events (draught, flood, wind)

Lentic / lotic intermittend system

Diurnal variation


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And, finally:

Gradient versus random variation

On spatial and temporal scale

=> Different analytical / statistical methods


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Taxonomy in support of

biodiversity

Taxonomy: identification of diversity at

multiple levels:

Genetic (intrapopulational or intraspecific) Species-level

Phylogenetic


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Taxonomy in support of

biodiversity

. For Biodiversity:

Alpha: number and relative abundance of elements

Bta: species succession in space and time Gamma: integration of species diversity over scales

Genetic, species-level or ecosystem level?

Ecosystem services Conservation: keystone, flagship species?

Alien species?


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Zooplankton

Sampling protocols and techniques

Plankton

Semiquantitative at best

Plankton net

Quantitative:

Schindler-patalas trap Plankton bottle


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Zooplankton


Bent

hos

Semiquantitative at best:

Benthos net

Quantitative:

PVC tube Benthos grabber:

Eckman grab, Van Veen grab


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Zooplankton


Littoral/Periphyton

Semiquantitative at best: Littoral sampling net Syringes Collection of aquatic macrophytes

Quantitative: Periphyton: artificial substrata


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Zooplankton


Interstitial fauna (psammon)

Semiquantitative at best: Filtering interstitial waterQuantitative: Collection of known volume of sand


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Zooplankton


Hatching experiments:

controlled or uncontrolled


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Zooplankton


Random sampling

orSeries (gradient) sampling:

Vertical, horizontal, succession, ecological,

Sampling must be species-blind


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Zooplankton

Further things to consider

Mesh width: 250m for large crustaceans (Anostraca,FW shrimp), 100m for crustacean zooplankton(Copepoda, Ostracoda,Cladocera), 50m for Rotifera,

20m for phytoplankton Sample volume depends on trophic state ofsystem

better many, small samples than few, large ones


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Zooplankton

Further things to consider

Sample handling:

live samples: cold transport, removal of predators fixation of samples using: (neutralized) formalin: final concentration ~ 4% lugol, alcohol (molecular analysis): final

concentration minimum 70%

Use of anaesthetics (marcaine, novocaine derivatives)


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Case study

Research questions:

1) determining rotifer morphospecies diversity

in a terra incognito: identity and richness2) over a range of habitats

3) alternative plan: in one macrohabitat (lake)


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Case study

Sampling campaign:

1) Large number of samples from varied

(micro)habitats (lakes, rivers; plankton,benthos, littoral, psammon);

2) Series of samples in one macrohabitat;

3) Different sampling methodologies, nets

max. mesh width 50m;


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Case study

Sampling campaign:

4) Some live samples, fixation of samples using

formaldehyde and alcohol;5) Environmental measurements: standard,

incl. GIS coordinates.


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Hue University, January 2009

LETS GO FOR IT!

Thank you for your attention

2 designing a sampling sampaign_hue

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