2 global housing strategy a process leading to paradigm...

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30/10/201230/10/2012 [email protected]@unhabitat.org

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GLOBAL HOUSING STRATEGYGLOBAL HOUSING STRATEGYA A processprocess leadingleading toto paradigmparadigm changechange

Claudio Acioly Jr.Claudio Acioly Jr.

ChiefChief CapacityCapacity DevelopmentDevelopment UnitUnit

UNUN--HabitatHabitat

[email protected]@unhabitat.org

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1.1.Global Housing Strategy:Global Housing Strategy:

UNUN--Habitat has been mandated to lead the Habitat has been mandated to lead the formulation of a global housing strategy. formulation of a global housing strategy. There is a need for a paradigm change, There is a need for a paradigm change, incorporating lessons learned & the wealth of incorporating lessons learned & the wealth of experience at countryexperience at country--levellevel

30/10/2012 [email protected]

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HABITAT 2 ConferenceIstambul

HABITAT 3 Conference

UNCED Rio 92

HABITAT 1 conferenceVancouver

Rio+20 Conference

Istambul+5 ConferenceNew York

The Urban Agenda Timeline

1976

1992

1996

2001

2012

2016

MilleniumSummitMDG

MDG’s

Post MDG’s

Global Strategy for Shelter to the Year 2000

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55

The The HABITAT HABITAT AgendaAgenda

Habitat I, Habitat I, VancouverVancouver

International International Year of the Year of the HomelessHomeless

Habitat II, Habitat II, IstanbulIstanbul

Recognition Recognition of Slumsof Slums

SelfSelf--help help HousingHousing

Housing & Housing & Shelter in Shelter in the the International International AgendaAgenda

Shelter for Shelter for All All advocacyadvocacy

Right to Right to Adequate Adequate HousingHousing

Partnership Partnership & Urban & Urban ManagemeManagementnt

Millennium Millennium SummitSummit

Slum and Slum and Poverty on Poverty on the the International International AgendaAgenda

19761976Year Year

Event Event

Key Key Issue Issue

19871987 19961996 20002000

Global Global Shelter Shelter Strategy for Strategy for the Year the Year 2000 2000 -- GSSGSS

The MDG 7 The MDG 7 Target 11 Target 11

Intern. Intern. AgendaAgenda

Founding Founding of UNCHSof UNCHS

Enabling Strategies

LA21 Sustainable Urban Development

20162016

Habitat III Habitat III ConferenceConference

Vancouver Vancouver Plan of Plan of ActionAction

Land value Land value capturecapture

Cities & Climate Cities & Climate ChangeChange

??

??

Rio+20


66

The The HABITAT HABITAT AgendaAgenda

Habitat I, Habitat I, VancouverVancouver

To Housing without HOUSES

From Housing with HOUSES

International International Year of the Year of the HomelessHomeless

Habitat II, Habitat II, IstanbulIstanbul

Recognition Recognition of Slumsof Slums

SelfSelf--help help HousingHousing

Housing & Housing & Shelter in Shelter in the the International International AgendaAgenda

Shelter for Shelter for All All advocacyadvocacy

Right to Right to Adequate Adequate HousingHousing

Millennium Millennium SummitSummit

Slum and Slum and Poverty on Poverty on the the International International AgendaAgenda

19761976Year Year

Event Event

Key Key Issue Issue

19871987 19961996 20002000

Global Global Shelter Shelter Strategy for Strategy for the Year the Year 2000 2000 -- GSSGSS

The MDG 7 The MDG 7 Target 11 Target 11

Intern. Intern. AgendaAgenda

20252025

??

??

??

??

??

UNCHSUNCHS

Enabling HOUSING StrategiesFrom Government

SupplyTo Market

Supply

Rio 92 Conference Sustainable Urban Development

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30/10/2012 [email protected] 7

ChangeChange in in ParadigmParadigm

Housing PolicyImplementationHousing Policy

Implementation

Housing Theory&

Practice

Housing Theory&

Practice

• Housing reforms: scale, variety, tenureoptions, affordability, standards

• Roles of Governments

• Stakeholders participation

• Modes of Housing Finance

•• Land Land supplysupply & Land & Land DeliveryDelivery SystemsSystems

• Building codes & processes: incrementalism

•• GreenGreen buildingbuilding processprocess & & sustainabilitysustainability

• Typologies e.g single, multi-family, densities

• Policy options e.g. rental, cooperatives

• Maintenance & management of existingstock

• Incentives to suppliers, producers, consumers

• Change in technology, design, use…


Housing Problem manifests itself in different ways. Housing Problem manifests itself in different ways. Policy responses give clues what works and what doesnPolicy responses give clues what works and what doesn’’t.t.

IMPLICATIONS FOR AFRICA.IMPLICATIONS FOR AFRICA.

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32.734.335.7

39.3

42.846.1

0

300,000

600,000

900,000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2010

Po

pu

lati

on

in s

lum

s (m

illio

ns)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f u

rban

po

pu

lati

on

in s

lum

s (P

erce

nta

ge)

Population in slums

Percentage of urban populationliving in slums

Population Living in Slums & Proportion Living in Slums, Developing Regions 1990-2010

Source: SWCR 2010-2011, UN-HABITAT.


In some regions: In some regions: urbanisationurbanisation is a is a synonym of slum formationsynonym of slum formation

2.72.9Western Asia

2.22.9Southern Asia

4.54.6Sub-Saharan Africa

Urban Urban GrowthGrowth

Slum Slum formationformation

Source: UN-HABITAT, 2008

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1111

22..TheThe PeoplePeople’’s Housing s Housing Process:Process:

its logic is fundamentally incremental its logic is fundamentally incremental and resourceand resource--basedbased

Source: Acioly Jr. Claudio (2010) “The Informal City and the Phenomenon of Slums: the challenges of slum upgrading and slum prevention”, in International New Town Institute (2010) New Towns for the 21st Century. The Planned vs. the Unplanned City. Amsterdam: SUN architecture, pp. 222-231.


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INFORMAL URBANIZATION

FORMALURBANIZATION

1. CADASTRE

2. LAND ALLOCATION

3. PLANNING

4. IMPLEMENTATION OF SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

5. CONSTRUCTION

6. OCCUPATION

1. OCCUPATION

2. CONSTRUCTION / consolidation

3. IMPLEMENTATION OF SERVICES AND BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE

4. PLANNING

5. REGULARISATION

6. LEGALISATION

Different Logic of City Building & Housing Different Logic of City Building & Housing DevelopmentDevelopment

Based on P. Baross, 1989;

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ResourcesResourcesLANDLAND

The process of housing The process of housing production is production is IncrementalIncremental

The consolidation of the right The consolidation of the right to land is to land is Incremental & Incremental & EvolutionaryEvolutionary

Policy to Regularisation needs to be Incremental

Policy to Policy to Regularisation needs Regularisation needs to be to be IncrementalIncremental

Figure: Varella, Bertazzo and Jacques (2002).

Ocuppy, build, hold your ground

Tolerance:continue x stop!

Negociate, investment, services & land consolidation

Tolerance: resources to change from provisory to permanent

More resources & expansion

Consolidation & security of tenure: regularisation?

TimeTime

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Source:John Hopkins, “SOCIAL HOUSING IN SOUTH AFRICA”, Southern African Housing Foundation


1616Lima, Peru

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1717Lima, Peru


1818

10


1919


2020

11


2121

Delicias de Villa


2222

ResourcesResourcesSecuritySecurityof Tenureof Tenure

Housing production Housing production process is bound to needs process is bound to needs & it is incremental& it is incremental

Process of transformation Process of transformation is continuous & follows its is continuous & follows its own norms & standardsown norms & standards

Enabling Housing Policy can bring this

to scale

Enabling Housing Enabling Housing Policy can bring this Policy can bring this

to scaleto scale

Public Housing

First Step Transformation

2nd Step Expansion conditioned to time & resources

More improvements as resources are made available

More resources then 3rd Step expansion

Consolidation & Final Steps in Housing Improvement

Fig

ure

: V

are

lla

, Be

rta

zzo

an

d J

acq

ue

s (2

002

).

MaterialsMaterials

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2323


13


2525


2626

14


2727


2828

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2929


3030

3.3.Planners, policy makers and Planners, policy makers and architects as enablers of architects as enablers of peoplepeople’’s housing development s housing development processes:processes:

Facilitating the incremental and evolutionary self-determined development mechanisms.

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Materials ResourcesTimeLAND &

Security of Tenure

Essential Variables Supporting People’s Process of Housing Production

Differentiated Norms & Codes

Flexible & Different Duration

Evolutionary Infrastructure

Evolutionary Housing

Flexible Finance

Micro-Financing

Guarantee Fund

Short-term & Long-term Loans

Housing Vouchers

Land Regularization

Property registration & formalisation

Provisory possession, concessions & Occupancy certificate Continuum of rights

Land sharing & land readjustment instruments

Building Materials Loans

Fiscal Incentives to Producers & Retailers

Technologies, Capacity Building of labour force, self-help housing, self-construction

Building Vouchers

Reform Building CodesPlanning & Design


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4.4.It is possible to adapt peopleIt is possible to adapt people’’s s housing process in a planned housing process in a planned environment:environment:

The professional, architect and planner as enablers of incremental development mechanisms.

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30/10/2012 [email protected] 33Fonte: Demetre Anastassakis & Claudia Souza de Mello


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