2. insulations jackets

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    CABLE 101CABLE 101The Basics of Wire &

    Cable

    Copyright 2007, Belden Inc.

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    KEY TERMSKEY TERMS

    Insulations Jacket

    Capacitance

    Attenuation

    Velocity of

    propagation Dielectric strength

    Dielectric constant

    Working voltage Elongation

    Tensile strength

    Flexibility

    Flammability

    Resistance Specific gravity

    Dielectric

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    KEY MATERIALSKEY MATERIALS

    Halogens Non-Halogens

    Thermoplastic

    Thermosetting

    PVC

    Polyethylene Polyurethane

    Polypropylene Silicone rubber

    FEP

    Tefzel

    Neoprene

    Hypalon

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    INSULATIONS &INSULATIONS &

    JACKETSJACKETS

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    INSULATIONINSULATION

    Insulation separates conductors,electrically and physically, within a

    cable.

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    ELECTRICALELECTRICAL

    CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

    Primary Insulation

    Capacitance

    Attenuation

    Velocity of propagation

    Dielectric strength

    Working voltage

    Dielectric constant

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    CAPACITANCECAPACITANCE

    A measure of the insulations ability tostore electrical energy.

    Generally, lower capacitance (pf/ft)equates to higher performance cable.

    Expressed in picofarads per foot--andcompounded linearly with length.

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    ATTENUATIONATTENUATION

    A measure of the cables loss ofelectrical energy.

    Expressed in dB/unit length and iscompounded linearly with length.

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    VELOCITYVELOCITY OFOF

    PROPOGATIONPROPOGATION

    The transmission speed of an electricalsignal through a length of cable

    compared to the speed of light in avacuum.

    Expressed as a percentage of the speedof light.

    High Velocity % = Lower losses

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    DIELECTRIC CONSTANTDIELECTRIC CONSTANT Electrical property used to determine Capacitance,

    Velocity of Propagation, Impedance and relativeperformance of the insulating material.

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    DIELECTRIC CONSTANTDIELECTRIC CONSTANT

    Symbol: Er Very important for electronic cables

    Lower Er = Lower capacitance, Higherimpedance, Lower attenuation.

    Air is best dielectric (Er = 1) Adding air to (foaming) any material

    lowers its dielectric constant.

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    DIELECTRIC STRENGTHDIELECTRIC STRENGTH

    The materials ability to withstandvoltage breakdown.

    Expressed in Volts (V) or Kilovolts(KV)

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    WORKING VOLTAGEWORKING VOLTAGE

    Maximum voltage allowable by UL tobe applied to the cable.

    Expressed as AC Volts (V) orKilovolts (KV)

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    PHYSICALPHYSICAL

    CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS

    Elongation Tensile strength

    Temperature rating Flexibility

    Flammability

    Resistance

    Specific gravity

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    ELONGATIONELONGATION

    Description of how far the materialwill stretch before breaking.

    Expressed as a percentage (%) Ultimate elongation = breaking point

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    TENSILE STRENGTHTENSILE STRENGTH

    Description of how much force it takesto break the insulation or jacket

    material. Expressed in pounds per square inch

    (PSI) Ultimate tensile strength = breaking

    point

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    TEMPERATURE RATINGTEMPERATURE RATING

    The range of temperatures at which thematerial can be used without

    degradation. Expressed in degrees (C).

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    FLAMMABILITYFLAMMABILITY

    Ability of a cable to burn. Construction dependent.

    Industry standards apply.

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    WEATHERABILITY

    Materials ability to withstandabrasion, chemicals, water and weather

    See Technical Section in MasterCatalog

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    SPECIFIC GRAVITYSPECIFIC GRAVITY

    The weight of material compared towater

    Indicates density of materials used

    FORMS OFFORMS OF

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    FORMS OFFORMS OF

    INSULATIONSINSULATIONS Solid

    Foam (cellular)

    Semi-Solid (air gap)

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    SOLID DIELECTRICSOLID DIELECTRIC Easiest to apply

    Most common

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    FOAMED DIELECTRICFOAMED DIELECTRIC Does not apply to

    jackets

    Nominally 50% voids

    Velocity ofPropagation 70-84%

    Dielectric constant

    1.64

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    SEMISEMI--SOLID DIELECTRICSOLID DIELECTRIC Does not apply to

    jackets

    Lowest dielectric

    constant 1.4 Mostly air

    Used on RG-8 coax,

    RG62 type coax

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    PROPERTIESPROPERTIES Voltage resistant

    Quiet

    Oil resistant

    Low loss

    Low gloss

    Low Temperature Flame resistant

    U. V. stable

    High temperature

    Bright colors

    Critter proof

    Low signal emission

    Abrasion resistance

    Burial cable Glow in the dark

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    HALOGENS VS NONHALOGENS VS NON

    HALOGENSHALOGENS

    HALOGENS

    Efficient

    Good electricals Good dielectric

    Good physicals

    Easy to compound Processable

    NON-HALOGENS

    Inefficient

    Poor electricals Poor dielectric

    BIG effect on physicals

    Low smoke No acid

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    THERMOPLASTICTHERMOPLASTIC

    Thermo = Heat Plastic = Formable

    Thermoplastic materials will meltwhen hot enough

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    THERMOPLASTICTHERMOPLASTIC

    Lower in cost Lighter weight

    Easier to color Better electrically

    Most popular

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    THERMOPLASTICTHERMOPLASTIC PVC

    Polyethylene

    Polypropylene

    Polyurethane

    PVDF

    Halar

    Tefzel

    FEP

    TFE

    PVC

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    PVCPVC

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    POLYETHYLENEPOLYETHYLENE

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    POLYPROPYLENEPOLYPROPYLENE

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    FEPFEP

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    POLYURETHANEPOLYURETHANE

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    TEFZELTEFZEL

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    THERMOSETTHERMOSET

    Thermo = Heat Set = fixed

    Thermoset materials do not melt whenheated

    Once cured cannot be recycled likethermoplastics

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    THERMOSETTHERMOSET

    More flexible ( at room and lowertemperatures)

    Limp and lay flat

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    THERMOSETTHERMOSET

    Natural rubber SBR

    Neoprene Hypalon

    EPDM Silicone rubber

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    SILICONE RUBBERSILICONE RUBBER

    O NEOPRENE

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    NEOPRENENEOPRENE

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    HYPALONHYPALON