2nd part

New Zealand1200 miles SE of AustraliaSmaller land area than AustraliaTwo main islands N & S islandTwo separate colliding tectonic plates more

mountainous than Australia

New Zealand LandscapesLong, narrow country with varied landscape

210 miles, 1000 feet longN. and S. Islands make up 98% of country’s

areaIslands separated by Cook’s Strait

North IslandVolcanic Highlands

in center of island.East of highlands

High plateau meets Pacific Ocean.

Rich green rolling hills and grazing lands.

South IslandHigh Mountains

Southern Alps (center), very ruggedMany Glaciers, Lakes, ForestsFjords cut into SW coast

Coastal plains either sides of highlandsThrough East central coastal areaCanterbury Plain – Low land largest area of flat

land; (chief farming area)

Climate: New ZealandMiddle latitude - marineSouthern latitudes lead to slower evaporation

– results in fog and many cloudy days

New Zealand Culture & EconomyEconomic patterns

50% of New Zealand is pastureAgricultural economy based on livestock

70 million sheep (out number people 26 to 1) 8 million cattle

One of the worlds largest producers of wool3% of land supports crops

New Zealand’s Agg CropsFound on South Island on Canterbury

Plain – ½ of country’s farmlandGrain crops: Wheat, corn, barleyFruit: 68% of world’s supply of Kiwi fruitRest of land is fodder crops – raised to feed

cattle

Mineral and Energy Resources

Chief energy base is Hydroelectric power – central highlands N & S islands

EconomyChanging to encourage more manufacturing

& IndustryAuckland manufacturing center

Cultural PatternsEnjoy high standard of living

98% literacy87% New Zealanders

European (many from Scotland)81% Christian – English speaking

New Zealand’s non-European minoritiesMaori (area’s first settlers)

Population DistributionNorth Island

72% of populationLive and work in Auckland (900,000) &

Wellington (360,000) Total 3.3 million

South IslandRural with 28% of population Largest City Christchurch

New Zealand’s HistoryEarly history is a mystery750 CA – Maori arrived????

Used islands for hunting and fishing first permanent settlers 1300 CA North Island

First Europeans to see New Zealand 1642 Dutch sailors stopped by Maori

warriorsDutch named Nieuew Zeeland for province

in Netherlands

New Zealand Up to TodayJames Cook – British expeditionNegotiated land rights with Maori

*Treaty of Waitangi (1840)Gave Maori land rights in exchange for

accepting British rule over the islandsMade New Zealand colonyRare example of world power to negotiated

with original settlers

Since 1907, New Zealand gained independence in British Commonwealth – many Maori became active leaders

Stable government and economy

Antarctica PrecipitationAntarctica is on of the world’s driest

deserts, Receives less than two inches of

precipitation per year at the South Pole. Almost no snow falls in the interior of

Antarctica. The coasts Receive more, and as much

as 30 Inches of precipitation (Both snow and rain) sometimes falls on the Antarctic Peninsula

Antarctic (Did you know?)Antarctica, the world’s 5th largest continent, lies at the southernmost end of Earth. The south pole is at the center

Antarctica has no permanent populationVast areas of the continent have yet to

be exploredThe land area of Antarctica is covered

by a huge ice cap that extends into the surrounding ocean as ice shelves

The seas around Antarctica are colder and less salty

More about AntarcticaAntarctica’s climate is the world’s coldestExperts think that large deposits of coal, iron,

copper, and other minerals may lie beneath the Antarctic ice cap.

New technologies will have to be developed to mine or drill for minerals in Antarctica

Wild life of AntarcticaMost of the plant and animal life in

Antarctica are found near the coasts.

Antarctica ExplorationTeams of explorers first arrived in Antarctica

in the early 1900s.Roald Amundsen, a Norwegian explorer, was

the first to reach the South Pole.The 1st permanent Antarctic base was set up

by an American, Commander Richard E. Byrd

Controlling AntarcticaUnder the Antarctic Treaty of 1959

12 nations agreed not to claim territoryNo military use is allowedRenewed in the 1990s

The only people living in Antarctica are scientists in research stations scattered around the continent

Science of AntarcticaScientists are studying the ice and protein

resources of Antarctica in hopes they might someday help solve problems of irrigation and food production

Some Scientists fear that too much research and development in Antarctica could harm its fragile environment