2 october 2012 osf strategy meeting: combating and preventing corruption in medicine procurement -...
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2 October 2012
OSF strategy meeting: Combating and Preventing Corruption in Medicine Procurement -What can Civil Society Do?
Tackling Corruption in Defence
The TI Defence and Security Programme
Anne-Christine Wegener
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How big a problem?
Characteristics of corruption in defence
Corruption risks: •Huge contracts•Secrecy•Technical areas: agents, offsets
Corruption risks: •Huge contracts•Secrecy•Technical areas: agents, offsets
• Close relation between governments and industry• A few companies from 10 countries make 90% of
international arms sales• USD 500 billion defence revenue annually• Few exporting countries, many importing countries• Political involvement is extensive
• Close relation between governments and industry• A few companies from 10 countries make 90% of
international arms sales• USD 500 billion defence revenue annually• Few exporting countries, many importing countries• Political involvement is extensive
Situation in 2004•Defence corruption not on the agenda of companies and governments•No scrutiny bodies•Little NGO engagement
Situation in 2004•Defence corruption not on the agenda of companies and governments•No scrutiny bodies•Little NGO engagement
TI-DSP Approach
Inside: •Facilitate leadership discussion•Reframe the problem•Analysis/action plan•Training
• Collaborate on research• Build and share expertise• Build confidence that defence
corruption can be tackled
• Direct engagement• Measure performance (Index)• Establish global forum for a-c standards• Research, publicise high risk areas
Outside:• Research• External oversight• Work with IGOs (NATO, UN)• Public Surveys
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POLITICAL
Contracts
Secret budgets
Collusive bidders
Technical requirements / specifications
Single sourcing
Offsets
Disregard of corruption in country
Agents/brokers
Financing packages
PROCUREMENT
Values & Standards
Salary chain
Payroll, promotions, appointments, rewards
Conscription
PERSONNEL
OPERATIONS
Seller influence
Contract award, delivery
Asset disposals
Military-owned businesses
Illegal private enterprises Private Security Companies
Corruption within mission
Subcontractors
Leadership Behaviour
Small Bribes
FINANCE
Defence & security policy
Control of intelligence services
Export controls
Organised crime
Nexus of defence & national assets
Defence budgets
Mapping the risks
Breaking the corruption risks into smaller, more concrete areas has helped us explain the issue and build confidence that it can be tackled, as well as demonstrating expertise
Breaking the corruption risks into smaller, more concrete areas has helped us explain the issue and build confidence that it can be tackled, as well as demonstrating expertise
Building integrity - training
Leadership day in Kabul, Nov 2009
A training course helps build up knowledge and momentum for tackling corruption. It is seen as a constructive tool even for less reform-minded governments
A training course helps build up knowledge and momentum for tackling corruption. It is seen as a constructive tool even for less reform-minded governments
Leadership days bring the top management of a ministry of defence and/or the armed forces together to discuss what defence corruption is and how to build integrity
Leadership days bring the top management of a ministry of defence and/or the armed forces together to discuss what defence corruption is and how to build integrity
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Research
Research, especially when done collaboratively with others or involving the industry or government brings in-depth knowledge and enables us to constructively engage with governments; often done with research interns or externals;
Research, especially when done collaboratively with others or involving the industry or government brings in-depth knowledge and enables us to constructively engage with governments; often done with research interns or externals;
Measuring defence corruption – example: Government Index
What is our Government Index?
•A global Index to measure levels of corruption risk in national defence and security establishments worldwide (note: we have a sister index for companies, too) •Comparison between 83 countries•A means to monitor the success of anti-corruption mechanisms over time
Creating a tool to measure corruption enables comparison over time and give feedback to governments who want to know how they perform. It also serves as an advocacy tool for civil society organisations pushing for change. We have done one each for the supply and demand side
Civil society having an impact
Our overall “philosophy”
1.Engage directly
2.Have deep expertise in the team, e.g. part-time senior people
3.Develop practical tools
4.Constructive and critical is effective
Mediahelps carrying our message to the public and policymakers
Thank you
Twitter: @TidefenceteamFacebook: TI Defence
www.ti-defence.org