2 shakespeare biography
TRANSCRIPT
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“All the world 's a stage, / And all the men and women merely players.
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Born 1564—died 1616Stratford-upon-AvonParents: John and Mary Arden
Shakespeare• Mary—daughter of wealthy
landowner• John—glovemaker, local politician
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From: http://www.where-can-i-find.com/tourist-maps.html
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As reproduced in William Rolfe, Shakespeare the Boy (1896).
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From Stratford’s web site: http://www.stratford-upon-avon.co.uk/index.htm
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
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• Probably attended King’s New School in Stratford
• Educated in:• Rhetoric• Logic• History• Latin
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
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• Married in 1582 to Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant at the time with their first daughter
• Had twins in 1585• Sometime between 1585-1592, he moved
to London and began working in theatre.
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
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• Member and later part-owner of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, later called the King’s Men
• Globe Theater built in 1599 by L.C.M. with Shakespeare as primary investor
• Burned down in 1613 during one of Shakespeare’s plays
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• The Globe Theatre:
• Open ceiling
• Three stories high
• No artificial lighting• Plays were shown
during daylight hours only
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Wealthy people got to sit on benches
The poor (called “groundlings”) had to stand and watch from the courtyard
There was much more audience participation than today
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Only men and boys Young boys whose
voices had not changed played the women’s roles
It would have been indecent for a woman to appear on stage
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38 plays firmly attributed to Shakespeare▪ 14 comedies▪ 10 histories▪ 10 tragedies▪ 4 romances
Possibly wrote three others Collaborated on several others
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• 154 Sonnets• Numerous other poems
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• Shakespeare did NOT write in “Old English.”
• Old English is the language of Beowulf:Hwaet! We Gardena in geardagum Þeodcyninga Þrym gefrunonHu ða æÞelingas ellen fremedon!
(Hey! We have heard of the glory of the Spear-Danes in the old days, the kings of tribes, how noble princes showed great courage!)
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• Shakespeare did not write in “Middle English.”
• Middle English is the language of Chaucer, the Gawain-poet, and Malory:
We redeth oft and findeth y-write—And this clerkes wele it wite—Layes that ben in harpingBen y-founde of ferli thing… (Sir Orfeo)
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• Shakespeare wrote in “Early Modern English.”• EME was not very different from “Modern English,”
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• A mix of old and very new• Rural and urban words/images• Understandable by the lowest peasant and the highest noble
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Elizabethan Theatrical
Conventions
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A theatrical convention is a suspension of reality.
No electricity
Women forbidden
to act on stage
Minimal, contemporary
costumes
Minimal scenery
These control the dialogue.
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Audience loves to be scared.
Soliloquy
Aside Types of speech
Blood
Use of supernatural
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Antony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Hamlet Julius Caesar King Lear Macbeth Othello Romeo and Juliet Timon of Athens Titus Andronicus
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Use of disguises/
mistaken identity
Multiple marriages
(in comedies)
Multiple murders
(in tragedies)
Last speaker—highest in
rank (in tragedies)