2 skeleton in protozoa

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

“Skeleton In Protozoa”

A presentation compiled from various sources by

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA,Zoology Dept. Bhavan’s College, Andheri.


Sites from which presentations have been downloaded and later editted. I am indeed thankful to them for their kindness and support :http://esg-www.mit.edu:8001/esgbio/cb/org/organelles.htmlhttp://faculty.pnc.edu/jcamp/parasit/parasit.htmlhttp://www.amnh.org/rose/hope/creatinghope/http://www.biology.eku.edu/SCHUSTER/bio%20141/POWERPOINT%20NOTES/Intro%20to%20Protozoa_files/fullscreen.htmhttp://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~zoology/eeob405/http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/pwpt/http://www.iep.water.ca.gov/suisun/photos/wildlife.htmlhttp://www.uta.edu/biology/marshall/2343/http://www.uta.edu/biology/faculty/faculty.htmlhttp://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Zoology/PowerPoint.htmhttp://bio.fsu.edu/http://www.aw-bc.com/http://www.nhm.org/http://www.geo.cornell.edu/eas/education/course/descr/EAS302/presentations/

It is very easy to find mistakes in these presentations…..I request you to kindly rectify them and supply me the modifications needed at [email protected] a lot and have fun in teaching & learning Zoology….

http://esg-www.mit.edu:8001/esgbio/cb/org/organelles.html

http://esg-www.mit.edu:8001/esgbio/cb/org/organelles.html

http://faculty.pnc.edu/jcamp/parasit/parasit.html

http://www.amnh.org/rose/hope/creatinghope/

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~zoology/eeob405/

http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/pwpt/

http://www.iep.water.ca.gov/suisun/photos/wildlife.html

http://www.uta.edu/biology/marshall/2343/

http://www.uta.edu/biology/faculty/faculty.html

http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Zoology/PowerPoint.htm

http://bio.fsu.edu/

http://www.aw-bc.com/

http://www.nhm.org/

http://www.geo.cornell.edu/eas/education/course/descr/EAS302/presentations/

mailto:[email protected]


PHYLUM PROTOZOA(protos = first ; zoon = animal)

UnicellularNucleatedMotileHeterotrophic


SALIENT FEATURES

Habit: Solitary/Colonial;Free living/Parasitic; Commensalism/Mutualism.Habitat: Sea water, Fresh water, Moist soil & Fecal deposits.Size: Microscopic(2-3 microns)Shape: Spherical, Discoidal, Oval, Spindle shaped, Flattened or Irregular


Characteristics of Protozoa

• - Unicellular • - single cells • - some live in colonies

Types of Symmetry • - Asymmetrical • - Radial • - Spherical • - Bilateral


Protozoa: Life Styles & Locomotion• Life Styles

– Free Living – Symbiosis- Living together; some examples:

• Mutualism: (+ +) • Commensalism: (+ 0) • Parasitism: (+ -)

• Locomotion (sessile vs. free moving) – Pseudopodia (sol-gel reaction)

• Phagocytosis- feeding using pseudopods – Flagella (single or paired usually) – Cilia (many with peristaltic

movement)


Protozoa Organelles

• Organelles – Nucleus: reproduction – cell membrane: respiration – contractile vacuole: water balance and

excretion (osmoregulation) • Osmosis vs. Diffusion• Semipermeable Membrane• Hyperosmotic vs. Hypoosmotic

– food vacuole: digestion – myofibrils: movement– neurofibrils: irritability


Nutrition in Protozoa

• Feeding– Autotrophs- self feeding, plants–– Heterotrophs- eat others, animals–– Holozoic- eat pieces of food–– Saprozoic- eat at the molecular level


Reproduction in Protozoa• Reproduction

– Sexual: meiosis- reduction division – diploid to haploid

• Gametes: eggs and sperm • in protozoans it is called conjugation

• Asexual (vegetative): • mitosis- duplication division

• diploid to diploid

– types include: • binary fission: transverse or longitudinal

• multiple fission


KINGDOM PROTISTA


SKELETON

• Hard, Rigid or Flexible body covering.• It consists of organic matter like gelatin,

tectin/pseudotectin, cellulose/calcium carbonate/silica/sand particles/shell pieces & spicules etc.

• It can be gelatinous, chitinous, calcareous or siliceous.

• It is divided into i)Theca ii)Lorica iii)Shell(test).


TYPES OF SKELETON1] THECA

Eg: Dinoflagellates such as Ceratium, Peridinium etc.

2] LORICAEg: Klebsiella, Cladomonas, Dinobryon, Poteriodendron, Cothurina etc.

3] SHELLEg:Arcella, Difflugia, Elphidium etc.


Amoeba under microscope


Phagocytosis in Amoeba


Paramoecium


Paramoecium : Digestion


Kinety


Euglena


Acanthometra Actinopod


Actinophrys


Actinopoda


Actinosphaerium


Arcella


Companulata


Ceratium


Section thro Pellicle of Dinoflagellate


Choanoflagellate


Ciliary Beating


Difflugia


Dinobryon


Elphidium


Epheolotes


Noctiluca


Foraminiferan Shells


Gonyaulax : Red Tide


Globigerina


Heliozoan


Nodosaria


Plasmodium sketch


Plasmodium in RBC


Radiolarian


Radiolarian Shells


Rhizopod Filopodia


Spiroloculina


Stentor


Textularia


Trichonympha


Trypanosoma


Trichomonas vaginalis


Volvox


Vorticella


Significance of Protozoan Skeleton

• Study helps in detecting presence of petroleum oil in sea beds.

• Skeletons of foraminiferans useful in checking logs during drilling of oil wells.

• Help in Geological Time Scale.