2- the stamp-collection plotting approach what monitoring data do we actually have nils reich(1)

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME

The stamp-collection plotting approach: What monitoring data do we

actually have?

Nils Reich

Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany

www.ise.fraunhofer.de



Outline

Introduction

Stamps & a simple PV stamp-collection

Collaborative effort within Task 13

Examples of more complex plotting

Conclusions



Introduction: What is monitored?

PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter Grid GI

VDC IDC PDC

VAC IAC PAC

yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

slide stolen from Achim Woyte, next talk, but slightly adapted



Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter Grid GI

VDC IDC PDC

VAC IAC PAC

yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

slide stolen from Achim Woyte, next talk




PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter GI

VDC IDC PDC

VAC IAC PAC

yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

slide stolen from Achim Woyte, but added some entropy




PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter GI

VDC IDC PDC

VAC IAC PAC

yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

Adding more entropy in the next slides!




PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter G

VDC IDC PDC

VAC IAC PAC

yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

Pyranometer

- global horizontal

- plane-of-array

- diffuse fraction (shading ring)

Reference Cells in POA

POA in tracked systems

Sun-Tracking sensors

- diffuse (shading ball)

- direct beam

Meteo data

Irradiance

precipitation, humidity




PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter G

VDC,array IDC,array PDC,array

VAC,array IAC,array PAC,array

yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

Pyranometer

- global horizontal

- plane-of-array



Actual system data Irradiance

Meteo data





PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter G



yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

Pyranometer

- global horizontal

- plane-of-array




Meteo data


System specs

Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation




PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter G



yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

Pyranometer

- global horizontal

- plane-of-array




Meteo data


PV total Utility meter

VDC,system IDC,system PDC,system

PAC,array

System specs





PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter G



yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

Pyranometer

- global horizontal

- plane-of-array




Meteo data




PAC,array

System specs


Calculated quantities




PR_array IC

Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter G



yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

Pyranometer

- global horizontal

- plane-of-array




Meteo data




PAC,array

System specs



often only for sub-systems

PR




PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter G



yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

Pyranometer

- global horizontal

- plane-of-array




Meteo data




PAC,array

System specs




and how is it

monitored?

Data from inverters?

Data from supposedly better

quality monitoring?

Data from high-quality

monitoring?



Collecting data looked quite challenging especially with so many participating Task 13 members from all over the world

PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter G



yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

Pyranometer

- global horizontal

- plane-of-array




Meteo data




PAC,array

System specs




and how is it

monitored?


Data from better

quality monitoring?

Data from high-

quality monitoring?



To master this challenge in Task 13: Stamps!

PR

IC Array capture

losses

IS System losses

PV array Inverter G



yr Reference yield

yA Array yield

yf System yield

Tamb , T mod , SW

Pyranometer

- global horizontal

- plane-of-array




Meteo data


PV total Utility device


PAC,array

System specs




for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant and how is it

monitored?


Data from better

quality monitoring?

Data from high-

quality monitoring?



Stamp-collection of PV monitoring data



PV-stamp-collection One week of data over time



PV-stamp-collection One week of data over time

Gpoa Tamb Tmod Vdc Idc Pac PR



PV-stamp-collection

G Tamb Tmod Vdc Idc Pdc PR



PV-stamp-collection

Relations of quantities during this week



PV-stamp-collection

Relations during one year



Detailing a few of these relations



DC power over irradiance intensity



DC power over irradiance intensity G

?-)




G sensor failure




G sensor failure

?




G sensor failure




G sensor failure

Entire ourtage



DC & AC Power over GPOA

PDC PAC Quite some

scattering

can be observed



DC to AC ratio



As a function of GPOA

DC-PR Inverter efficiency



DC-PR as a function of Tmod



DC-PR as a function of Tmod

Irradiance intensity effects

Temperature

related



Outline

Introduction




Conclusions



We collected many collections



We collected many collections

in master/slave mode



The Task 13 members collected many collections



The Task 13 members collected many collections

This is 18 collections with 35 plots each



And had fruitful discussions



Outline

Introduction




Conclusions



Carpet-plots Example of color coded Gpoa D

ay o

f yea

r

Hour of day 6 24 12 18

Information is densified

Colour encoding showing 3rd

quantity

(3d plot in 2d)



Carpet-plots D

ay o

f yea

r

Hour of day 6 24 12 18

Information is densified

Colour encoding showing 3rd

quantity

(3d plot in 2d)



Time-stamps imply sun-position is known

PR color encoded

(red=high, blue = low)



Time-stamps imply sun-position is known

PR PR_dc

inverter



Monitoring shading loss by profile angle

Projection of sun elevation (yellow)

onto a vertical plane

orthogonal to the azimuth

of the module rows (red)



Monitoring shading loss by profile angle



kWh production normalized to RGB

Plots created by Stefan Mau (GHGL)

DC Voltage

DC

Pow

er



Tracking failures? (astronomical) T

rack

er a

zim

uth

Solar azimuth

Plots created by Anton Driese (Fhg ISE)



Different tracking mechanisms

Plots created by Anton Driese (Fhg ISE)

Astronomical based on sky radiance distributions



Outline

Introduction




Conclusions



Summary and conclusions

The stamp-plot approach proved very helpful

Enabled collection of data from many contributors

Fostered discussions, eased exchange of expertise

Also special phenomena can be covered

The stamps have the risk to be confusing, too

The diversity can lead to confusion

The sheer amount of plots can also be an obstacle

We sensed the need to focus & develop user guidelines



A big Thank You! to all contributors

and you for your kind attention



Still enough time????



Monitoring inverter power limitation

2- the stamp-collection plotting approach what monitoring data do we actually have nils reich(1)

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