2 waste management threats and opportunities

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Country Report: Plastics Industry in India- Issues and Challenges 23 RD ANNUAL GLOBAL MEETING ON PLASTICS & SUSTAINABILITY A presentation by… ARVIND M MEHTA Chairman Plastivision India Advisory Board. AIPMA Executive Director Council of International Plastics Association Directors (CIPAD) Past President: Plastindia Foundation Past President: AIPMA Threats and Challenges for the Plastics Industry : An Indian Perspective WASTE MANAGEMENT: THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES Miami, USA. 4-5 December 2012

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Page 1: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

Country Report: Plastics Industry in India- Issues and Challenges

23RD ANNUAL GLOBAL MEETING ON PLASTICS & SUSTAINABILITY

A presentation by…

ARVIND M MEHTAChairman Plastivision India Advisory Board. AIPMA

Executive Director Council of International PlasticsAssociation Directors (CIPAD)

Past President: Plastindia FoundationPast President: AIPMA

Threats and Challenges for the Plastics Industry : An Indian Perspective

WASTE MANAGEMENT: THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Miami, USA. 4-5 December 2012

Page 2: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

2Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

Process Chain of Plastics Recycling

RecycledPlasticProducts

Recycling ofPlastics Waste

Sale of Dry Waste Segregated Dry Waste

Dump Yard

Composting

Agriculture

WetWaste

Dry Waste

Segregation

Page 3: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

3Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

Plastic Content in Different Types of City Waste

High Income Group

Middle Income Group

Low Income Group

Commercial Complex

Vegetable Market

Street Dumping

Disposal site Plastic Waste in %6%

9%

6%

7%

7%

10%

14%

Source: Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012

Page 4: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 4

9%

6%

7%

7%

10%

14%

Percentage of quantitiesin the waste at Gorai (Landfill in Mumbai)

Compostable Matter33%

Paper8%Metal / Glass

2%

Miscellaneous(Sand, Silt, Debris etc.)

52%

Plastic5%

Actual Composition of Waste in a Mumbai Landfill

Source: NEERI (National Environmental Engineering & Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra) Report on composition of MSW in Mumbai landfill in 2005

Moreover, over 95% of plastics are collected from landfills for recycling

Page 5: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 5

9%

6%

7%

7%

10%

14%

Less than 5 % of plastics remain in the landfills

Characterisation of Total Waste

- Study in Deonar Dumping Area in Mumbai

Actual Composition of Waste in a Mumbai Landfill

345 kg (6.6%) for Recycling

Plastics,6.9%

Non-Plastics,4.3%

Dry Waste,11.2%

Page 6: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

6Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

Overview of Plastic Waste Management in India

Per Day

Plastic Waste Generation 15342 MT

Plastic waste Generation per capita 13 gm

Plastic Waste Collection (Estimated: 60% of consumption) 9205 MT

Uncollected Plastic Waste (Estimated: 40% by weight) 6137 MT

Municipal solid waste generation as per CPCB study on MSW generation in 60 major cities (2010-11) 50592 MT

Plastic waste generation as per CPCB study on MSW generation in 60 major cities (2010-11) 3501 MT

Source: Central Pollution Control Board ‘Material on Plastic Waste Management’ June 2012

Plastic Waste Management at a Glance

Page 7: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

7Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

Recycling Industry in India Quite Developed

Average annual volume of plastics recycled 3.6 MMT

Number of Organized Recycling Units 3500

Number of Unorganized Recycling Units >10,000

Manpower directly involved in Plastics Recycling ~6,00,000

Manpower indirectly involved in Plastics Recycling ~10,00,000

Estimated Investment in Plant & Machinery US$ 30 million

Plastics Recycled PE, PP, PVC, PET, PS, ABS, PMMA, PBT, SAN and Nylon

~ 40% of plastics consumed are recycled.

One of the highest recycling rates in the world

Source: Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012

Page 8: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

8Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

• Improper waste management causes o Soil Pollutiono Air Pollutiono Water Pollution

• MSW clogs drains, creating o Stagnant water for insect breeding and o Floods during rainy seasons

• Greenhouse gases are generated from the decomposition of organic wastes in landfills

• Insect and rodent vectors are attracted to the waste and can spread diseases such as cholera and dengue fever

• Some Health Problems linked to improper waste management are infections, allergies, breathing problems and even cardiovascular risk

Threats from Waste Management

Page 9: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

9Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

Existing Process Flow – Recycling of Consumer Waste

Clearly delineated roles and functions in an efficient multi-stage process

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Household Waste Hotel/Hospital Waste Street Waste Dump yard

Rag pickersScrap Dealers

Scrap wholesalers

Recyclers Sorting & CleaningGrinding,

Cleaning, Drying

Sold to processors/Product conversion to end

Granulation & Packaging

Lump Formation & Grinding

Flow Diagram for Recycling of Consumer Waste

Consumer Waste

Page 10: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 10

Existing Process Flow – Recycling of Industrial Waste

Efficient value addition process governed by market dynamics

Industrial Waste

End Users Street Waste

Scrap Dealers Scrap Pickers

Scrap Wholesalers

Recycler Sorting & CleaningGrinding,

Cleaning, Drying

Lump Formation & Grinding

Granulation & Packaging

Sold to Processors / Product Conversion to End

Flow Diagram for Recycling of Industrial Waste

Page 11: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

11Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

Plastic Waste Recycling Material Flow

Plastic Waste

Landfill

Mechanical Recycling

Feedstock Recycling

Conversion to Monomer Conversion to Fuel Reducing

Agent in Blast Furnace Gasification

Biological Recycling

Energy Recovery

Cement Kiln Heat & Power Generation

Material Recovery

Page 12: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

12Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

• Encouraging Re-use of plastics

• Segregation at source – awareness among citizens against littering

• Proper system for collection of segregated wastes for facilitating recycling

• Incentives / encouragement for recycling

• Upgradation of the existing mechanical recycling technology

• Encouragement for alternate methods of recycling / recovery of energy

Possible Solutions

Page 13: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

13Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

Plastic Waste

Source of Waste Application of Recycled Material

PET Soft drink and mineral water bottles

Multi-layer soft drink bottles, carpet fibres, fleece jackets

HDPEMilk crates, bottles for

shampoo and cleaners milk and cream bottles

Waste bins, detergent bottles, crates, agricultural pipes, Plastic lumber,

Plant pots, Traffic cones, Toys, Outdoor furniture

Rigid PVCClear cordial and juice bottles,

plumbing pipes and fittings

Detergent bottles, tiles, plumbing pipe fittings.

PPDrinking straws, ice-cream

containers hinged lunch boxes

Composite bins, crates

PS Yoghurt containers, plastic cutlery

Coat hangers, office accessories rulers, video/CD boxes

Creating Wealth from Waste

Source: Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012

Page 14: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

UnitAnnual Milk Production (2012 projection by FAO) MMT 127

Milk Packaged (15% of annual production) MMT 19.1

Milk Packaged in Pouches (94% of packaged milk) MMT 17.9

Daily Milk sales million litres 3.4

Daily pouch requirement (potential in 100% packaged sale scenario)

million nos. 6.9

14

Waste Wealth Milk Pouches Waterproofing (Barsati) Films

Source: FAO, IBEF; Ministry of Food Processing, Govt. of India; Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012; http://

www.businesscoot.com;

Milk Packaging in India

Milk pouches discarded by households collected by rag-pickers recycled & converted to barsati films by recyclers

Milk increasingly being sold in packaged form, polymer consumption in sector likely to rise manifold from current 0.7 MMT more recycling

Page 15: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 15

Opportunity : Waste Wealth

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16Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

Opportunity : Waste Wealth

Plastic Battery Boxes Recycled into Affordable Luggage

Old plastic battery boxes recycled

Plastic Dana generated from discarded boxes

Dana processed to produceluggage components

Casing trimmer Casing produced Injection Moulding MachineProcessing Dana

Plastic Battery Boxes Recycled into Affordable Luggage

Aluminum channel fitment

Aluminum channel mounted

Nails being inserted

Recycled luggage ready FOR SALE

Products after assembly and testing

Accessories mounted on the luggage boxes

Page 17: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

17Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

Opportunity : Waste Wealth

Plastic Sacks

Niwar Patti

PET bottle waste Recycled plastic granules

Fiber filling for pillows Rugged floor carpets

Toys for children Filling for mattresses

PLASTICS ARE RECYCLABLEPET BOTTLES are recycled to create

a wide array of utility products

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Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 18

New Opportunities in Waste Management- Non-conventional Recycling and Recovery

• Co-processing in cement kilns / energy recovery

• Conversion to fuel

• Construction of asphalt road

• Conversion to basic chemical

Page 19: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

19Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

Fuel from Waste Plastics

Invention by Indian Scientist Dr. Alka Zadgaonkar

Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur

Page 20: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 20

Scientific Solution to Plastics Waste Disposal

ACC Plant at Kymore - MP

All types of plastics waste – laminated, mixed and uncleaned, can be co-processed in cement kiln in partial replacement of coal

Calorific Values (MJ / KG) : Plastics ~ 45: Coal ~ 29

Page 21: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

21Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities

• Plastic Waste allowed to be utilized in road construction in 5 states o Tamil Naduo Karnatakao Maharashtrao Puducherry o Himachal Pradesh

• Plastic Waste allowed to be co-processed in cement kilns in 4 stateso Madhya Pradesho Tamil Naduo Orissao Andhra Pradesh

Utilization of Plastic Waste in Road Construction and Cement Kilns

Indian plastic industry trying to expand the no. of applications for recycled material

Prof. V S Aghase Road Dadar, Mumbai

Page 22: 2 waste management threats and opportunities

Country Report: Plastics Industry in India- Issues and Challenges

Thank you

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