2000 B.C. - A.D. 16892000 B.C. - A.D. 1689

Sources of Democratic Sources of Democratic TraditionTradition

OverviewOverview Greek vs RomanGreek vs Roman

JudaismJudaism ChristianityChristianity Developments in EnglandDevelopments in England

Greek or Roman?Greek or Roman?BRIEF HistoryBRIEF History

Poll: Greek vs RomanPoll: Greek vs Roman

Both Greece and Rome begin to develop Both Greece and Rome begin to develop around 500 BCaround 500 BC

Greeks thrive between 500 BC - 133 BCGreeks thrive between 500 BC - 133 BC Rome emerges in 133 BC after their Rome emerges in 133 BC after their

conquest of Asia Minorconquest of Asia Minor

Rome falls in the 400s AD after almost 200 Rome falls in the 400s AD after almost 200 years of peace during the years of peace during the Pax RomanaPax Romana

Both the Greeks and Romans continue to Both the Greeks and Romans continue to develop their cultures and manage to exist develop their cultures and manage to exist beyond the fall of their empires beyond the fall of their empires

Pay attention during the lecture for Pay attention during the lecture for areas where you can see Roman or areas where you can see Roman or Greek influence in life today!Greek influence in life today!

PoliticalPolitical GreekGreek

City-states City-states (polis): political (polis): political unit made up of a unit made up of a city and city and surrounding landsurrounding land

Sparta vs AthensSparta vs Athens Athens: limited Athens: limited

democracy democracy (government by (government by the people) the people) SolonSolon

Alexander the Alexander the GreatGreat

Move to build empire Move to build empire starting in 270 BC (Julius starting in 270 BC (Julius and Augustus)and Augustus)

Pax RomanaPax Romana Twelve Tables (law code)Twelve Tables (law code) Checks and balancesChecks and balances

RomanRoman Republic: people Republic: people

choose some choose some officialsofficials

Senate: wealthy Senate: wealthy land ownersland owners

Lead by two consulsLead by two consuls Dictator elected by Dictator elected by

senate in event of senate in event of warwar

Tribunes: elected Tribunes: elected commoners to commoners to represent cities represent cities (veto power)(veto power)

ArtArt GreekGreek Expansion throughout Expansion throughout

Mediterranean leads to Mediterranean leads to trade of artworktrade of artwork

Pottery Pottery AcropolisAcropolis TemplesTemples Spread with Alexander Spread with Alexander

the Greatthe Great

RomanRoman Developed based Developed based

upon Greek artsupon Greek arts ForumForum Pax RomanaPax Romana Roads, plumbingRoads, plumbing ColosseumColosseum

ReligionReligion GreekGreek

PolytheisticPolytheistic

RomanRoman Starts Starts

polytheistic polytheistic based upon based upon Greek godsGreek gods

During Pax During Pax Romana Romana adopts adopts ChristianityChristianity

PhilosophyPhilosophy GreekGreek

Sophists: moral and Sophists: moral and ethical truths were not ethical truths were not opinions, but principles opinions, but principles

Socrates, Plato, Socrates, Plato, AristotleAristotle

Reason as the guiding Reason as the guiding force for learningforce for learning

Reaching full potential Reaching full potential to achieve the “good to achieve the “good life”life”

What is the good life?What is the good life?

RomanRoman Studied Greek Studied Greek

philosophers philosophers Stoics: stressed Stoics: stressed

duty; well-being of duty; well-being of all peopleall people

GeographyGeography GREECEGREECE

Water/SeaWater/Sea MountainsMountains Few Few

resourcesresources

ROMEROME --wide variety of resources -sea/water --wide variety of resources -sea/water

Greece/Rome Post-Lecture Greece/Rome Post-Lecture QuizQuiz

List three areas of life today List three areas of life today where you see Greek or Roman where you see Greek or Roman influence.influence.

BRIEF History BRIEF History of Judaismof Judaism

Known as Hebrews Known as Hebrews or Israelitesor Israelites

Abraham, Moses Abraham, Moses leads to Israel 1000 leads to Israel 1000 BCBC

Conquered by Conquered by Persians, Persians, Babylonians, Babylonians, Persians again, Persians again, then the Romansthen the Romans

Principles of JudaismPrinciples of Judaism MonotheisticMonotheistic Chosen peopleChosen people

The TorahThe TorahTen CommandmentsTen Commandments

ScatteringScattering During the Roman expansion, a variety of During the Roman expansion, a variety of

sects/cults formed off of Judaismsects/cults formed off of Judaism Example: Christianity Example: Christianity

Many left their homeland during the Many left their homeland during the Roman period to avoid persecution, but Roman period to avoid persecution, but the area of modern day Israel remained the area of modern day Israel remained the center of the Jewish religion and the center of the Jewish religion and cultureculture

Brief History of ChristianityBrief History of Christianity

Arose during the Roman occupation of Arose during the Roman occupation of Israel among the commonersIsrael among the commoners

Followed Jesus and his apostlesFollowed Jesus and his apostles

After Jesus’ death the religion After Jesus’ death the religion continued to spread West throughout continued to spread West throughout the Mediterranean and into Europe the Mediterranean and into Europe (Paul of Tarsus)(Paul of Tarsus)

People suffering under Roman rule People suffering under Roman rule appreciated the ideas of equality and appreciated the ideas of equality and lovelove

Medieval ChurchMedieval Church As the church developed it promoted As the church developed it promoted

educationeducation Greek philosophers posed a challenge to Greek philosophers posed a challenge to

Christian scholars (reason to discover Christian scholars (reason to discover truths vs accepting ideas based on faith)truths vs accepting ideas based on faith)

Thomas Aquinas -- examines Christian Thomas Aquinas -- examines Christian teachings in the light of reason; brings teachings in the light of reason; brings Christian faith and Greek philosophy Christian faith and Greek philosophy closer togethercloser together

Democratic Developments in Democratic Developments in EnglandEngland

After fall of Rome chaos engulfs EuropeAfter fall of Rome chaos engulfs Europe Germanic tribes from Northern Europe Germanic tribes from Northern Europe

fight over the area and little villages fight over the area and little villages throughout the countryside begin to formthroughout the countryside begin to form

In order to protect their villages, neighbors In order to protect their villages, neighbors buddy up and provide protection for one buddy up and provide protection for one anotheranother

Feudalism Feudalism PyramidPyramid

PEASANTS

KNIGHTS

VASSALS

LORDS

KING

Political StructurePolitical Structure 1. Villages control own area1. Villages control own area

Constant Constant movement/invasionsmovement/invasions

2. Buddy up to protect and 2. Buddy up to protect and leads to feudal systemleads to feudal system

3. Strong monarchy3. Strong monarchy Kings dislike the feudal Kings dislike the feudal

system -- gives too much system -- gives too much control to otherscontrol to others

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror

Traditions in Development of Traditions in Development of EnglandEngland

Common LawCommon Law Legal system Legal system

(courts, jury)(courts, jury) Magna CartaMagna Carta

Great CharterGreat Charter Rights to nobles Rights to nobles

and citizensand citizens Monarch must Monarch must

obey lawsobey laws

ParliamentParliament Similar to Senate Similar to Senate

in Romein Rome Originally gave Originally gave

advice, leads to advice, leads to larger role that larger role that unifies Englandunifies England

Limits power of Limits power of the kingthe king

End of Lecture QuizEnd of Lecture Quiz 1. List three areas of life today 1. List three areas of life today

where you see Greek or Roman where you see Greek or Roman influence. influence.

2. What is one way that Greek and 2. What is one way that Greek and Roman early religion differed from Roman early religion differed from Judaism and Christianity?Judaism and Christianity?

3. Draw and label the feudal social 3. Draw and label the feudal social structure.structure.