©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

English Brushup, English Brushup, 3E3EJohn LanganJohn Langan

ParallelismParallelism

Chapter Sixteen

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Use ParallelismUse ParallelismBy balancingbalancing the items in a sentence,

you will make the sentence clearer and easier to read.

Ex.: Ex.: My job includes My job includes checking inventory, checking inventory, initialing orders, and to call initialing orders, and to call the suppliers. the suppliers.

callingcalling

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Uses of ParallelismUses of Parallelism

• To coordinatecoordinate elements in a series

• To pairpair ideas

• To organizeorganize lists

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

UsingUsing ParallelismParallelism• All items listing two or more words, phrases, or clauses, need

to be written in the same grammatical structure. For For exampleexample, , balance a noun with a noun, a balance a noun with a noun, a phrase with a phrase, a clause with a clause.phrase with a phrase, a clause with a clause.

Revision:Revision: Many people are interested in Many people are interested in combat when they combat when they read about it at home, study about it in school, or , or watch it on television.

Many people are interested in combat Many people are interested in combat when they when they read about it at home, study about it in school, or , or watching it on television..

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Using Parallelism with PairsUsing Parallelism with Pairs

• When two ideas are included, they must be parallel.– Tourists enjoy Tourists enjoy viewing air shows air shows

on military bases and on military bases and to examine displays of armor in museums.displays of armor in museums.

• Revision: Revision: – Tourists enjoy Tourists enjoy viewing air shows air shows

on military bases and on military bases and examining armor displays in museums.armor displays in museums.

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Checking for ParallelismChecking for Parallelism• Check items listed in a

series.– Use a parallel Use a parallel

grammatical structure grammatical structure for all items.for all items.

• Check places where coordinating coordinating conjunctions (conjunctions (and, and, but, for, but, for, etc.)etc.) are used.

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• In the 18th century, Franz Mesmer treated patients by using iron magnets and hypnosis.

CorrectCorrect

Judge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to see (Click to see the answer.):the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• People accused him of being a magician and that he was a fraud.

ErrorErrorJudge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to (Click to see the answer.):see the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• People accused him of being a magician and a fraud.

CorrectCorrectJudge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to see (Click to see the answer.):the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• Today hypnosis is used in dentistry, in obstetrics, and when having minor surgery.

ErrorErrorJudge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to see (Click to see the answer.):the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• Today hypnosis is used in dentistry, in obstetrics, and in minor surgery.

CorrectCorrectJudge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to (Click to see the answer.):see the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• Under hypnotic trance, the depressed patient may learn to assign positive feelings to past loss or learn to put the loss behind him and resume his life.

CorrectCorrectJudge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to see (Click to see the answer.):the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• However, hypnotic subjects can readily confuse events that really happened with imaginary events.

ErrorErrorJudge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to (Click to see the answer.):see the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• However, hypnotic subjects can readily confuse real events with imaginary events.

CorrectCorrect

Judge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to see (Click to see the answer.):the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• Fear, stress, and feeling anxious seem to be factors in increasing physiological pain.

ErrorErrorJudge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to see (Click to see the answer.):the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• Fear, stress, and anxiety seem to be factors in increasing physiological pain.

CorrectCorrectJudge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to (Click to see the answer.):see the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• Hypnosis can quiet the mind by slowing heart rates, lowering respiration rates, and it reduces blood pressure.

ErrorError

Judge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to see (Click to see the answer.):the answer.):

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.English Brushup, 3E

Parallelism

Parallelism Review ExercisesParallelism Review Exercises

• Hypnosis can quiet the mind by slowing heart rates, lowering respiration, and reducing blood pressure.

CorrectCorrect

Judge whether the followingJudge whether the following sentence is correct. sentence is correct. (Click to see (Click to see the answer.):the answer.):