Index 1

Index

Editors Note: Except for commonly usedphrases and abbreviations, topics are in-dexed by their noun names. Many topicsare also cross-indexed, especially whennoun modifiers appear (such as Voltage,back and Back voltage). Numerousterms and abbreviations pertaining toAmateur Radio but not contained in theindex may be found in the glossaries in-dexed herein. The letters ff after a pagenumber indicate coverage of the indexedtopic on succeeding pages.

10-GHz converter: ........................................ 10.43120-V ac chassis connector wiring: ............... 3.111200C modes: ................................................. 9.34144-MHz 3CX1200Z7 amplifier: ............. 18.40ff144-MHz amplifier example: .................... 18.23ff15-meter HVD: ............................................. 22.3016P4A (16PSM+ASM): .................................. 9.2016QAM: ........................................ 9.10, 9.31, 9.55300- TV ribbon line: .................................... 21.13B9C: ................................................................. 2.23CX1200Z7: ................................................. 18.403XC1500D7: ................................................ 18.293XC800A7: ........................... 18.16, 18.17, 18.26450- ladder line: .......................................... 21.14CX1600B: .................................................. 18.374CX250: ....................................................... 18.23555 timer: .............................................. 5.50, 5.5160-Meter Transceiver: ............................... 15.15ff

DDS: ......................................................... 15.15Electromechanical shaft encoder: .......... 15.15RIT: ........................................................... 15.15Spurious free dynamic range (SFDR): ... 15.15

6061-T6 aluminum rods: ............................. 22.646063-T832 aluminum tubing: ......... 22.15, 22.6464QAM: ........................................................... 9.55802.11: ............................................................. 24.3802.11b: ........................................................... 24.3802.11g: ........................................................... 24.38877: ............................................... 18.19ff, 18.268P2A (8PSM+2-level Amplitude-Shift

Modulation): ............................................... 9.208PSM (8-level PSM): ...................................... 9.20

AA 10-GHz Preamplifier: ............................... 14.40A index: ............................................. 20.10, 20.18AA6JR: ............................................................ 9.54AA8DX: ..................................... 19.1, 19.3, 19.41AB5K: ........................................................... 24.11Absorption: ................................................... 20.2ff

Atmospheric: ............................................ 20.19D layer: ............................................ 20.3, 20.11Ionospheric: ............................................. 20.24

AC (See Alternating Current)Neutral: ........................................................ 17.2Power: ....................................................... 17.2ff

Theory and reactive components: ............ 4.12AC Instruments: ........................................... 25.8ff

Average vs peak-reading: .......................... 25.9Bridges: .................................................... 25.13Calorimetric meters: ................................... 25.8Directional wattmeters: ........................... 25.13Measure inductance and capacitance with

DVM: ................................................. 25.21ffRF Power: ................................................. 25.11RF Voltage: .............................................. 25.11Scale linearity: ......................................... 25.10

Academy of Model Aeronautics: ................... 9.23Access points: ................................................. 9.49Accuracy: ........................................................... 9.1Acid-core solder: ............................................... 8.3Acoustic waves: ........................................... 10.22Active device

Modeling: ................................................... 18.3Active filter: ................................................. 12.27Active region: ................................................. 5.21AD4TB: ............................................................ 9.21Adair, Robert, KACKS: ................................ 9.21Adams, Chuck, K7QO: ...................................... 8.1Adaptive

Beamforming: .......................................... 16.31Filtering: .................................................. 16.17Interference canceller: .................. 16.17, 16.18Modeling system: .................................... 16.17Predictor: ....................................... 16.18, 16.19Signal processing: ...................................... 16.8

Adaptive networking: ..................................... 9.16ADC: ...................................................... 16.3, 16.4

Nonlinearity in: ................................ 16.3, 16.4Sigma-delta, over-sampling and: .............. 16.3

Adcock antenna (RDF): ............................... 13.18Adder

4-bit schematic: ....................................... 16.42Admittance (Y): ..................................... 4.11, 4.44AE1X: ........................................................... 25.27AFSK: ....................................................... 9.8, 9.13

Demodulator: ...................................... 9.9, 9.14AG6K: ........................................................... 19.57AGC: ........ 9.3, 9.8, 9.26, 10.5, 10.9, 10.14, 15.3,

26.17Audio-derived: ........................................ 14.26Circuits: .................................................... 14.26Digital system for: ................................... 16.26Hang: ............................................................. 9.3Loop: ........................................................ 14.24Loop problems: ..................................... 14.24ffTime constants: ....................................... 14.24

AH7R: .............................................................. 9.54Air drag: ........................................................... 10.2Air-core

Inductor: ...................................................... 4.32Transformer: ................................................ 4.58

Airplane: .......................................................... 20.3AK1A: ........................................................... 24.11Albania: ............................................................. 2.2ALC: ......................................................... 9.4, 15.5

AM: ........................................................... 16.16In solid-state power amplifiers: .............. 14.49Loop: ........................................................ 10.26

Speech processing with ALC: ................ 14.49ALE

Bibliography: ............................................. 9.21Waveform: ................................................... 9.21

Algonquin Radio Observatory: ..................... 20.9Algorithms for radio (DSP): ......................... 16.5ffAlignment: .................................................... 26.12

Receiver: .................................................. 26.17Transceiver: ............................................. 26.19

Alkaline battery: .......................................... 17.21Alpha Delta Communications: ........................ 3.7Alta Vista: ........................................................ 24.1Alternating current (ac) (Also see AC): ........... 4.1

And Reactive Components: ...................... 4.12In capacitance: ............................................ 4.23In inductance: ............................................. 4.31Line filter: ................................................... 13.6Measuring voltage, current, power: .......... 4.15

Alternator: ........................................................ 4.13ALU: ................................................................. 5.60Aluminum

Finishing: .................................................... 8.25Grade 6061-T6: ....................................... 22.36Grade 6063-T832: ................................... 22.64Tubing: ..................................................... 22.36

AM: ........................................................ 9.3, 9.26ffLimiterless detector: .................................... 9.9

AM (Amplitude Modulation): ........ 9.8, 9.9, 10.5ALC: ......................................................... 16.16AM-to-PM conversion: .............................. 10.6Broadcasting: ............................................... 9.2Carrier: ............................................ 11.5, 16.17Demodulation of: .................................. 16.12ffDemodulation of (detection): ....... 11.8, 14.29,

16.12ffEquivalent (compatible AM, CAM): ........ 11.7Many faces of: ............................................ 11.7Sidebands: ................................................... 11.5Transmitter, ideal: ...................................... 11.6

AM demodulation: ............................... 11.8, 11.9Direct conversion: ...................................... 11.8Envelope detection: ................................... 11.8Product detection: ............................ 11.8, 11.9Superheterodyne: ....................................... 11.8

AM signal typesDouble-sideband (DSB) full carrier: ......... 11.7Double-sideband, suppressed-carrier: ...... 11.7Independent sideband (ISB): ..................... 11.8Single-sideband, full carrier AM: ............. 11.7Single-sideband, suppressed-carrier AM: 11.7Vestigial-sideband (VSB), full-carrier AM:

11.7Amateur Auxiliary: ........................................... 2.4Amateur Extra-class license: ............................ 1.3Amateur Radio: ...................... 1.1ff, 2.1, 3.1, 3.14

ARISS program: ............................................ 2.4Bands, US: ..................................................... 1.4Building a station for: .................................. 1.8Computers in (Ham): .................................... 1.5Education: ............................................. 2.1, 2.4Glossary (in general): .............................. 1.16ffGoverning Regulations: ......................... 1.11ffHams at the forefront: .................................. 1.6

http:canceler:.....16http:...............................................16http:drag:...............................................10http:Vista:............................................24http:.................10http:conversion:..........................11http:carrier:...................................11

2 Index

Hams in Space: ............................................. 1.7International: ................................................ 1.9Operator: ....................................................... 1.2Operators: ...................................................... 2.5Resources: ................................................... 1.15School presentations: .................................. 2.4Service: ................................................ 1.11, 2.5Study guides: ................................................ 1.8US License: ................................................... 1.3

Amateur television (ATV)(see also FMATV): .............................. 2.5, 2.7ATV repeater: ............................................... 2.8

American National Standards Institute(ANSI): ............................................. 3.15, 3.16

American Physical Society: ........................... 3.16American Radio Relay League (see ARRL)American Red Cross: ........................................ 2.5Ampere: .............................................................. 4.1Amplification

Logarithmic: ................................................. 5.4Amplifier: ..................................................... 26.13

3CX1500D7: .......................................... 18.29ff6-meter 4CX1600B: .............................. 18.37ffBrick: ................................................. 9.28, 9.30Broadband HF solid state: .................... 18.24ffBuffer: ........................................... 10.18, 10.21Common emitter: ..................................... 26.14Cooling: ................................................. 18.15ffDC coupled: ............................................. 26.14Design with transistor: ..................... 5.26, 5.27Differential: ................................................ 5.35Double-brick L-band: ............... 23.11, 23.13ffEfficiency: ................................................... 18.2External RF power; standards: .................. 1.14High power: ................................................ 3.11High-power vacuum tube, example: .... 18.19ffInstability: ................................................ 18.19Linear: ............................................. 9.28, 18.11Linearity: .................................................... 18.2Loop compensation: ............................... 10.37Medium-Power 144-MHz example: .... 18.23ffMicrophone, Omni VI Plus: ....................... 15.5Neutralization: ......................................... 18.28Operational: ............................................. 5.33ffRF power: ................................................. 18.1ffSingle-brick L-band: ............................... 23.13Solid-state VHF/UHF oscillations: ........ 18.27Stabilization: ......................................... 18.25ffSumming: ...................................................... 5.3Summing operational: ................................ 5.35Synthesizer loop compensation: . 10.38, 10.41Testing for VHF/UHF oscillations: ........ 18.27Transistor configurations: ......................... 5.22Types: ............................................................ 5.6

AmplitudeDemodulation: .............................................. 5.4Distortion: ................................................ 26.10Modulation (AM): ........ 5.4, 9.5ff, 9.26ff, 11.3

Sidebands: .............................................. 11.5Modulation and demodulation: .................. 5.4Operating: ................................................... 10.3Stable: ......................................................... 10.3Variation: .................................................... 10.6

Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK): ...................... 9.7AMPS: .............................................................. 24.4AMSAT: ........................................................... 9.25AMTOR: ....................................................... 9.12ff

Bibliography: .......................................... 9.12ffFSK: ............................................................. 15.8

An Ugly Transformer for Heavy-LoadStations: ................................................. 19.57ff

An Expandable Headphone Mixer: ............ 19.25An External Automatic Antenna Switch for

Yaesu/ICOM: ......................................... 19.37ffAn SWR Detector Audio Adapter: ........... 19.28ffAnalog

Approximation (of analog waveform): ..... 5.38Building blocks: ....................................... 5.4ffDevices: ...................................................... 5.6ff

AD834: ................................................ 11.14Signal: ......................................................... 5.38

Signal processing: ..................................... 5.2ffSignals and components: .......................... 5.1ffvs Digital: .................................................... 5.38

Analog-to-Digital converter (see ADC)Analytic

Signals and modulation: ......................... 16.9ffAND gate: ........................................................ 5.42Angle

Modulation: ................................................ 11.9Oblique: ...................................................... 20.8

Angle Modulation: ........................................ 9.5ffAntenna: .......................................................... 21.1

Adcock: .................................................... 13.18Azimuth patterns: ....................................... 22.9Balanced: ................................................. 21.14Bandwidth: ................................................. 22.1Boom material: ............................. 22.37, 22.38Center insulator: ......................................... 22.7Center-fed Zepp: .............................. 21.1, 22.5Conductor size: .......................................... 22.2Construction, Yagi: ............................... 22.36ffCoupler: ...................................................... 15.1Couplers (see Tuner, antenna): ............... 21.13Cubical quad: ........................................ 22.33ffCurrents: ................................................... 21.14Delta loop: ...................................... 22.6, 22.38Dipole: .............................................. 22.4, 22.5Directivity: ............................................... 22.2ffDirector: ................................................... 22.33Doppler for RDF: ..................................... 13.23Driven elements: ................................... 22.33ffElectronic rotation for RDF: .................. 13.20Element insulators: ................................. 22.40Elevation angle (vertical): ......................... 22.3Elevation patterns: ........................... 22.3, 22.9Feed methods: ............................................ 22.5Ferrite rod for RDF: ................................. 13.18Flat-top T vertical: .................................. 22.28Folded unipole: ....................................... 22.25Gain: ......................................................... 22.2ffGround plane: ............................... 15.25, 22.24Half-sloper: ................................... 22.28, 22.29Half-wave dipole: ....................................... 21.4Half-wave resonant length: ........................ 22.4Half-wave vertical dipole: ... 21.1, 22.9, 22.30Height gain: ............................................. 22.53HF mobile: ............................................. 22.45ffInsulators: .................................................... 22.6Inverted L: ................................................ 22.28Inverted-V dipole: ...................................... 22.6Isotropic radiator: ....................................... 22.3Loaded: ....................................................... 22.8Marconi vertical: .......................... 22.24, 22.25Matching to the line: .............................. 21.10Mobile antenna tuning: .......................... 22.52Mobile, radiation patterns: ..................... 22.52Modeled data, 100 ft-dipole: .................... 21.9Modeling by computer: ... 22.12, 22.13, 22.60Optimal designs, practicality of: ............ 22.34Optimized wide-band (OWA): ................ 22.61Parabolic dish: ......................................... 23.34Parabolic dish, dual-band: .................... 23.26ffParasitic elements: ................................... 22.33Parasitic excitation: ................................ 22.33Parasitic for RDF: .................................... 13.21Patch: ...................................................... 23.27ffPattern distortion: .................................... 21.15Performance issues: ................................. 22.31Phased array for RDF: .................. 13.18, 13.21Physically short vertical: ........................ 22.25Plumbers delight construction: ... 22.36, 22.38Polarization: ............................................... 22.1Quad: ...................................................... 22.33ffRadiation efficiency: .............................. 22.31Radiation patterns: ........... 22.11, 22.12, 22.53Radio direction finding (RDF): ............. 13.17Reflector: ............................................... 22.33ffSense for RDF: ......................................... 13.18Slant-wire feed: ........................................ 22.25Sloper: ...................................................... 22.28Stacking Yagis: ....................................... 22.55Standard: ..................................................... 22.3

Switched for RDF: ................................... 13.21SWR and SWR bandwidth: .................. 22.31ffThree-element beams: ............................. 22.34Three-wire unipole: ................................. 22.26Through the glass: ................................... 15.25Time difference of arrival for RDF: ........ 13.22Top loading of tower: ............................. 22.25Trap verticals: .......................................... 22.26Traps: ........................................................ 22.27Tuner: ............................................ 21.10, 21.13Two-element beams: ............................... 22.34Vertical: .................................................. 22.23ffVertical ground plane: ............................ 22.24Vertical, full-size: .................................... 22.24Vertical, top loading: .............................. 22.26VHF/UHF: ................................................ 22.53Wire: .................................................. 22.5, 22.6Wire antenna construction: .................... 22.5ffWire pruning: ............................................. 22.4Yagi: .............................................. 21.10, 22.33Yagi and Quad directive antennas: ...... 22.33ff

Antenna construction6061-T6 preferred aluminum alloy: ...... 22.38Boom-to-element plate: .......................... 22.38Boom-to-mast plate: ................................ 22.38Composite spreaders (quad): .................. 22.41Gamma rod: .............................................. 22.41Grounding guidelines: ................................. 3.6Stainless steel, importance of using: ..... 22.38

Antenna matching: ...................................... 22.35Gamma match: ....................................... 22.35ffGamma match capacitor: ........................ 22.40Hairpin match: .............................. 22.60, 22.61Q-section transformer: ............................. 22.38T match: ................................................. 22.35ffTuning adjustments: .................... 22.36, 22.42Tweaking (fine tuning): .......................... 22.36

Antenna modeling by computer: ..... 22.12, 22.13Correct ground: ....................................... 3.18Hot spots: ................................................ 3.18Computer-optimized Yagis: ................... 22.36Coordinate system: ................................. 22.12Method of Moments algorithm: .. 22.12, 22.13MININEC: ................................................... 3.18Model: ........................................... 22.12, 22.13Numerical electromagnetics Code

(NEC): ......................................... 3.18, 22.12Origin, coordinate system: ..................... 22.12Segments: ...................................... 22.12, 22.13Wingspread: ............................................. 22.12

Antenna pattern terminologyBacklobe: ................................................. 22.33Circular polarization: ............................. 22.56Front-to-rear ratio (F/R): ......................... 22.33Main lobe: ................................................ 22.33Sidelobes: ................................................. 22.33

Antenna projects1.8-MHz Inverted L: ................................ 22.293 And 5-Element Yagis for 6 M: ............ 22.60A 135-Ft Multiband Center-Fed Dipole: 22.11A 40-M and 15-M Dual-Band

Dipole: ...................................... 22.11, 22.13A Five-Band, Two-Element HF Quad: . 22.39ffA Medium Gain 2-M Yagi: ..................... 22.61A Quick Antenna for 223 MHz: ............. 22.58A Remotely Tuned Analog Antenna Coupler:

22.48ffA Simple Loop Antenna for 28 MHz: .... 22.45A Simple Quad for 40 Meters: .... 22.42, 22.43,

22.44All Wire 30-M CVD: ............................... 22.32An All-Copper 2-M J-Pole: .......... 22.58, 22.59Dual-Band Antenna for 146/446 MHz: . 22.57Dual-Band Verticals for 17/40 or

12/30 M: .............................................. 22.27Simple, Portable Groundplane Antenna: 22.56The Compact Vertical Dipole (CVD): ... 22.31The Half-Wave Vertical Dipole (HVD): 22.30The K8SYL 75 and 10-M Dipole: ......... 22.14The W4RNL Inverted-U Antenna: ....... 22.14ffTwo W8NX Multiband, Coax-Trap

Dipoles: ............................................. 22.19ff

http:Stable:...............................................10http:.........................................10http:..................................................24http:..................................................15http:patterns:...........................22http:methods:.................................22http:..........................21http:length:..........22http:dipole:..........................22http:..........................22

Index 3

Antenna, VHF/UHF: ................................... 22.53ffCircular polarization: ............................. 22.56Gain: ......................................................... 22.53Height gain: ............................................. 22.53Physical size: ........................................... 22.53Polarization: ............................................ 22.53Radiation pattern: ................................... 22.53Transmission lines: ................................. 22.53

Antheil, George: .............................................. 9.43Anti-aliasing filter: ......................................... 16.2Anti-virus program: ........................................ 9.53Anticyclone: ................................................. 20.22Antistatic products: ....................................... 8.8ffAO-27 (OSCAR 27): ....................................... 23.5Apparent power: .............................................. 4.46Appleton, Edward: .......................................... 20.6Applications programming interface

(API): ........................................................ 16.31APRS: ..................................................... 2.6ff, 9.22AR Cluster: ................................................... 24.11ARC-5 series transmitters: ........................... 22.50Architecture, Harvard: ................................. 16.32Arcing: ................................................. 6.13, 26.12Arcs: .............................................................. 18.14ARES: ........................................................ 1.6, 2.5Argon: .............................................................. 20.3ARISS program: ........................................ 1.7, 2.7Arithmetic logic unit (ALU): ......................... 5.60Armstrong, Edwin: .......................................... 9.30ARPH-10: ......................................................... 9.47ARQ: ................................................................ 9.12ARRL: ...................................................... 1.9, 3.11

Field and Educational Services: ................. 2.4Field Day: ................ 2.2, 2.3, 3.2, 22.11, 22.14Field Organization: .............................. 2.1, 2.4Headquarters: .............................................. 1.10Lab: ........................................................... 10.10Logbook of The World: ................................ 2.2Membership services: ................................ 1.10National Contest Journal (NCJ): ............... 2.2National Traffic System (NTS): ........... 2.3, 2.4Organization chart: ...................................... 1.9Radio Design software: ........................... 16.1ffRadio Designer: ...................... 3.11, 6.22, 6.27Radio Designer 1.0: ............... 3.11, 6.22, 6.27,

11.22, 11.23RF Exposure and You: ............................... 3.19RF Safety Committee: ...................... 3.15, 3.19RF-exposure news page: ............................ 3.19Simple and Fun Antennas for Hams: ..... 22.30Technical Advisor: ....................................... 3.1Technical Information Service (TIS): ....... 7.11The ARRL Antenna Book: ........ 3.2, 3.7, 20.18,

21.9ff, 22.3ff, 23.19, 23.26, 23.31, 23.34The ARRL Antenna Compendium,

Vol 5: ........................................ 22.42, 22.57The ARRL Antenna Compendium,

ol. 4: ..................................................... 22.58The ARRL Electronics Data Book: .............. 7.9The ARRL Operating Manual: 2.2, 2.8, 15.25,

20.16, 20.19The ARRL Repeater Directory: ........... 2.7, 2.8,

9.39, 15.22, 15.24, 15.27, 15.28The ARRL RFI Book: ............................... 19.14The ARRL UHF/Microwave Experimenters

Manual: .................................... 23.23, 23.34TISfind: ........................................................ 7.11UHF/Microwave Experimenters

Handbook: .............................................. 2.11UHF/Microwave Experimenters

Manual: .......................... 2.11, 15.19, 20.19Volunteer Consulting Engineer: ................. 3.2Web: .......................................................... 20.18

Art of Electronics, 2nd ed.: ......................... 10.16ASAPS: .............................................. 20.18, 20.20Asbrink, Leif, SM5BSZ: .............................. 16.30ASCII: ........................................................ 9.7, 9.9

Bibliography: ............................................. 9.12Data rates: .................................................... 9.12Radioteletype: .............................................. 9.9

Ask Jeeves: ...................................................... 24.1Astronomical Almanac: ............................... 23.36

Asymmetrical wave forms: ............................. 25.9Asynchronous: ................................................ 9.12Atmosphere

Attenuation: ................................................ 20.2Earth: ........................................................... 20.2Earths structure: ........................................ 20.6Layers: ......................................................... 20.2Noise: ............................................................ 9.3Scattering: ................................................ 20.15

Atom: ................................................................. 4.1Attenuation: ........................................ 20.2, 20.15

Free space: ................................................... 20.2Rain: ......................................................... 20.19

Attenuator: ........................................... 15.1, 25.51Frequency selective: ............................... 18.25Shielding: .................................................... 10.8

ATV: ....................................................... 9.1, 9.38ffAmplifiers: .................................................. 9.41Communications distances: ...................... 9.38DSB & VSB transmission: ......................... 9.40FM: .............................................................. 9.42Frequencies: ................................................ 9.40Identification: ............................................. 9.40Repeaters: .................................................... 9.41

ATX and power systems: ................................ 5.70Audio: .............................................................. 4.13

Break-Out Box: ..................................... 19.26ffCompression: ................................ 16.16, 16.17Filter: ........................................................... 12.1Frequency Shift Keying (AFSK): ................ 9.8Phase shifters: ........................................ 14.19ffSidetone oscillator: ................................. 10.28Speech clipping: ................................... 14.43ffSpeech compression: ............................... 14.44Wide range audio oscillator: .................. 25.20

AuroraAustralis: ......................................... 2.11, 20.12Borealis: .......................................... 2.11, 20.12

Auroral: ................................................ 2.11, 20.6ffAuroral E Propagation: ................ 20.11, 20.13Propagation: ................................................ 2.11Zones: ............................................................ 9.1

Autek RF-1 antenna analyzer: .................... 22.44Autocorrelation: ........................................... 16.17Automatic Gain Control (AGC): ..... 9.26, 14.24ffAutomatic Level Control (ALC)Automatic Link Establishment (ALE): ....... 9.21,

22.48Automatic Position Reporting System (APRS):

9.22Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ): ................ 9.12Automobile EMC: ....................................... 13.14Autopatch: ................................. 2.7, 15.21, 15.27Autotransformer: ............................................. 4.58Avalanche

Current: .................................................... 10.19Diode: ....................................................... 10.16

AverageCurrent: ....................................................... 4.16Value: ....................................................... 25.51Voltage: ....................................................... 4.16vs peak-reading: ......................................... 25.9

Averaging: ......................................................... 9.3Awards: .............................................................. 2.1

5BDXCC: ...................................................... 2.2And contests: ................................................ 1.5DX Century Club (DXCC): ....................... 2.1ffEndorsements: .............................................. 2.2WAZ: ............................................................. 2.6Worked All Continents (WAC): .................. 2.1Worked All States (WAS): ................... 2.2, 2.6

AX.25: ........................................... 9.14, 9.15, 9.19Az-El: .......................................................... 23.36ff

Rotator: ....................................................... 23.9Azimuth and Elevation: ............................ 23.36ffAzimuth/Elevation rotator: ............................ 23.9

BBack voltage: .................................................. 4.27Back-channel order-wire: ............................... 9.21Backlash: ........................................... 10.14, 10.15

Backscatter: .................................................. 20.16Backwards wave oscillator (BWO): ............ 10.31Balanced

Mixer: .......................................................... 5.36Modulator: ................... 11.3, 11.7, 14.44, 15.5

Ball races: ..................................................... 10.15Ball, Bob, WB8WGA: .................................... 9.16Baluns: .............................................. 21.15, 22.5ff

Bead choke: ......................................... 21.17Bazooka: ....................................... 21.15, 21.16Broadband: ................................... 21.15, 21.16Choke balun: ........................................... 22.31Common-mode choke: ............................ 22.31Construction: ........................................... 21.17Current (choke): ........................... 21.15, 21.16Ferrite-core: ............................................. 21.17Quarter-wave: ............................... 21.14, 21.15W2DU bead: ............................................. 21.16

Band-stop filter design: ............................... 12.16Bandpass

Filter design: ................................... 12.7, 12.16Filter for 144 or 222 MHz: ..................... 12.30

BandsUS Amateur: .................................................. 1.4

Bandwidth: ................................... 9.1, 9.11, 25.51Efficiency, SSB: ......................................... 9.27Front-to-back ratio: .................................... 22.1Gain: ............................................................ 22.1Necessary: ..................................................... 9.2Occupied: ...................................................... 9.1Parallel resonant circuit: ............................ 4.53Resolution: .............................................. 16.20Series resonant circuit: ............................... 4.48Synthesizer closed loop: ......................... 10.38

Barkhausen: ......................................... 10.3, 10.38Barnes, Graeme, MCSH: .............................. 2.10Bartholomew, Wayde S., K3MF

(ex WA3WMG): ....................................... 22.57BASIC Stamp: ................................................. 5.58Battery

Alkaline: .................................................. 17.21Capacity: ............................... 6.4, 17.22, 17.23Charging: ............................................... 17.20ffCharging/Discharging: ........................... 17.23Chemical hazards of types: ..................... 17.22Discharge curves: ......................................... 6.4Internal resistance: .................................. 17.22Lead acid: ................................................. 17.21Lithium: ................................................... 17.21Mercury: ................................................... 17.21Nickel Cadmium (NiCd): ........................ 17.21Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH): ... 17.21, 17.22Primary: .................................................... 17.21Rechargeable or secondary: ................... 17.21Sensing: .................................................... 17.43Shelf life: .................................................. 17.21Silver oxide: ............................................ 17.21Solar charging systems: .......................... 17.23

Baud: ........................................................ 9.8, 9.12Baudot: ............................................... 9.7, 9.8, 9.9

Code: ............................................................. 9.3Baudot Radioteletype (RTTY): ....................... 9.8BayCom: .......................................................... 9.15BCD: ................................................................ 5.40Beacon frequencies: ..................................... 20.18Beam tetrodes: ................................................ 5.10Belrose, John S., VE2CV: ............................ 22.28Bench equipment: ........................................... 26.2Bending metal: ................................................ 8.25Bermuda high: ............................................. 20.22Bessel functions: ................................. 9.6ff, 11.10Beyond the horizon: ....................................... 20.1Bias, grid: ..................................................... 18.14Bias, transistor: ............................................. 18.15Biasing: .............................................................. 5.7

Of transistors: .................................... 5.22, 5.23Bibliography

ALE: ............................................................ 9.21AMTOR: .................................................. 9.12ffASCII: .......................................................... 9.12Baudot RTTY: .............................................. 9.9CLOVER: .................................................... 9.21

http:Apogee:.................................23http:Jeeves:..........................................24http:space:.......................................20

4 Index

DSP: .......................................................... 16.35Internetworking: ......................................... 9.22Packet: ......................................................... 9.16PACTOR: .................................................... 9.18PSK31: ........................................................ 9.13RDFT: .......................................................... 9.21Satellite TT&C: .......................................... 9.25SCAMP: ...................................................... 9.21SSTV: .......................................................... 9.37

Bifilar (coils, turns): .................. 8.23, 8.24, 21.16Bilateral diode switch: ................................... 5.14Binary: ................................................... 5.39, 5.40

Coded decimal (BCD): ............................... 5.40States (Physical Representation of):.5.41, 5.42

Binaural I-Q Receiver: ............................... 14.66ffBiphase-shift keying (BPSK): ..................... 11.25Bipolar Transistors: ............................ 5.13, 5.20ffBit rate: .............................................................. 9.3BITE: ............................................................. 10.45Bits: .......................................................... 5.39, 9.8Black-body radiator: .................................... 23.35Blackburn, Wally, AA8DX: ............... 19.1, 19.41Bleeder resistor: ........................................... 17.11Block diagram: ................................................ 26.7Blocking capacitor: ..................................... 18.13BNC: .................................................... 19.8, 25.51Bobbin for winding toroids: .......................... 8.23Bodson, Dennis, W4PWF: .................... 9.32, 9.37Body fade for RDF: ...................................... 13.27Bonding conductors: ........................................ 3.6Boolean

Algebra: ....................................................... 5.42Theorems: .................................................... 5.44

Boothe, F. Barry, W9UCW: ......................... 22.26BPSK (Binary Phase-Shift Keying): ........... 11.25BPSM (Binary Phase-Shift Modulation): ..... 9.20Brain, Charles, G4GUO: ....................... 9.21, 9.31Bramwell, Denton, K7OWJ: ........................ 25.11Brick amplifier: ..................................... 9.28, 9.30Bridge: ................................................. 9.15, 25.51Broadband

HF Amplifier example: ......................... 18.24ffHF Amplifier Using Low-Cost Power

MOSFETs.: .......................................... 14.72RF transformer: ........................................... 4.59

Broadcast bandAM band: .................................................... 11.7Energy-rejection filter: ........................... 12.35Wave trap: ................................................ 12.36

Brone, Jeff, WB2JNA: ..................................... 9.22Brown, Jerry, K5OE: ........................... 23.7, 23.31Bruninga, Bob, WB4APR: ............................. 9.22Bryce, Mike, WB8VGE: .............................. 17.41Bucher, T. T. N.: ........................................... 11.22Buffer: ............................................... 5.3, 5.4, 5.43

Amplifier: ...................................... 10.18, 10.21Buffering: .............................................. 5.3, 5.4Cascode and cascaded: ................................ 5.5Inverting: .................................................... 5.42Noninverting: ............................................. 5.43

BuildingCodes: ........................................................ 3.1ffPermit: ........................................................... 3.2

Built-in-test equipment (BITE): ................. 10.45Burdick, Wayne, N6KR: ............................. 15.10Burger, Michael, AH7R: ................................ 9.54Burr-Brown: .................................................. 11.14

MPY600: .................................................. 11.14Bus structure (local busses): .......................... 5.62Butler oscillator: ................... 10.26, 10.27, 10.53Butterfly computation: ................................ 16.22Butterworth filter response: ........................... 12.5Buying parts: ................................................... 8.24BWO: ............................................................. 10.31Bypass

Capacitor: .......................................... 13.1, 13.6RF: ............................................................ 8.20ff

Byte register: ................................................... 5.50

CC-Rate: ............................................................. 17.1

C0G: ................................................... 10.13, 10.15Cables, lacing: ................................................ 8.23Calculus: .......................................................... 10.2CalibrationPhilosophy and Practice: ...... 25.5Call sign: ........................................................... 1.3Calorimetric meters: ........................................ 25.8Cameron, Bruce, WA4UZM: ....................... 22.58Cameron, Dave, VE7LTD: ................... 2.10, 9.21Campbell, Rick, KK7B: .............................. 14.66Capacitance: .......................................... 4.11, 4.18

Hats: ......................................................... 22.13Inter-electrode: ........................................... 6.11Minimum: ................................................... 18.6Package: ...................................................... 6.11Parasitic: ...................................................... 6.10Stray: ................................................. 6.11, 18.6Tube, output: .............................................. 18.6

Capacitor: ................................................ 4.18, 6.1Air variable: ................................................ 18.6Blocking: ................................................. 18.13Bypass: .............................................. 13.1, 13.6Construction: .............................................. 4.19Dielectric breakdown: .................................. 6.5Dielectric layer: ............................................ 6.4Dielectrics: .................................................... 6.5Doorknob: ................................................ 18.13Effective series resistance (ESR): ................ 6.5Electrolytic: ................................................ 3.21End effect: ..................................................... 6.4Failure: ..................................................... 26.22Feedthrough: ............................................ 10.21Ideal: .............................................................. 6.4Identification: ............................................... 7.3Input filters: .................................. 17.11, 17.12Leakage current: ........................................... 6.5Loss: ............................................................ 4.49Loss angle: .................................................... 6.5Markings: ...................................................... 7.2Output tank ratings: .............................. 18.11ffPolystyrene: ............................................. 10.15Reactance: ................................................... 4.24Series and parallel: ..................................... 4.21Silver mica: .............................................. 10.15Standard value filter design: ..................... 12.8Tank, plate spacings table: ..................... 18.12Temperature coefficients: ............................ 6.5Tolerances: .................................................... 6.5Tuning: ..................................................... 10.15Types and uses: .......................................... 4.20Vacuum variable: ....................................... 18.6Voltage rating: ............................................ 4.20Working voltage rating: .............................. 6.5

Capacity, battery: .............................. 17.22, 17.23CAPMan: ........................................... 20.18, 20.20Capture effect: ................................... 11.13, 15.23Carcia, Joe, NJ1Q: ........................................ 19.37Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): ....... 3.21

Training: ....................................................... 3.1Carrier: ............................................................. 9.26

AM: ........................................................... 16.17Exalted: ....................................................... 9.27Main: ............................................................. 9.5Operated relay (COR): ............................ 15.21Shift, DSP prevention of: ............. 16.16, 16.17Suppression: ................................................ 11.7

Carroll, R. W.: .............................................. 11.24Cascade-form IIR filter: .................................. 16.7Cascaded

Buffers: .......................................................... 5.5Stages: ........................................................... 5.5Stages, distortion: .................................... 14.12Stages, gain: ............................................. 14.10Stages, noise factor: ................................ 14.11Stages, noise figure: ................................ 14.11Stages, properties: ................................... 14.10Stages, selectivity: ................................ 14.10ff

CascodeBuffer: ........................................................... 5.5Pair: ............................................................... 5.5

Case Study: Amplifier Distortion: ....... 6.22, 6.23Cathode: ............................................................ 5.8

Follower: ............................................. 5.3, 5.10

Ray tube (see CRT)Cavity resonator: .............................. 10.30, 10.31CB operators: .................................................. 1.14CCK: ................................................................ 9.46CCS (Continuous Commercial Service): ... 18.11CD-ROM: ........................................................ 5.64CD4046: ....................................................... 10.46CDMA: ........................................... 9.5, 9.45, 24.4Cebik, L. B., W4RNL: ...................... 22.14, 22.61Cellular: ........................................................... 24.4

Air interfaces: ............................................. 24.7AMPS: ......................................................... 24.7Bands: ......................................................... 24.7CDMA: ........................................................ 24.8TDMA: ........................................................ 24.8Technology: ............................................. 24.6ff

CeramicBand pass filter: .......................................... 15.5Coil form: ...................................... 10.15, 10.18Resonator: ................................................ 10.24

Cesium clock: ................................................. 25.2CFM: ............................................................. 18.15Champa, John, K8OCL: ................ 2.1, 9.43, 9.47,

9.54, 24.1Channelized: ......................... 15.20, 15.21, 15.23Chaotic system: ............................................... 10.5Characteristic

Curves: .................................................. 5.6, 5.7Impedance: ............................................... 21.1ff

Charge coupled devices: ................................ 5.36Charging and discharging batteries: .......... 17.23Chassis

Construction: .............................................. 8.25Pressurized: .............................................. 18.17

Chat mode: ............................................ 9.21, 9.47Chebyshev filter

Design: ........................................................ 12.9Design normalized table: ........................ 12.11Response: .................................................... 12.5

Chimneys, tube: ........................................... 18.16Chinook wind: ............................................. 20.23Chip components: ........................................ 8.11ff

Resistors: ....................................................... 7.4Choke

Common mode: .......................................... 13.7Resonance: ............................................... 10.14Resonances: ........................................... 18.12ffRF: .......................................................... 18.12ff

Chordal hop: ................................................. 20.15Circuit

And Components: ........................................ 4.8Breakers and fuses: ..................................... 17.3Control: .................................................... 26.15Design, CAD tools: .................................... 6.21Digital: ..................................................... 26.16Dissipated power: ....................................... 6.16Distributed elements: ................................... 6.1Layout: ............................................ 8.14, 8.18ffLumped elements: ................................ 6.1, 6.2Modeling: ..................................................... 6.1Norton-equivalent: ....................................... 6.4Parallel resonant: ........................................ 4.49Paths: ........................................................... 8.18Resonant: .................................................... 4.47Series and Parallel: ....................................... 4.8Stray reactances: ......................................... 18.8Tank: ........................................................... 18.4Tank Q: ..................................................... 18.5ffThermal considerations: ............................ 6.16Thevenin-equivalent: .................................. 6.4

Circular polarization: ...................... 20.24, 22.56,23.17, 23.19, 23.34

CirculatingCurrent: .................................................... 18.21Tank current: .............................................. 4.52

Clark: ............................................................... 10.4Class

A: ................................................................. 18.2AB: ................................................... 18.2, 18.11AB1: ............................................................ 18.2AB2: ......................................................... 18.19B: ..................................................... 18.2, 18.11

http:ratio:........................22http:response:..............12

Index 5

C: ................................................................. 18.2D: ................................................................. 18.2of operation: ............................................ 18.2ff

Clicks, key: ........................................................ 9.1Clip-on mount: ............................................. 15.25Clipping: ................................................. 5.4, 10.4Clock

Frequency: .................................................. 5.46Mechanism: ................................................ 10.2Period: ......................................................... 5.46Tick or pulse: .............................................. 5.46

Closed loop gain, operational amplifier: ...... 5.34CLOVER

2000: ................................................. 9.20, 9.33ARQ: ............................................................ 9.20Bibliography: ............................................. 9.21CLOVER-II: ............................................. 9.19ffData compression algorithms: ................... 9.20Diversity: .................................................... 9.20Efficiency choices: ..................................... 9.19FEC: ............................................................. 9.19Waveform: ................................................... 9.19

Cluster: ............................................................ 9.14CME: ............................................................. 20.10CMOS: .............................. 5.31, 5.55, 5.56, 25.51

Circuits: ............................................. 5.55, 5.56Driving TTL: ............................................... 5.58Inverter; internal structure of: ................... 5.55Subfamilies: ................................................ 5.55To TTL interface: ....................................... 5.57

CMRR: ............................................................ 5.34Coaxial

Lines (cable): .................................... 21.1, 21.8Semi-rigid: ............................................... 10.30Transmission line: ...................................... 21.4

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA): ...... 9.5CODEC: ............................................................. 2.7Coded PPM (PCM): ........................................ 9.24Coefficient of coupling: ....................... 4.28, 4.54Coil

Tank: ........................................................ 18.12Transmitter conductor sizes: .................. 18.12

ColdFront: ........................................................ 20.23Oven: ........................................................ 10.21Welding: .................................................. 10.23

Collins Radio Company: ............................ 10.14Color SSTV history: ........................................ 9.34Colpitts: ............................................. 10.13, 10.15Combinational logic: .................................. 5.42ffCommander: ................................................. 24.11Common

Base/Collector/Emitter amplifiers: ........... 5.22Emitter amplifier: .................................... 26.14Emitter switch: ......................................... 26.14Mode choke: ............................................... 13.7Mode signals: ............................................. 13.1

CommunicationsCircuits: Analysis and Design: ................. 10.4Receivers: Principles and Design: ......... 11.22

Community events (Hams in): ......................... 1.6Comparator: ..................................................... 5.35Complimentary

Code Keying (CCK): .................................. 9.46Sequence: .................................................... 9.46

ComponentAnd Circuits: ................................................ 4.8Arrays: ............................................... 5.32, 5.33At RF: .......................................................... 6.10Data: ........................................................... 7.1ffFailure: ................................................... 26.19ffFuse: .............................................................. 4.9Ideal: .............................................................. 6.1Markings: ................................................... 7.1ffModels, low-frequency: ............................... 6.2Nonideal: ...................................................... 6.1Nonlinear: ..................................................... 6.1Parasitic: ........................................................ 6.1Potentiometer: ............................................ 4.10Protection: ..................................................... 8.7Relay: .......................................................... 4.10Switch: .......................................................... 4.8

Values: .......................................................... 7.1Compression: ..................................... 10.10, 11.21

1-dB compression point: ........................ 11.21Second-order intercept point: ................ 11.21Third-order intercept point: ................... 11.21

ComputerAided-design: ................................... 6.11, 6.13Antenna-modeling programs: .................... 3.18Architecture: ............................................... 5.59Connecting to amateur equipment: ....... 19.11Connectors: ............................................ 19.10ffControl unit: ..................................... 5.59, 5.60Controlled Two-Radio Switchbox: ..... 19.44ffCSMA/CD bus: ........................................ 19.11Hardware: ................................................. 5.58ffMemory (Cache vs. Main): ........................ 5.62Memory types: ............................................ 5.60Parallel-port interfacing: ...... 5.66, 5.67, 19.11Sound card: ................................................. 5.65Timing: ........................................................ 5.60TNC connection: ..................................... 19.12Uses with Amateur Radio: ........................... 1.5What is a: .................................................... 5.59

Conductance (G): .................... 4.2, 4.3, 4.11, 4.44Conducted signal: ........................................... 13.1Conductive grease: ...................................... 22.37

Dow Corning Molykote 41: ................... 22.37Noalox: ..................................................... 22.37Penetrox: .................................................. 22.37

ConductorsCenter: ......................................................... 21.1Outer: ........................................................... 21.1Perfect: .......................................................... 6.1

Conjugate match: ......................................... 21.10Connectors: ..................................................... 19.5Construction: ........................................ 8.1ff, 26.5

Ground-plane (PCB): ................................... 8.8Hints: ........................................................ 8.20ffMicrowave: ................................................. 8.22Notes: .......................................................... 8.26Painting: ...................................................... 8.26Terminal-and-wire: ..................................... 8.10

Contest: ...................................................... 2.1, 2.2And awards: .................................................. 1.5ARRL Sweepstakes: ..................................... 2.3EME: ............................................................ 2.11Field Day: ...................................................... 2.2Multioperator: ............................................ 10.7QSO Parties: .................................................. 2.3VHF, UHF and Microwave: ......................... 2.3

Continuous Phase FSK (CPFSK): .................... 9.9Continuous wave (see also CW): .................. 10.3Control

Circuitry: .................................................. 26.15Grid: .............................................................. 5.9Microprocessor: ....................................... 26.15

Conventional current: ...................................... 4.1Conversion

Loss: ......................................................... 11.15Products: ..................................................... 11.4Techniques of numbers: .................. 5.40, 5.41

Converter: ........................................................ 11.4Data: ......................................................... 16.33DC-DC: ........................................................ 17.1Resonant: .................................................... 17.1

Convolutional encoder: ................................. 9.13Cooling

Fan: ........................................................... 10.31Transistor: ................................................ 18.18Tube amplifier: ........................................ 18.15vacuum tubes: ............................................ 18.2

Coordination frequency: ............................. 15.20Copperweld: .................................................... 22.6Core

Construction (of transformer): ................... 4.57Identification: ....................................... 7.5, 7.6Inductor, properties: ................................... 4.26Saturation: ................................................... 4.26

Corona: .............................................. 20.10, 20.25Discharge: ................................................ 20.25Noise: ....................................................... 20.25

Coronal Mass Ejection (CME): .................. 20.10

CosmicNoise: ....................................................... 20.24Sources: .................................................... 20.25

Costas, John, W2CRR: ................................... 9.43Coulomb: ........................................................... 4.1Counter

Divide-by-m: ............................................... 5.49Flip-flops forming a: ........................ 5.48, 5.49Frequency: ............................................... 25.19Three-bit binary: ........................................ 5.49Up/down: .................................................... 5.49

CoupledFilter: ........................................................ 12.26Lightly: ....................................................... 10.3Networks: .................................................... 10.3

CouplingCoefficient of: ............................................ 4.28Network: ...................................................... 10.4

CourtesyBeep: ........................................................ 15.21Tones: ....................................................... 15.24

CP (Circularly Polarized): ................ 23.17, 23.19CPFSK: .............................................................. 9.9CPR training: .................................................... 3.1CPU: ................................................................. 5.59Cravey, Ed, KF4HPY: ....................................... 2.5Critical frequency: ................................ 20.7, 20.8Cronkite, Walter, KB2GSD: ............................. 1.5Crosstalk: ......................................................... 21.8Crowbar: .......................................................... 17.1

Circuits: .................................................... 17.16CRT: ................................................................. 5.11Crystal

Aging: ...................................................... 10.23AT cut: ..................................................... 10.22Cold welding: .......................................... 10.23Equivalent series resistance (ESR): ....... 10.25Filter: ........................................................ 14.28

Evaluation: .......................................... 12.27Multielement: ..................................... 14.28

Gravity: .................................................... 10.23Monolithic filter: ..................................... 12.18Motional capacitance: ............................ 10.24Motional inductance: ............................. 10.24Oscillator circuits: ................................. 10.24ffOvertone: ...................... 10.22, 10.22ff, 10.24,

10.25, 10.27Quartz, filter: ............................................ 12.16Resonance: ............................................... 10.22Series mode: ............................................. 10.25Set: ............................................................ 14.14Spurious response: .................................. 10.24Standard load: ......................................... 10.26Thickness shear: ...................................... 10.22Unwanted modes: .................................... 10.24

CSMA/CA: ...................................................... 24.3CSMA/CD: ...................................................... 24.4CTCSS: ........ 15.21, 15.21ff, 15.24, 15.27, 15.28Current: ............................................................ 4.11

Baluns: ..................................................... 21.16Circulating: ................................................. 4.52Conventional: .............................................. 4.1Eddy (in transformer): ................................ 4.57Effective: ..................................................... 4.16Inrush: ...................................................... 17.10Instantaneous: ............................................ 4.15Loop: ........................................................... 22.1Node: ........................................................... 22.1Peak: ............................................................ 4.16Peak-to-peak: .............................................. 4.16Ratio of transformer: .................................. 4.55Root mean square (RMS): ......................... 4.16Sources: ......................................................... 6.3

Curvature, Earth: ............................................. 20.3Cutoff region: .................................................. 5.21Cutting metal: ................................................. 8.25CW: ...................... 9.1, 9.3, 9.7ff, 10.3, 11.6, 11.7

Falltime: ........................................................ 9.7Mode at VHF/UHF: ................................. 14.47Transmitter: ................................................. 10.1Waveshaping: ............................................. 11.7

Cyclone

http:of:16.16http:AB2:.......................................18http:resistance:..........18

6 Index

High pressure: .......................................... 20.23Wave: ....................................................... 20.23

DD cell: ............................................................... 25.5D layer, nighttime: ....................................... 20.11DArsonval: ...................................... 25.3ff, 25.51D-C transceivers: ........................................ 16.29ffDAC: ............................................................. 10.23

Glitches: ................................................... 10.47Programmable multiplying: ................... 10.38

Damn-Fast Fourier transforms (DFFT): ...... 16.25Damped waves: ............................................... 10.3Danzer, Paul, N1II: ......... 5.38, 5.58, 15.20, 19.29Darlington

Transistor: ................................................... 17.1Transistor pair: .................................. 5.5, 17.14

DataConverters: ............................................... 16.33Converters, quantization noise: ................ 16.3Rate: ............................................................ 5.68Sheets (Manufacturers): .............................. 5.7

Data modes: ..................................................... 9.13Daughters, George, K6GT: .......................... 18.38Davidoff, Martin, K2UBC: ............................. 9.25Davies, Paul, MZPD: .......................... 2.10, 9.22Dayside MUF: .............................................. 20.16dBc: .................................................................. 10.8dBc/Hz: ............................................................ 10.8dBm: ................................................................. 14.2DBM (double-balanced diode mixer): ..... 11.17ff

Amplitude modulation with: .................. 11.24Biphase-shift keying modulation with:.. 11.25Conversion loss: ...................................... 11.18Dynamic range: ............................ 11.18, 11.19First-order response: ................................ 11.19Noise figure: ............................................ 11.19Phase detection with: .............................. 11.25Second-order IMD: .................................. 11.19Specifications: ......................................... 11.18Termination-insensitive: ........................ 11.23Termination-sensitive: ............................ 11.23Third-order IMD: ..................................... 11.19

DBPSK: ............................................................ 9.46DC

Instruments: ............................................. 25.3ffAccuracy: ................................................ 25.4Basic meters: ....................................... 25.3ffCurrent ranges: ....................................... 25.4DC power: ............................................... 25.6Extending current range: ...................... 25.4Resistance measurement: ...................... 25.6Shunts: .................................................... 25.5Voltmeters: .......................................... 25.5ff

Level shift: .................................................. 11.5Offset: ....................................................... 11.13

DC-DC converter: ........................................... 17.1DDC: .................................................. 16.30, 16.31

Chips and coprocessors: ......................... 16.33DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis): ................ 10.32ff

Digital BFO generation and: .................. 16.14Project; High-performance: .................... 16.41Typical output spectrum of: ................... 16.41

Dead bug construction: .................................... 8.8Deburring tool: .................................................. 8.5Decibel (dB): ................................................... 13.1Decimal system: .............................................. 5.39Decimation: ..................................................... 16.4

Project: ..................................................... 16.36Decision threshold: ........................................... 9.3Decoder

Morse: ........................................................... 9.3Viterbi: ........................................................ 9.13

Delay: ................................................................. 9.1Group: ......................................................... 9.15

DeMaw, Doug, W1FB: ................................. 10.28Demodulation: ............................................. 11.1ff

AM: .............................................................. 11.8FM and PM: ............................................. 16.14

Demodulator: ....................................... 9.30, 11.1ffAFSK: ............................................................ 9.9

Digital AM and SSB: ............................ 16.11ffDual: .............................................................. 9.9Phase: ............................................................ 9.6Synchronous, exalted-carrier: ................ 16.13

DeMorgans theorem: ..................................... 5.44Design example, 902 to 928-MHz receiver:

14.38ffDesoldering: ...................................................... 8.4Despreading: .................................................... 9.44Destructive interference: ................................ 20.9Detection

Quadrature: ................................... 11.12, 11.13Slope: ....................................................... 11.12

DetectorDigital quadrature: .................................. 16.13Phase-frequency: ....................... 10.36ff, 10.39PLL: ............................................................... 9.3Taylor: ...................................................... 16.30

DeviationFrequency: .................................................... 9.6Level: .......................................................... 9.15Meter: ............................................................ 9.7

DHCP: .............................................................. 24.4Diagram, block: ............................................... 26.7Diana, Gary M, Sr, N2JGU: ......................... 19.17Dibit: ................................................................ 9.12Dielectric: ........................................................ 4.19

Breakdown: ....................................... 6.13, 6.14Capacitor: ...................................................... 6.5Capacitor, air: ............................................... 6.5Capacitor, ceramic: ...................................... 6.5Capacitor, electrolytic: ................................ 6.5Capacitor, mica: ........................................... 6.5Capacitor, paper: .......................................... 6.5Capacitor, plastic film: ................................ 6.5Capacitor, vacuum: ...................................... 6.5Resonator oscillator (DRO): ................... 10.31Strength: ...................................................... 6.13

Dieterich, Mark, N2PGD: ................................. 2.5Differential

Amplifier: .................................................... 5.35Mode signal: ............................................... 13.1

Diffraction: ...................................................... 20.2Knife-edge: ................................................. 20.3

Digipeater: ........................................... 9.15, 15.21Digital

Circuit: ..................................................... 26.16Communications: ................................. 2.1, 2.9Filters: ...................................................... 16.5ffFundamentals: ......................................... 5.38ffICs: ............................................................ 5.51ffMeters (DVM): ......................................... 25.3ffModem: ......................................................... 9.7Modes: .......................................................... 1.5Multimeter (DMM): ................................... 26.2PLL Frequency Synthesizers

Theory and Design: ............................ 10.27Quadrature detector: ................................ 16.13Signal Processing (see DSP)Signals and components: ........................ 5.38ffSpeech processing: ................................ 16.16ffTristate device: ........................................ 26.17Voice Working Group: ............................... 9.10vs. Analog: .................................................. 5.38

Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM): ................... 9.31Digital Signal Processing (DSP): ................... 9.29Digital Voice

Amateur radio: ............................................ 9.31Modes: ..................................................... 9.31ffWorking Group: ......................................... 9.31

Digitally temperature compensated oscillator(DTCXO): ................................................. 10.23

DIN plug: ......................................................... 19.6Diode: ............................................................. 6.5ff

Avalanche: ............................................... 10.16Bilateral switch: ......................................... 5.14Circuits: ....................................................... 5.20Common applications: ............................... 5.19Depletion layer: ............................................ 6.7Diffusion capacitance: ................................. 6.7Dynamic resistance: ..................................... 6.7Failure: ..................................................... 26.24

Fast-recovery: ............................................. 17.5Gate to ground: ........................................ 10.18Germanium: ................................................ 17.5Gunn: ........................................................ 10.30Hot-carrier: ...................................... 5.17, 11.16Ideal: .............................................................. 6.5In series and parallel: ................................. 17.9Light emitting (LED): ...................... 5.28, 5.29PIN: .............................................................. 5.17PN junction: .................................................. 6.7PNPN: .......................................................... 5.14Reference: ................................................ 10.16Replacement: ........................................... 26.24Response curve of photo: .......................... 5.28Reverse breakdown: ..................................... 6.7Ring mixer: .............................................. 10.35Ring modulator: ......................................... 10.6Schottky: .................................. 5.17, 6.8, 11.16Semiconductor variety: .......................... 5.17ffSilicon: ........................................................ 17.5Switching time: .................................... 6.7, 6.8Temperature compensated: ..................... 10.16The constant current: ................................. 5.19Tube: ............................................................. 5.8Tuning: ..................................................... 10.34Tunnel: ..................................................... 10.30Turn-on voltage: .......................................... 6.6Varactor: .......................................... 5.18, 10.34Zener: ........................... 5.18, 6.7, 10.16, 17.12

Dip meter: ..................... 18.12, 21.10, 22.27, 26.3Grid dip meter: ......................................... 21.10

DiplexerBandpass: ................................................. 11.24Filter: ........................................................ 12.39High-pass/low-pass: ................................ 11.24

Dipole antenna: ............................................... 22.4Center insulator: ......................................... 22.7Construction: .............................................. 22.7Drooping: .................................................... 22.8Feed method: .............................................. 22.5Full sloper: .................................................. 22.8Inverted-V dipole: ...................................... 22.8Orientation: ................................................. 22.8Shortened: ................................................... 22.8Sloping dipole: ........................................... 22.8Trap: ......................................................... 22.10

Direct Conversion (D-C): .......................... 14.16ffDirect Current (dc): ................................. 4.1, 4.12

Pulsating: .................................................... 4.12Direct Digital Conversion (see DDC)Direct Digital Synthesis (Also see DDS): .. 10.32,

10.47ffDirect synthesizer: ....................................... 10.32Direct-Conversion (see D-C)Direct-sequence spread spectrum: ....... 9.44, 9.46Directio program: ......................................... 24.11Direction finding (DF): ...... 2.1, 2.5, 13.1ff, 13.17Directional wattmeter (see also Reflected power

meter): ............................................. 21.6, 25.12Disabilities: ..................................................... 19.4Discrete (components or circuitry): ............... 5.29Discriminator: ....................................... 9.9, 11.12Displacement current: .................................... 6.10Display, video: ................................................ 5.64Dissipation

Grid: ......................................................... 18.19Plate: ......................................................... 18.10Plate limit: ................................................ 18.11Transistor, power: .................................... 18.11

Distortion: .......................................................... 9.1Amplitude: ...................................... 11.4, 26.10Cascaded stages: ..................................... 14.12Delay: .......................................................... 11.4Frequency: ...................................... 11.4, 26.10Harmonic: .................................................... 11.4Intermodulation: ..................................... 18.19Intermodulation (IMD): ............................. 11.4Measurement: .......................................... 26.10Nonlinear: ......................................... 11.3, 11.4Products: ..................................................... 11.3Receiver: .................................................. 26.17Second-harmonic: ...................................... 11.4

http:Corona:..................................20http:model:............................18

Index 7

Single stage: ............................................... 14.7Square-wave: ............................................ 26.11

Distribution panel: .......................................... 3.11Dithering: ............................................ 16.4, 16.30Diurnal pumping: ......................................... 23.17Diversity reception: .......................................... 9.9Divider: ......................................................... 25.51

Programmable: ......................................... 10.32DL4KCK: ......................................................... 9.43DL6WU: ........................................................ 23.33DMM (digital multimeter): ......................... 25.51Dogpile: ........................................................... 24.1Doig, Al, W6NBH: ..................................... 22.39ffDome, Robert, W2WAM: ............................... 9.29Dominion Radio Astrophysical

Observatory: ................................................ 20.9Doorknob capacitor: .................................... 18.13Doppler: ......................... 9.1, 20.12, 20.13, 20.24,

23.6, 23.8, 23.9Ionospheric: .................................................. 9.3Radar: ................................ 10.30, 20.13, 20.24RDF antenna: ........................................... 13.23Shift: .............................................................. 9.3

DoubleBalanced diode mixer (DBM): ...... 11.16, 15.2Ball bearings: .......................................... 10.18Sided PC boards: ..................................... 8.16ff

Downlink: ........................................................ 23.2DQPSK: ............................................................ 9.46DRAM: ............................................................ 5.61Drift-Free VFO: ........................................... 14.81ffDrilling

Bits: ............................................................... 8.5Techniques: ...................................... 8.17. 8.26

DRO: ............................................................. 10.31Dry cells: ....................................................... 10.15DSP: ................................ 9.29, 10.52, 15.1, 16.1ff

Algorithms for radio: .............................. 16.5ffAt baseband: ............................................ 16.26Bibliography: .......................................... 16.35Coprocessors: ............................... 16.33, 16.34Embedded, Hardware for: ....................... 16.32Filter-design software: ............................ 16.34IF: .............................................................. 23.17Noise reduction: ...................................... 16.18Notch filter: ............................................. 16.18Other design tools for: ............................ 16.35Projects: .................................................. 16.36ffRadio architectures for: ........................ 16.26ffSoftware Radio Design and: ................... 16.1ffSystem software: ...................................... 16.34

DSSS: ............................................................... 24.3DTCXO: ........................................................ 10.23DTMF: ................................... 15.21, 15.23, 15.24Dual modulus division: ............................... 10.32Ducting: ........................................................ 20.21Dummy load: ................................................ 25.51Duntemann, Jeff, K7JPD: ................................ 9.54Dupe sheet: ........................................................ 2.3Duplex

Crossband: .................................................. 23.9Full duplex: .................................... 15.21, 23.8

Duty cycle: ........................................................ 9.9Satellite: ...................................................... 23.3

DVD: ................................................................ 5.64DVM (digital voltmeter): ....... 25.3ff, 25.4, 25.51

Measuring inductance and capacitance:25.21ff

DX: ..................................................................... 2.1Awards: .......................................................... 2.1Century Club (DXCC) award: ........... 1.5, 2.1ffDXpeditions: ......................................... 1.5, 2.2Nets: .............................................................. 2.2PacketCluster: ............................. 2.2, 2.9, 9.14

DXLab: ..........