2006 ebu training croatian tv newsroom

EBU International Training / Jean-Noël GOUYET & Hélène RAUBY-MATTA / Thematic Visit to HTV Newsroom / 23/24 Nov. 2006

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Digital newsrooms group: thematic visit Visit to HTV News

Zagreb, Croatia, 23 -24 November 2006

Visit report

HRT joined the Digital Newsrooms group in May 2003 for the visit to BBC Kent in Tunbridge Wells. At that time, HTV News department had just set up iNews, the News text editing system and was preparing its 2nd call for tender for a complete Newsroom Computer System (NRCS). HRT took part in all the visits which were organized by EBU International Training. In addition, HRT made the best of the Digital Newsrooms group network and organized separate visits to several recently digitized TV channels which had taken part in the visits.

How did HRT manage to revolutionize with limited financial resources the way it was making News in less 5 years? Going through all the steps from the drafting of the call for tender to the issues still at stake, such as how to integrate regional bureaus and spread non linear production to acquisition, the thematic visit covered all the aspects of the revolution, including:

- the choice of technical architecture and the challenging relations with the vendors,

- the key role of super users and how HTV overcame limited training resources and promoted change in people's minds.

- the definition of the new workflows and the importance of building transversal teams to make strong-minded individuals work together,

- the creation of a unique ingest point and the new role for archive people.

Outline

Introduction: HTV News in a nutshell I - HTV Newsroom Digitization project A - Chronological overview B - Project Management approach C - The outcome: more newscasts, more formats II - HTV Newsroom integrated platform: the technical specificities A - Selecting an integrator B - An all 'Avid' platform C - A detailed and constantly updated workflow D - A good quality media format E - Security issues F - Metadata Management G - Building the future on this platform III - HTV Newsroom: new organization, new workflows, new jobs A - A unique Ingest point: HTV News Media Desk B - The key role of super users in the implementation of the digital revolution C - New jobs and functions


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INTRODUCTION HRT TV News in a nutshell People 300 journalists: - 140 journalists in 21 Croatian HTV regional centres and studios - 150 journalists in Zagreb at the headquarters - 10 foreign correspondents in offices abroad Output - 54 permanent shows on 2 TV channels (HRT 1 & HRT2) - 2 main newscasts at 12:00 and 19:30 - 28 daily news broadcasts, 24 are produced digitally Croatia TV media landscape - 1 Public Service Broadcaster: HRT - 2 Commercial broadcasters: RTL and NOVA HRT Positioning - 18 out of the 25 "most watched" programmes come from HRT, - and 7 out of the first 10 come from the News department. HRT "Business model" License fee: app. 2/3 of the revenues Commercials: app. 1/3 of the revenues


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I - HTV NEWSROOM DIGITIZATION PROJECT A- Chronological overview

The complete digitization of the HTV newsroom is a 5-year long process. If one does not take into account the purchase of the News text editing system (iNews), and the delay due to different problems (2004), the real duration of the project is nearer to 2 years.

The following table provides a timeline and highlights the different steps of the project and the difficulties encountered, including the time necessary to collect information, design, plan, implement and train. It also points out to the determination which must drive the project team, the News team and the management.

Information (Look & See)

Implementation Training (main actions)

2001

September: members of the Technical + Digital production teams and of the News team visit IBC in Amsterdam to look for the "best" newsroom system

Starting point:

The HRT News "daktilobiro"

September: the News desk team wants to change

December: 1st Call for tender for text editing by journalists

2002 May 28: EBU visit of the Regional station / News Headquarters ZDF in Berlin. September 25-26: EBU visit of the Regional station TSR in Geneva + 1st seminar on Digital Newsrooms

Selecting Avid iNews (versus Autocue, ENPS…)

Setting the network for the iNews system

Summer 2002: Purchase of Avid iNews

In parallel, changes in architecture and space organisation (main Newsroom moved)

3-day course (9 hours) / 3 iNews "super-users" trained 80 users

2003 May 7: EBU visit of the Regional station BBC Kent in Tunbridge Wells

Sept.26: EBU visit TF1 Paris

Visiting ORF, ITN, YLE, ZDF Berlin

Looking at the YLE and Slovenia TV calls for tender

March 20: Start of the new Newsroom with iNews

December 1st: 2nd call for tender for a complete Newsroom Computer System (NRCS)


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2004

Sept. 20-21: EBU visit of the National station YLE24 in Helsinki + 2nd Seminar on Digital Newsrooms

Mid January: Selecting Avid NRCS

Problems:

- Avid delays

- Space not available + reconstruction

- Waiting for the election of the Programme Council and for the General Director

- Waiting for the new News Director (Spring)

- The Production Technical Director left for RTL

December: Avid installation begins - Newscutter for craft editors.

2005 March 10-11: EBU visit of the National station France 2 in Paris.

June 6-7: EBU visit of the National station BBC News in London.

November 14-15: EBU visit of the National station DR in Copenhagen

Spring: technical tests of the complete system

July 4: launch of the 1st completely tapeless 5' Newscasts at 7.05, 8.05 and 8.35 on HTV1

September 26: "Vijesti na drugom" 10-minute News twice a day on HTV2

January: Tech. administrators

June - last (!) week: 5-day workflow training

Training of journalists, reporters, editors, continues

2006 February: 15' Newscast noon and other shorter News bulletins on HTV1

May 15: The main Newscast on HTV1 (19.30), the most watched in Croatia, is digitally produced and broadcast.

April 25-27 'Digital News Production' training


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B - Project management approach

A project management approach was adopted. All the tasks, means and phases were planned in a Gantt chart. A detailed written document1 regularly updated was used as the "project Bible" to which everyone involved could refer.

1 "Newsroom Obrada Slike I Tona - Nadogradnja Glauni Projekt Ver. 7e - 2005"


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C - The outcome: more newscasts, more formats

The following table, presenting the HTV1 and HTV2 schedule (23.11.2006), illustrates the success of the digitization of the HTV Newsroom system, with the introduction of additional newscasts or news bulletins of different duration, and with news items inserted in the magazines. The number of newscasts has almost doubled from what it was before the digitization.

HTV1 (Blue channel) HTV2 (Red channel)

7.05

7.35

8.35

"Good morning Croatia"

5' News

10.00 - 10.06 5' News + Weather forecast

12.00 - 12.15 15' News

13.08 - 13.57 News programme w. studio discussion

5' News 13.25 - 13.30

15.00 - 15.10 News + Weather forecast "Croatia today" (Regional News) 15.45 – 16.00

16.36 - 17.27 News magazine "News on 2" 10' News 16.00 – 16.10

17.30 - 17.40 10' News + Weather forecast

Zagreb regional News (each region has its own News)

18.10 – 18.30

18.30 - 18.32 Traffic News "News on 2" (Central News of the 2nd channel) 20' News (incl. Sports and Weather forcast)

18.34 – 18.54

19.30 – 19.55 25' News

19.57 – 20.00 Sports News

20.01 – 20.03 Weather forecast "News on 2" 10' News 21.00 - 23.00

21.10 – 22.00 Weekly current affairs magazine

22.05 – 22.35 Weekly culture magazine

22.45 – 23.35 10' News followed by a studio discussion with 5-6 guests on the topics of the day.

23.40 – 23.45 5' Daily culture News

00.25 – 00.30 5' News of the day


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II - HTV NEWSROOM INTEGRATED PLATFORM: THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICITIES

A - Selecting an integrator

Why was Avid selected out of the 5 tenders received by HRT (Avid, Quantel, Silicon Graphics, Sony, Thomson GV) ?

First, because it was the cheapest offer, and therefore had to be selected by law.

Second it was the most integrated one: the manufacturer had to integrate iNews, and the selected company had to provide full support and responsibility for the system.

B - An all 'Avid' platform

A block diagram of the system is presented below. o Ingest: The feeds (8xinput) or tapes (4xinput) - Betacam SX, DVCAM, Digital Betacam, IMX tapes - are ingested into the Avid AirSpeed server2 in Broadcast quality ('Hi-Res': IMX 50 Mbit/s) and into IPV SpectreView3 for generating Browse quality streams ('Low Res': MPEG-1 1,5 Mbit/s) for Media Browse4. The feeds are recorded in parallel on MPEG IMX tapes, first for backup, but secondly because only one part of HTV production being digital (news programme) these feeds may be also used for other programmes (sports, science, children, documentary, etc.). o Central Storage: 5 MEDIArray5 ZX for the mirrored storage of 2 x 250 hours 'Hi-Res' (MPEG IMX 50 Mbit/s) on a 2Gbit Ethernet storage network. In 2007 the storage capacity will be extended to 3 x 250 hours. Avid Unity LANshare6 for the mirrored storage of 1800 hours + 1500 hours 'Low-Res.' (MPEG-1 1,5 Mbit/s). on a 100 Mbit/s network. Items are kept up to 6 - 7days. o News production : iNEWS7 system o Posproduction : 6 NewsCutter8 Adrenaline with 2Gbit Fiber Channel network and 4+1 NewsCutter XP with 1 Gbit Ethernet network. o Playout: 4 AirSpace9 servers with 20 hours of IMX50, mirrored, on a Gigabit Ethernet network. o Archiving: In the Central Storage a workspace of 6 hours acts as a buffer for the News items to be archived. The News material is archived on Sony MPEG IMX tapes. It is made out of:

o 20 % = "raw" rushes (80 % of the rushes ingested are saved)

o 40 % = the best of the "rough cuts" made by the journalists

o 40 % = edited and broadcasted "packages"

2 http://www.avid.com/products/airspeed/index.asp

3 http://www.ipv.com/products.asp?Type=Servers&Product=svserver

4 http://www.avid.com/products/mediabrowse/

5 http://www.avid.com/products/mediarray/

6 http://www.avid.com/products/unitylanshare/

7 http://www.avid.com/products/inewsfamily/

8 http://www.avid.com/products/newscutter/

9 The MediaStream server (formerly a HP then Pinnacle product) is now proposed

http://www.avid.com/products/mediaStream/index.asp


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HTV Digital Newsroom block diagram

C - A detailed and constantly updated workflow A general workflow10 diagram, with the sequence of tasks and processes, and the corresponding responsibility, is presented below. Besides that, detailed workflows were spelled out for specific tasks. See, for example, the written description of the EVN Capture Manager workflow below, p.17.. Periodical updates are discussed and inserted.

10 Workflow = sequence of tasks and processes


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D - A good quality media format

For storing and archiving the Sony MPEG IMX format11 is used. It corresponds to one of the format recommended by the EBU for archiving. It allows to be used in other productions (magazines…) being easily edited. The playout Avid AirSpace also supports IMX interface cards server.

E - Security issues

Special attention has been paid to security, in order to aim to "no single point of failure".

This first implies implementing a robust and secure IT architecture: o Storage Disks are UnityRAID Redundant12 and "hot swappable". o Mirrored Central storage of "Hi-Res" and "Low Res" material o The storage space is segmented into different workspaces dedicated to different operations and/or users with limited access rights. o NewsCutters NLE have local AV memory disks. o Dual Playout servers per control room (with RAID 3 disks architecture) and …backup VTRs with edited items on tape. o Power Supply: most servers in the system have dual power supply; Central UPS13 connected on diesel generator; Local UPS per equipment rack (min. 10’ capacity). o A separate LAN14 "TechNet" designed for the News Production and separated from the business and office "HRTNET". o The 12 AirSpeed ingest servers are not mirrored, but first most of the feeds are recorded in parallel on IMX tapes (only night feeds are scheduled recorded on server only and not on tapes) and secondly if one AirSpeed server fails its input is switch onto another one.

Besides that, the HRT technical team has conducted a risk analysis of the system and of the network, according to ISO 17799:2005 standard15. This analysis lists the weak points of the system, the possible failure events, the consequences, and evaluates the probability level of this failure taking place, the probability of discovering it, and the consequences seriousness for the system. This has led to a set of 22 recommendations to the management.

11 Technical hint: the IMX format is equivalent to MPEG-2 422P@ML 50 Mbit/s, I frame-only coding 12 Avid iNEWS – Redundancy and Failover in Avid News Management Solutions. White Paper 2004 13 Uninterruptible Power Supply 14 Local Area Network 15 ISO has developed these recommendations for the information industry (not just IT, but information in general). This is today applicable in any institution or company who needs to protect the privacy, integrity of information in their possession and continuity of business (production). They are based on the British standard BS7799 developed by the industry (the financial sector was the main driver).


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F - Metadata management

The metadata management has been recently harmonised with the naming convention Presently all the metadata ingested in the Avid applications have to be manually copied and pasted into the MERIDIO fields of the Central Archive. MERIDIO16 is a document and records management system, software running on the Microsoft .NET framework. HTV News naming convention

Town Name of material

Name of journalist

Name of programme

Example OS (Osijek) Vukovar Gantar HD (Hrvatska Danas)

OS - Vukovar - Gantar - HD

G - Building the Future on this platform o A separate LAN17 "TechNet" designed for the News Production and separated from the business and office "HRTNET". o 2007: Connecting 8 (out 21) regional stations to the Zagreb newsroom infrastructure via optical fibre, for direct files transfer after editing. o Adding storage capacity. o Going to multiplatform distribution (Web, DVB-H, mobiles…) o Need to integrate the Archives Meridio system with iNews o Digitizing the legacy material of the Archives... but waiting for enough money!

16 http://www.meridio.com/documents/HRTCaseStudy.pdf 17 Local Area Network


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III- HTV NEWSROOM: NEW ORGANIZATION, NEW WORKFLOWS, NEW JOBS A - A unique Ingest point: HTV News Media Desk Before The National News Exchange ( HTV material coming from HTV regional centres and Zagreb) , the

Eurovision News Exchange and the Archives were three different departments in three different locations;

These departments worked separately with very little insight into each other's work.;

The News material was recorded and processed in different locations: data were not transparent nor easily accessible;

Each bit of material was only available on a specific tape and to one user only at any given moment; The overall process was slow and lacked continuity & transparency.

Now A unique ingest point: As a result of the digitization project, the National News Exchange ( HTV

material coming from HTV regional centres and Zagreb) , the Eurovision News Exchange and the Archives are now integrated in a unique Ingest point - the Media Desk.


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All the material is gathered and saved at the same point, from which it is almost immediately accessible for simultaneous manipulation to all the users of the Digital Newsroom System. Everyone also has direct access to all HTV rushes;

The material is indexed following a unique naming convention . The naming convention results from

a joint effort from the part of Capture Managers, AV Archivist Managers, journalists, video editors and news producers to agree on a simple naming system.

Tapes have not yet been completely abandoned. Tapes are still in use for back-up and library archives

What are the benefits of the Media Desk? Professionals sitting at the Media Desk have become more knowledgeable and committed to their jobs. They have gained an overview over all the material available for HTV News. Their job has become more interesting; They work as a team in a user-friendly system which they have contributed to develop; All material is pooled in one central place and the access and use of material has been greatly enhanced; There is ongoing communication between the Media Desk and the overall News department;


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B - The key role of super users in the implementation of the digital revolution in HTV Newsroom 1/ Making the best of vendors' training courses Due to limited financial resources available for raining, HTV resorted in a very targeted and limited manner to the courses provided by AVID: January 2005: 4 technical administrators; 1 IT and 1 Control Room persons attended a 2-week Unity

training course. June 2005: "Newsroom workflow" training course 3-day Media Browse training course (6-7 participants: super users including journalists, craft editors

and technical administrators;

2-day Ingest playout training course for the users and administrator; 5-day "dry run" training course in order to enlarge the group familiar with the new workflow 3-day Media Management + Crisis management 2-day workflow management for the News team in addition, 1 craft editor/ super user went to the AVID training centre in Pine Wood (UK) to attend a

training course 2/ Selecting, Electing & Training a team of 'Super users' in June 2005, a group of individuals from all professional backgrounds and sectors of the newsroom

( ( including 5 journalists, 2 EVN ingest coordinators; 2 domestic coordinators, 2 archives persons and 4 craft editors) was selected to become super users. They were chosen on their multi-skilling ability, their good knowledge of IT, their open-mindedness and their willingness to pass on their knowledge to others.

On the last week of June, they attended a 5-day " Newsroom workflow " training course provided by

AVID in Zagreb. Dry runs: 2 more days were dedicated to testing the system and applying all that they had learned

over the past five days. Based on these "dry-runs", they drafted the first workflows.

On July 4, 2005, 8 days after the beginning of the AVID training course, the group broadcast their

first digitally produced Morning News programme. 3 / Disseminating the knowledge First a list of all the people (journalists, producers, directors) in need of training was established Super users trained them, mostly on a "one-to-one" basis, to use Media Browse Dry runs were held every day and gradually more and more people got used to working with iNEWS


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4/ Identifying and overcoming challenges

The biggest challenges were - to make people change their old working habits - to make them accept to go back to school, at least in their minds - to overcome their fears of new technologies, of being left behind if they could not adjust to the

new working environment (some of them did not know how to use computers), of getting more responsibilities and work, of failure, and ultimately of loosing their jobs as new technology often means fewer human resources needed.

Examples

- Some journalists avoided the Media Desk: "what's the use?" - Some producers and journalists didn't want to do rough cuts: "We don't have time for that" - Directors felt insecure with the new way of broadcasting: "tapes are safer!" or "Production is

more complicated" - Everyone blaming the technology when mistakes occur even though 99% of them are caused

by a human factor - Everyone claiming "that's not in my job description" How to overcome challenges

- by running a real PR campaign and by lobbying in the corridors, - by demonstrating the advantages and explaining the possibilities offered by the new system, - by being present at all times to fix mistakes and give a hand - by holding critical conferences after each newscasts

- by writing down detailed workflows so that everyone is aware of every part of the process and to promote teamwork. Workflows have to be updated and changed when needed

A typical critical conference • newscasts assessment • Q/A sessions • discussing and correcting the problems as

they came up • everything written in iNEWS in a

"Problems & Workflow" document,


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EXAMPLE OF WORKFLOW - EVN CAPTURE MANAGER 1. He records Eurovision News Exchanges via Media Browse (Browse) and in parallel to the tapes as well. 2. All the materials are recorded on Media Browse Manager 01 (MB-MANAGER01) / EBU FEED folder / CURRENT DAY subfolder. The names of the folders are very important as they correspond to the names of the folders on Media Manager where the high-resolution materials exist. Clips can be moved from one folder to another in Media Browse. 2.1. Recording is executed via Media Browse Feed Capture, on CH-06 EBU (airspeed 6) and CH-08 EBU2 (airspeed 8), which are programmed only for the Permanent News Network (PNN) channel. 2.2. There are 2 types of recording: scheduled – they are run automatically (they are already pre-programmed), and instant – which are run manually (Cue – Record). 2.3. CH-06 EBU contains a number of Scheduled Recordings in the period between 04.30 GMT and 18.30 GMT. Each Scheduled Recording has a unique name, created according to the name of the exchange it contains and its timing in GMT (for example: EVN 14:15 GMT – 15:00 GMT). 2.4. CH-08 EBU contains several Scheduled Recordings for the period from 20.30 GMT until 04.25 GMT. It is also used for Instant Recordings at any given moment. Each Instant Recording is named after a type of the news item (i.e. FLASH) and its timing in GMT. 2.5. The third channel for recording is CH-07-MR1 (airspeed 7), which is reserved for live events from the Permanent Event Network channel. 3. All clips have to be both in Browse (low resolution) and Broadcast (high resolution) quality, which can be checked in the Metadata Viewer for each clip. 4. If clips do not contain any news item, the CM deletes them out of Media Browse Assets and Feed Capture windows. 5. The recordings are kept on Unity for 6 days, whereas on the tapes they are kept for 2 weeks. 6. News items which have been only recorded on the Unity are to be transferred to tape via a Newscutter. In case the news items are present only on tape, they can be ingested from the tape-recorder via Media Browse CH-07 MR1 to the Unity. 7. FLASH news items from night feeds must be flattened so that the administrators can delete these night feeds from high resolution in order to save space on Unity. 8. The CM writes daily reports on the recorded news items, both in Media Browse Assets / Comments section and iNEWS, as follows: 8.1. In Media Browse Assets, in each recorded clip’s Comments section, the following is put: the name of the news exchange and timing in GMT, real time code (in CET) of the first key frame of each news item, name of the item (slug), location (country, town), short description of the item. 8.2. In iNEWS, each day has an individual entry with red headlines containing the names of the news exchanges, their timing (in GMT) and numbers of the tapes that they are recorded on. They are followed by: the name of the item (slug) – location (country, town), short description of the item, the tape’s time code. 5/ Making professionals aware that they are part of a team In the past, the professionals involved in the News production process did not communicate and did

not know each other. They were ganging together with their colleagues doing the same job. The new workflow made them realize that the depend a lot on each other and they started

communicating, distributing the work and creating a chain.


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C - New jobs and functions 1/ Media Desk staff: what does their job consist of?

Tech info: There are 12 incoming channels going into 12 Ingest servers (4 for tapes & 8 for feeds). The feeds are both ingested into the Avid AirSpeed server in Broadcast quality (High resolution: IMX 50 Mbit/s), and into IPV SpectreView in Browse Quality (Low resolution: MPEG-1 1,5 Mbit/s) – which feeds Media Browse - and recorded on tapes for back up.

National News Exchange (NNE)

The NNE capture manager is the first link on the whole news chains and is responsible for the correct indexing of the national material on the server. Eurovision News Exchange (EVN)

The EVN capture manager constantly processes and updates the captured material for final users

Capture Manager (formerly coordinator) • ensures the ingest of all the news items

originating from Zagreb and the 21 regional centers,

• captures the items in low resolution on the server,

• writes comments and metadata which makes browsing easier

EVN Capture Manager (formerly EVN assistant)

• captures all the EBU material for use and archiving ( a daily average of 10hrs of recording)

• records via Media Browse and in parallel to the tapes.

• processes the captured material in low resolution and controls its quality in high resolution


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EVN Media journalist (formerly EVN coordinator)

News Archives

AV Archivist managers are in charge of selecting the material for the news archives and are responsible for uploading and updating the material

• distributes hard news, feature, culture, business, children and entertainment news items to Eurovision Members, including breaking news and live events

• distributes sports news and events • now has complete control over all the

phases of making a story from chasing the material, capturing it on the server, non-linear editing and feeding it into Eurovision.

The EVN Media Journalist now has complete control over all the phases of making a story from chasing the material, capturing it on the server, non-linear editing and feeding it into Eurovision.

AV archivists Manager (formerly AV archivists) • archives the news content valuable to be

kept in HTV News library, itself a segment of the overall HTV library

• saves and archives the rushes from the National Exchange; these rushes have become one of the greatest assets of the News Archive

Rushes are archived both on tape for HTV library , on the news server and in high resolution for items considered important or often requested. 6 hours worth of workspace has been reserved for what is called "Current Affairs Archives". It is constantly updated


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2/ Newsroom & Gallery: what has changed in their job Journalists

What they don't do yet None of them writes to picture yet while preparing packages None of them does rough audio recording yet

Producers

Directors

What they do Journalists give their rushes to the Media Desk

people for ingest. A few journalists have learned to do it themselves; some are still getting away with it...

Journalists can do rough cuts in low resolution on their own. They edit their text using the Media Browse software (browse and edit function and iNews plug-in).

More and more journalists are writing down captions in packages.

What they do They have better control over the News

production process and they can view packages from their desktop;

They can react promptly and change the

rundown in case of breaking news; they are present in the control room,

they do the "backstage" work and have better communication with the anchor.

What they do • The Director is the boss (really)! • They no longer work with tapes (only for back up)

or paper; • They have more responsibility by having better

control during the playout. Almost everything is done by a single push on a button.

• The playout is implemented with 4 Avid AirSpace servers with 2 outputs (one "on-air"; one for back up); the Avid iNews ControlAir and the Avid Unity Transfer Manager.


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Craft editors

3/ Newsroom systems administrators: a critical function

• A team of 8 administrators has been constituted: they work in shifts of 2/3 administrators. They are available 365 days a year. They are available "on-site", in the newsroom, 20 hours/day. The remaining 4 hours, they can be reached by phone.

• They provide first-level support and ensure the maintenance of the systems and prevent failure in order to ensure broadcast continuity.

• They also serve as a "Help-Desk": they do provide help as soon as possible and beyond that, are there to make people understand the purpose of technology

• Their mission is also to explore and test new technologies and equipments. They also document changes

• In addition to this, and for about 20% of their working time, system administrators are also responsible for Teletext servers, EBUPop/ SuperPOP server, commercial automation system (SeaChange/Etere), SmartJog server (receiving of movies, series, documentary program and so on), servers for panorama cameras and Technological network administration.

What they do • Craft editors finalizes in high resolution stories

which have been rough cut by journalists in low resolution. They use NewsCutter Adrenaline or Newscutter XP (including 1 Newscutter XP mobile)

• They can check the rundown and edit to the text • they can capture raw material from central storage • they send finished items directly to the playout

server and they back up finished items on tape.

• There has not been any lay-offs and the number of craft editors has not changed. However, craft editors have become more efficient as the number of newscasts has gone up to 24 every day.

2006 ebu training croatian tv newsroom

Documents

htv news zagreb

htv news department

thematic visit visit

htv news media deskb

platformiii htv newsroom

new news directorsept

hrt news daktilobiroseptember

introductionhrt tv news