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Mark Scheme (Results)Summer 2007

GCSE

GCSE Religious Studies (5581)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

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(c) Explain why Adam is important in Islam.

The main reasons are: He is the first prophet of Allah mentioned in the Quran He is the first khalifah of Allah He was taught the nature of all things by Allah He was the first to teach the message of Allah He made a mistake, but confessed at Arafat, and was forgiven by Allah He built the original Kabah in Makkah

Other approaches are possible and must be marked according to the levels. If you are unsure of the validity of an answer, it must be sent to review. Simplereference to Adam as the first man/prophet/khalifah, without any furtherqualification or explanation is max L1 .

Award marks as follows:

L1 one reason or a description

2 marks

L2 two reasons OR one developed reason

4 marks

L3 Three reasons OR one reason and one developed reason OR one fully developed reason

6 marks

L4 Four reasons OR two developed reasons

OR one fully developed reason and one basic reason OR one comprehensive explanation

8 marks

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(d) The mercy and compassion of Allah is seen everywhere in the world

Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion, showing you have consideredanother point of view.

Reasons for supporting this statement could be: The way in which everything in life is provided for the benefit of people The way in which Allah protects and supports his people wherever they

areReasons for not supporting this statement could be:

There is a lot of suffering in the world The laws of nature are about the survival of the fittest

If you are unsure about the validity of reasons, you must send to review.


L1 One point of view with a supporting reason 1 mark

L2 Two different points of view with one supporting reason foreach view

OR One point of view with more than one supporting reasonor a developed reason

2 marks

L3 One point of view with supporting reasons (or a developedreason) plus a different point of view with one supportingreason

Two points of view with supporting reasons for each

3 marks

L4 Evaluation of two different points of view with supporting reasons (ora developed reason) for each view:

EITHER showing clearly which they think is the stronger pointof view

OR showing clearly that they think both points of view areequally valid.

4 marks

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QUESTION 2

(a) What is Khalifah ?


Correct answer Custodian (or steward) of the world for Allah (must mention Allah for 2

marks) A ruler of the Muslim community

2 marks

Partially correct answer Custodian (or steward) Ruler

1 mark

Any alternative wording of the above points is acceptable.

(b) Outline the teaching of Islam about the holy books other t han the Quran. Allah has revealed his will to different people at different times E.g. he has revealed the Torah through Musa and the Injil through Isa

(books of Hadith are not revelations therefore no marks) These revelations have been distorted through tradition The authentic message has been lost Only the revelation of the Quran is authentic for all time The Peoples of the Book are to be treated with respect

Other approaches are possible and must be marked according to the levels. If you are unsure of the validity of an answer, it must be sent to review.


L1 any one correct teaching 2 marks

L2 two correct teachings OR one developed

4 marks

L3 three correct teachings OR two teachings with one developed OR one fully developed teaching

6 marks

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(c) Explain why the ummah is important for Muslims.

The main reasons are: It embraces and binds together all Muslims, whatever their human

differences Allah makes no distinction within the community It is the living proof of the true unity of Islam It is the duty of all Muslims to maintain the unity of the ummah The ummah means that Muslims should support each other, eg through

zakah The ummah affirms that all Muslims are equal before Allah, eg at prayer Allah is one, therefore requires unity in humanity and the ummah


Award marks as follows:L1 one reason

OR a description2 marks


4 marks

L3 three reasons OR one reason and one developed reason OR one fully developed reason

6 marks

L4 Four reasons

OR two developed reasons OR one fully developed reason and one basic reason OR one comprehensive explanation

8 marks

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(d) Only the judgement of Allah makes life fair.Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion, showing you have consideredanother point of view.

Reasons for supporting this statement could be: The injustices and inequalities of life are resolved on the Day of

Judgement Allah is the only one who can be relied on to reward or punish justly

Reasons for not supporting this statement could be: Life is unfair anyway, because the wicked prosper and the innocent

suffer There is no afterlife when the injustices of life can be balanced




L2 Two different points of view with one supporting reason for each view

OR One point of view with more than one supporting reason or adeveloped reason

2 marks

L3 One point of view with supporting reasons (or a developedreason) plus a different point of view with one supporting reason


3 marks

L4 Evaluation of two different points of view with supporting reasons (or adeveloped reason) for each view:

EITHER showing clearly which they think is the stronger point of

view OR showing clearly that they think both points of view are equally

valid.

4 marks

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QUESTION 3

(a) What is Makkah?


Correct answer The city in Saudi Arabia Where the Kabah is The place where the Prophet was born The direction in which Muslims face to pray The place where Muslims go on Hajj

2 marks

Partially correct answer A city A holy place where Islam started


(b) Describe how Shiah Muslims celebrate 10 Muharram.

The main features are They remember the death of Imam Hussain Re-enacting the events of Karbala They join in processions in which they express their grief for this event They express their willingness to become martyrs They attend special congregational prayers They visit Karbala

If you are unsure of the validity of an answer , it must be sent to review.Award marks as follows:

L1 any one correct feature 2 marks

L2 two correct features OR one developed

4 marks

L3 three correct features OR two features with one developed

6 marks

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(c) Explain why the work of the Prophet in Madinah is important for Muslims.

The main reasons are: His action in reconciling the Ansar and Muhajirun into a single

community was the basis on which the ummah developed His leadership of the community showed that he was chosen by Allah He established the first mosque and basic rules for the Muslim

community He established universal principles such as zakah and the avoidance of

riba as the basis of community life




2 marks


4 marks


6 marks

L4 Four reasons OR two developed reasons OR one fully developed reason and one basic reason OR one comprehensive explanation

8 marks

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(d) The Quran is the only true guidance for Muslims.Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion, showing you have consideredanother point of view.

Reasons for supporting this statement could be: It alone contains the exact words of Allah It is the final revelation from Allah and has absolute authority for all

MuslimsReasons for not supporting this statement could be:

Muslims need further guidance provided by the sayings and deeds of theProphet

To deal with modern situations, the guidance of scholars today is needed

If you are unsure about the validity of reasons, you must send to review.Answers which do not refer to a specific religion cannot go beyond level 2


L1 One point of view with a supporting reason 1 markL2 Two different points of view with one supporting reason for

each view OR One point of view with more than one supporting reason or

a developed reason

2 marks



3 marks

L4 Evaluation of two different points of view with supporting reasons (or

a developed reason) for each view: EITHER showing clearly which they think is the stronger point of

view OR showing clearly that they think both points of view are

equally valid.

4 marks

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QUESTION 4

(a) What are hadith?


Correct answer The (authenticated) sayings of the Prophet The (authenticated) deeds of the Prophet Any two (or more) named examples, eg the Sahih (Bukhari and Muslim) The Sunnah of the Prophet

2 marks

Partially correct answers could be: Sayings Deeds

1 mark


(b) Outline the work of the Prophet in Makkah.

The main features are Receiving the Quran Teaching Islam Clearing and rebuilding the Kabah Conversion of local leaders Facing persecution Conquest of Makkah

Other approaches are possible and must be marked according to the levels. If you are unsure of the validity of an answer, it must be sent to review.Award marks as follows:



4 marks


6 marks

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(c) Explain why the revelation of the Quran is important for Muslims.

The main reasons are: It is the only way by which Allah can be understood It confirms that the Quran is the word of Allah

It brings the guidance of Allah to all human beings It affirms that Muhammad is the final Prophet It carries the final authority of Allah for all Muslims



L1 one reason or a description of the revelation

2 marks


4 marks


6 marks


8 marks

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(d) All Muslim leaders should be related to the Prophet MuhammadDo you agree? Give reasons for your opinion, showing you have consideredanother point of view.

Reasons for supporting this statement could be: It would ensure that authority in the community is handed down from

generation to generation within the family chosen by Allah It is one of the principle teachings of the Shiah

Reasons for not supporting this statement could be: The connection of leadership with Muhammad is one of faith and

practice, not family descent Muslim leaders should be chosen by the community on the basis of their

piety and knowledge of the Quran

If you are unsure about the validity of reasons, you must send to review.Answers which do not refer to a religion cannot go beyond level 2.

Award marks as follows:L1 One point of view with a supporting reason 1 mark


OR One point of view with more than one supporting reason ora developed reason

2 marks



3 marks


EITHER showing clearly which they think is the stronger point of view


4 marks

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QUESTION 5

(a) What is sawm ?


Correct answer Fasting (during Ramadan) Going without food and drink (between dawn and sunset for a month) The (fourth) pillar of Islam

2 marks

Partially correct answers could be: Going without food Going without drink

1 mark


(b) Describe what happens at Mina during hajj.

The main events are: Journey to Mina for midday prayers Remain in Mina until after the night (Isha) prayers Return to Mina collecting stones on the way Stoning the devil The sacrifice of Id-ul-Adha Shaving or cutting of hair


Award marks as follows:L1 any one correct event 2 marks

L2 two correct events OR one developed

4 marks

L3 three correct events OR two events with one developed

6 marks

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(c) Explain why it is important for Muslims to prepare themselves before theypray.

The main reasons are: They must be pure when they present themselves before Allah/or

touch the Quran They are instructed to do so in the Quran and the Sunnah Purity in prayer involves both inner and outward cleanliness It is important to exclude all worldly desires and concerns to

concentrate fully on the worship of Allah The intention to pray in accordance with the will of Allah is as

important as the performance of the prayer itself



L1

one reason or a description 2 marks


4 marks


6 marks


8 marks

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(d) It doesnt matter how you earn your wealth as long as you pay zakah.Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion, showing you have consideredanother point of view.

Reasons for supporting this statement could be: Paying zakah is an obligation for a Muslim who can afford it Islam does not disapprove of wealth in itself, just its misuse

Reasons for not supporting this statement could be: It is wrong to gain your wealth by immoral means Islam expressly forbids certain ways of actually gaining wealth, e.g. riba,

gambling






2 marks



3 marks




equally valid.

4 marks

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QUESTION 6

(a) What are the jumah prayers?


Correct answer Obligatory/congregational/weekly prayer (for men) Friday midday prayers (zuhr) Prayers which include a khutbah

2 marks

Partially correct answers could be: Congregational prayers Friday prayers

1 mark


(b) Outline the practice of zakah.

The main features are: The giving of poor-due is an obligation for Muslims It applies to those who can afford to pay/reach the nisab 2.5% payable annually in cash or kind Based on residual wealth rather than income To be used for the needy (poor, widows, orphans, tax collectors, travellers

and madrasahs)


Award marks as follows:L1 any one correct feature 2 marks


4 marks


6 marks

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(c) Explain why Id-ul-Adha is an important part of the hajj.

The main reasons are: It reminds Muslims of the faith of prophet Ibrahim His faithfulness is an example to Muslims today

It increases the determination of pilgrims to resist temptation and rejectthe shaytan It is an expression of self-sacrifice, commitment and submission to Allah It encourages a spirit of sharing (food) and so strengthens the ummah




2 marks


4 marks


6 marks


8 marks

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(d) Reciting the shahadah makes you a Muslim.Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion, showing you have consideredanother point of view.

Reasons for supporting this statement could be: It is the only essential requirement for becoming a Muslim The shahadah expresses in summary the faith of a Muslim

Reasons for not supporting this statement could be: More than mere recitation is required to make a person a Muslim Only if the words are said with complete faith and trust in Allah, and

commitment and submission to him, is the recitation of the words valid






2 marks



3 marks




equally valid.

4 marks

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QUESTION 7

(a) Give one example of the lesser jihad.


Correct answer A definition implying some element of struggle Engaging in a holy war in the cause of Islam/sake of Allah Fighting to defend Islam against aggressors Defending and upholding Islam against its detractors

2 marks

Partially correct answers could be: Holy war Fighting for Islam

1 mark

Any alternative wording of the above points is acceptable: reference to anyexample of striving e.g. personally, in the cause of Islam is acceptable.

(b) Outline how the shariah affects a Muslims daily life.

The main examples are: It determines what they can or cannot eat It guides them about appropriate and inappropriate dress It guides them about different degrees of permissiveness and forbidden-

ness It guides them about matters to do with business dealings It guides them about all aspects of family life



L1 any one correct example 2 marks

L2 two correct examples OR one developed

4 marks

L3 three correct examples OR two examples with one developed

6 marks

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(c) Explain why Islamic rules about alcohol are important for Muslims today.

The main reasons are: They guard against base and irresponsible behaviour They guard against distorting the mind by increasing temptation and

reducing the will to resist evil Such rules are particularly important in a western secular context with

its permissive attitude to the consumption of alcohol They help to protect Muslim society from the harmful social

consequences of such permissiveness



L1 a description of rules about alcohol OR one reason

2 marks

L2 Two reasons OR one developed reason

4 marks


6 marks


8 marks

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(d) It does not matter what Muslims wear as long as they dress modestly.Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion, showing you have consideredanother point of view.

Reasons for supporting this statement could be: The Quran establishes the principle of modesty as the basis of any dress

code In practice, the interpretation of modesty will vary between societies

and historical periodsReasons for not supporting this statement could be:

The shariah defines for \Muslims how to interpret modesty Muslims must be even more careful about dressing modestly in western

society





a developed reason

2 marks



3 marks




equally valid.

4 marks

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QUESTION 8

(a) Give t wo examples of food which are halal.


Correct answer: any two Vegetables Fruit Meat slaughtered according Shariah law/in the name of Allah Fish Kosher meat if no Muslim slaughter is available Processed foods, eg cheese, not containing any animal products

2 marks

Partially correct answers could be: Any one of the above Lamb/chicken

1 mark

Any alternative wording of the above points is acceptable

(b) Outline what happens at the aqiqa ceremony.

The main features are: (allow) saying the adhan Relatives and friends come together seven days after a baby is born The child is given names in accordance with Muslim tradition and custom The babys head is shaved An animal is sacrificed and the meat distributed Other practices such as making donations, or sharing food, vary accordingto custom





4 marks

L3 three correct features

OR two features with one developed

6 marks

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(c) Explain why rules about riba are difficult to follow in a capitalist society.

The main reasons are: Capitalist societies operate largely on the basis of lending and interest This applies to such basic aspects of life as buying houses with a

mortgage As rules about riba undermine this approach, there is a clash of

economic principles But these rules are hard to follow when the majority in society follow a

capitalist road and difficult to operate because of the prevailingeconomic climate

But not impossible, as there are ways of avoiding compromising Islamiclaw



L1 a description of the rules of riba and capitalist societies OR one valid reason

2 marks

L2 Two reasons OR one developed reason

4 marks


6 marks


8 marks

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(d) The real jihad is the struggle for goodness in your own life.Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion, showing you have consideredanother point of view.

Reasons for supporting this statement could be: You cannot improve society until you know how to improve yourself Islam regards the inward struggle as the greater jihad

Reasons for not supporting this statement could be: The inward struggle is only in your mind; it is much harder to struggle

physically The real struggle is for the cause of Islam and you have to be prepared

to sacrifice your own life for that, which is much harder

If you are unsure about the validity of reasons, you must send to review.Answers which do not refer to one religion cannot go beyond level 2.




a developed reason

2 marks



3 marks




equally valid.

4 marks

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QUESTION 9

(a) Outline the role of the mosque in the local Muslim community.

The main roles are: A public place for congregational prayers A focus for the community to assemble with a shared Muslim identity A place of education, particularly through the madrasah A social gathering place for groups within the community such as the

elderly A focus for service in the community through schemes run by the mosque A place for weddings and funerals



L1 any one correct role 1 markL2 two correct roles

OR one developed2 marks

L3 three correct types OR two roles with one developed

3 marks

L4 Four correct roles OR two correct roles developed OR two correct roles plus one correct role developed

4 marks

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(b) Explain why there are differences in the places of worship used by Muslims.

The main reasons are: Some differences reflect the relative wealth or population of

communities Some reflect different architectural styles occasioned by location or

history There may be minor internal differences between Sunni and Shiah

mosques Some worship in adapted houses and some in purpose-built mosques A mosque is any clean place where Muslims congregate to pray Whilst there are differences, these are purely superficial, and

completely secondary to the purpose of worshipping Allah

Other approaches are possible and must be marked according to the levels. If you are unsure of the validity of an answer, it must be sent to review.If they have the question as Explain why Muslim places of worships aredifferent from the places of worship of other religions, this should be treatedas a valid response and can gain up to L4, but only if they explain why they aredifferent.We should also allow up to L4 for any who have places of worship to refer tothe communities who meet in those places and who explain differences(communal or theological) between communities.



2 marks

L2 two reasons OR one developed reason OR one developed description

4 marks


6 marks


8 marks

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(c) An imam is essential to keep the Muslim community faithful to Allah .


Reasons for supporting this statement could be: He has been properly trained in the traditional schools to act as a

gatekeeper for the community He is proficient in his knowledge of the Quran which is the foundation of

Islamic teachingReasons for not supporting this statement could be:

Muslims can be faithful to Allah by following the teaching of the Quran intheir own homes

Other teachers and guides, together with the ulema, also help to keepbelievers faithful



L1 One point of view with a supporting reason 2 marks

L2 Two different points of view with one supporting reason for each view

OR One point of view with more than one supporting reason or adeveloped reason

4 marks

L3 One point of view with supporting reasons (or a developed reason)plus a different point of view with one supporting reason


6 marks

L4 Evaluation of two different points of view with supporting reasons (or a

developed reason) for each view: EITHER showing clearly which they think is the stronger point of

view OR showing clearly that they think both points of view are equally

valid.

8 marks

]Quality of Written Communication

You must now mark the QWC for question 9

Quality 1 - relevant information has been provided in a form which suits its

purpose: add up the marks for a), b) and c). If it is 14 or more award Quality 1.

Quality 2 - legible text with spelling, grammar and punctuation accurate so thatmeaning is clear:

If you have been able to understand the answer easily and spelling mistakeshave not detracted from clear meaning, you can award Quality 2.

Quality 3 - a suitable structure and style of writing has been used: Have sentences and paragraphs been used? Have bullet points or slang

been used? If the answer to the first question is Yes and the answer to thesecond question is No, you should award Quality 3.

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QUESTION 10

a) Outline the influence of Sufism on the Muslim community in Britain.

The main factors are: individuals or groups may influence communities by emphasising the

importance of the inner spiritual experience of Allah rather than thesimple outward observance of correct ritual

some local mosques may be influenced by the leadership of a respectedpir or sheikh

some mosques may have a traditional link with a particular order of Sufis some Muslims may recognise a more general, pervasive influence in the

way in which e.g. zikr is practised



L1 any one correct factor 1 mark

L2 two correct factors OR one developed

2 marks

L3 three correct factors OR two factors with one developed

3 marks

L4 Four correct factors OR two factors developed OR two correct factors plus one correct factor developed

4 marks

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(b) Explain why Rumi is an important figure in the Sufi tradition.

The main reasons are: His spiritual poetry has been strongly influential in representing the

relationship between the believer and Allah He was the inspiration behind the Mevlevi order which focused on the

spiritual benefits of ritual dance His teaching, that self-sacrifice is experienced through the acceptance

of the will of Allah His teaching about the experience of love for and union with the divine

as the most important form of the knowledge of Allah Some of his sayings (e.g. the roads are various but the goal is one) have

passed into everyday language and influence some attitudes today




2 marks


4 marks


6 marks


8 marks

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(c) Music and dance have no place in Islam .


Reasons for supporting this statement could be: They are a dangerous distraction from the faithful practice of ones din They are an excursion into non-Islamic practices which have traditionally

been discouragedReasons for not supporting this statement could be:

They help, under proper spiritual direction, to draw the believer closerto Allah

They have never been part of the mainstream practice of Islam



L1 One point of view with a supporting reason 2 marks


OR One point of view with more than one supporting reasonor a developed reason

4 marks



6 marks


EITHER showing clearly which they think is the stronger pointof view


8 marks

Quality of Written CommunicationYou must now mark the QWC for question 10

Quality 1 - relevant information has been provided in a form which suits itspurpose:

add up the marks for a), b) and c). If it is 14 or more award Quality 1.

Quality 2 - legible text with spelling, grammar and punctuation accurate so thatmeaning is clear:

If you have been able to understand the answer easily and spelling mistakeshave not detracted from clear meaning, you can award Quality 2

Quality 3 - a suitable structure and style of writing has been used: Have sentences and paragraphs been used? Have bullet points or slang

been used? If the answer to the first question is Yes and the answer to thesecond question is No, you should award Quality 3.

2007 unit k

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