2008 indian floods

8/12/2019 2008 Indian Floods

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2008 Indian floods

2008 Indian floods

Duration 3 July 2008 - September 2008

Fatalities 2400+

Areas affected

Assam BiharMaharashtraAndhra PradeshWest BengalOrissaUttar Pradesh

The 2008 Indian floodswere a series of floods in various states ofIndiaduring the 2008

monsoonseason. The floods mostly affected the western regions ofMaharashtrastate andAndhra Pradeshas well as northernBihar.In India, the monsoon season generally lasts fromJune to September.[2]

According toMinistry of Home Affairs (India)'s disaster management unit, the countrywidedeath toll from floods in various states was 2,404 between June to September.[3]

Early monsoon

Earlier, during the start of the monsoon season,West BengalandOrissawere hit with heavyrains, creating a flood-like situation in the two states. The monsoon killed 100 people, mostly inthe country's east and north-east.[2]In Andhra Pradesh alone, 42 people died in a matter of twodays because of sudden, heavy rains.[4]

August flooding

In August, theKonkanregion ofMaharashtraexperienced heavy monsoon rains, placing lives injeopardy. Many inter-city trains betweenMumbaiandPunewere cancelled. Heavy waterlogginghad been reported fromChiplun,Rajapur,KhedandMahadin Maharashtra. On 10 August 2008,

a majorlandslidecaused extensive damage to a three-story building at theSinhgad TechnicalEducation Society's (STES) academic campus inLonavla.[5]A large number of passengers werereportedly stranded at various railway stations across western Maharashtra asCentral Railwayscanceled many trains. Vehicular traffic on theMumbai-Pune expresswaywas also affected dueto heavy rainfall and was diverted.[6]

InMumbai,heavy rains lashed the city and its suburbs, affectingtrafficand disrupting railservices on the days of 1011 August.[7]
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In Andhra Pradesh 119 relief camps were set up in the state, most of them in theGunturandKrishna districts.Hyderabad,Krishna district, and the East and West Godavari districts were theworst affected areas due to floods. The situation in Andhra Pradesh was more deadly as 53people reportedly died due to floods.[8]In Hyderabad alone 14 people were killed, when theywere crushed by the collapsing roofs of their homes.[2]

Bihar

Main article:2008 Bihar flood

Kosi river flood was the worst hit flood of India in 2008

The nexus of the Bihar flood is theKosi River's immensealluvial fan,extending some 185 kmfrom the river's exit from the HimalayasandfoothillsinNepal,down to its confluence with theGangesinBihar.The laws of geology and physics cause rivers to course back and forth acrosssuch fans in ephemeral channels lasting decades at most, but for flood control reasons man-madeembankments endeavored to contain the Koshi within a channel along its fan's western edge. On18 August, heavy monsoon rains caused the river to break out of this channel. It started flowingthrough an old channel much further east, inundating cropland and towns and villages with 1.2million inhabitants, mostly in Bihar.

Chief Minister of BiharNitish Kumarmet India Prime MinisterManmohan Singhto seek hishelp in dealing with the "catastrophe".[9][10]The worst affected districts includedSupaul,Madhepura,northBhagalpur,Araria,Purnia(all by the Kosi) andWest Champaran(by Gandak).Relief work was carried withIndian Air Forcehelicoptersdropping relief materials in the worsthit districts.[9]

The district magistrate ofMadhepurahas ordered the inhabitants of the town of Madhepura toevacuate because the water level continued to rise. Relief work was carried withIndian Air Forcehelicoptersdropping relief materials (including 600 food packets per day) from Purnia in theworst hit districts where nearly two million persons were entrapped.[9]It is not possible to assess

the magnitude of deaths or destruction, because the affected areas are totally inaccessible. Evenmobile phoneshad stopped working, because entrapped persons cannot get their batteriescharged. 150 persons were washed away in a single incident (Dainik Hindustan, Darbhangaedition). Another report says 42 people have died in the flood in Bihar.[11]

TheGovernment of Biharhas constituted a technical committee, headed by retired engineer-in-chief of the water resource department,Nilendu Sanyal,to manage the restoration work andclosure of the breach in the East Koshi afflux embankment.[11]Indian authorities were working to
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prevent further widening of the breach and channels would be dug to direct the water back to themain river bed.[12]However, Dainik Hindustan (Darbhanga edition) reported on Aug 28 thatIndian officials were chased away by anti-social elements from the breach site in Nepal. Nepal'sDefence Minister has made a statement that Nepal will repair the breach on its own, although itwas not made clear when this work will be started.

Dainik Hindustan (Darbhanga edition) later sent its reporter to the site of the Kushaha breach,who reported with photographs on Sep 5 that all earlier claims by government officials ofrepairing the breach and of Nepalis chasing away Indian officials were utterly false reports byIndian officials, because there were thick forests on the embankment and it was not possible toreach the site before the end of August. Forest on the embankment proves that these parts of Kosiembankments were not even visited for decades. Its maintenance was the responsibility ofIndian, especially Bihar's officials. The life of these embankments elapsed over two decades ago,but no effort was taken to even survey their conditions, although the Bihar government spendshuge sums on the maintenance of embankments each year.

A high-levelGovernment of Nepalteam that inspected areas devastated by the flood in theKoshiRiverhas held India responsible for the havoc. Media reports stated The devastation took placeas the Indian side did not carry out repair and maintenance work on the Kosi barrage and the

embankment along the river, thereby violating the Nepal-India Koshi agreement. As per thebilateral agreement of 1954[13][14]India is entirely responsible for repair and maintenance workand operation of the barrage.[15]There was no effort by Indian officials to repair the breach intime, although the Kosi took 15 days to make the breach.

On the other hand, Indian engineers say that anti-social elements in Nepal did not allow them torepair the embankment (Dainik Hindustan, Darbhanga edition, Aug 28). These so-called "anti-social" elements are the victims of the Kosi embankments who have been forced to bear tsunami-

like floods every year;

[16]

they are happy that the river wants to change its course. Kosiembankments are designed to contain the Kosi in the channel of the Tilyuga River, while the oldcourse of the Kosi lies far to the east in Purnia district. Later, Dainik Hindustan reported on Sep5 that Indian officials could not reach the site of breach as there were forests on the embankmentwhich were cleared in early September, hence Indian officials were lying about being preventedto repair the breach: they had not visited the site for decades due to forests in the way.

TheNew York Timesreported that it is the worst flood in the area in 50 years, promptingManmohan Singhto declare a national calamity on 28 August. The government earmarkedUS$230 million in aid for the region.[17]The Indian Army,National Disaster Response Force(NDRF)and non-governmental organizations[18]operated the biggest flood rescue operation inIndia in more than 50 years. Death tolls rose from Indian floods as more than 65 people had beenkilled in monsoon rains.[19]Villagers ate raw rice and flour mixed with polluted water inBihar,amid hunger and diseases.Supauldistrict was the worst-hit by floods and surging watersswamped 1,000 square kilometres (250,000 acres) of farmlands, destroying wheat and paddycrops.[20]
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4/4

The Kosi before it flooded in August 2008

The Kosi during the August 2008 flood

September flooding

In September, even as the Bihar floods had not receded completely, the north-eastern state ofAssamfaced floods with rising waters from theBrahmaputra River.Kaziranga National Park,which has the highest density ofrhinosin the world, was 90% submerged in water. Also,Pobitranational parkin Assam was flooded. Two rhinos have died in these floods. A tiger has killed onerhino calf. In addition, four deer and one elephant have also failed to survive. The flood situationhas affected estimated 2.1 million people and caused 24 deaths so far. Worst affected districts are

Dhubri,Jorhat,Kamrup,Lakhimpur[disambiguation needed],DhemajiandMorigaon.Thousands ofpeople are staying in makeshift shelters with the government providing food and other essentialsto the displaced people, besides healthcare facilities.[21]Indian officials say that the floodingsituation could cause anepidemic,because refugees are consuming unclean water and food inshelters.[22]

Breaches in embankments have caused these floods in Assam. Four embankments on thePuthimari River,one constructed just three months ago, were breached causing the calamity.[23]Waters have breached embankments at total 54 vital locations,[21]andwater levelsaredangerously high in about 10 points.[22]

TheIrishgovernment is sending 350,000 (Rs. 22.3 million) in aid to the victims of thefloods.[24]

EasternOrissastate and most populous northern stateUttar Pradeshwere flooded heavilycausing more than 150 deaths from September 19 to September 22.[25]Army has reached inUPto rescue at least a quarter million people and food packets have been supplied to the rescued.[26]
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2008 indian floods

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