The Relationship between Anxiety and

Speaking Performance in Online and Face-to-

face InterviewsJungtae Kim (Pai Chai University)

jungtaekim@pcu.ac.kr

Daniel Craig (Sangmyung University)

dan@danielcraig.com

Overview

IntroductionTheoretical FrameworkMethodologyResultsDiscussion

Introduction Needs of testing

more valid measures of communicative competency

Why videoconferencing? access to interviewers & cost

Videoconferencing improved quality, ubiquity, & social

acceptance.

Theoretical Framework Affective Filter

Reduced AF through CMC Anxiety

Trait (General )Test Anxiety*

StateForeign Language Anxiety (Horwitz,

2001) (Specific) Test Anxiety

* Test anxiety can be seen as trait or state. It is a trait if seen as a general response that invokes state anxiety; however, it is state if you measure anxiety for a particular instance. In our context, we used both.

Research Questions

How does mode affect participants’ anxiety levels?

How do mode and anxiety interact with performance?

Methodology

ParticipantsProcedure & MaterialsTest & Survey Administration

Data Collection & Analysis

Results: Forms, Interviewers, & Raters Test forms were equivalent (α=.83)

Mean (3.23) & SD (.62) Interviewers were equivalent

Interview Correlation coefficient .66 (p=.000<.01)

High, positive correlation between interviewers (α=.84)

Raters were equivalent High rater reliability (α=.83) Rater correlation coefficient .69

(p=.000<.01)

Results: Performance Between Modes

No significant difference on performance between modes. Paired sample t-test t(39)=.64

(p=.53>.05)

Results: Anxiety & Mode Low levels of anxiety on both modes Higher anxiety for face-to-face (f2f)

interviews Significant pre-test anxiety (t(39)=2.48,

p=.02<.05) Higher, but not significant post-test

More comfortable in f2f testing interviews Only significantly different for “how

comfortable did the interviewer make you?” (t(39)=2.66, p=.01<.05)

Results: Anxiety, Mode, & Performance a significant (p=.000) moderate,

positive correlation (.539) between scores on f2f and online interviews.

Anxiety survey after f2f interviews Significant, negative correlations between

pre- & post-test anxiety and performance on both modes.

Anxiety survey after online interviews Significant, low, negative correlation

between post-test anxiety and online interview performance.

Discussion: Mode & AnxietyResults Higher anxiety before f2f interview than

online interview. No significant difference between post-test

anxiety and modeInterpretation Face-to-face interviews are more anxiety

provoking than online interviews The process of interviewing mitigates this

difference.

Discussion: Mode, Anxiety, & Performance

Anxiety is a good indicator of performance when assessed after a f2f interview

Poor overall indicator assessed after an online interview.

Suggests performance in online interviews is less influenced by anxiety than other performance-related factors.

THE END

Thank you very muchAny Questions?

Dan CraigSangmyung Universitydan@danielcraig.comhttp://www.danielcraig.com

Jungtae KimPai Chai Universityjungtaekim@pcu.ac.kr