Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English Unit

Fall 2019 / 2020

ENG 206-PROGRAM TURKISH- MIDTERM EXAM VOCABULARY REVISION

Fill in the blanks with the words/phrases given in the following boxes. Use each word only ONCE. Do not change the words/phrases in any way.

DENTISTSΙ.decay diagnostic

abilityfloss diagnose chew

crown dentures scalpel supervise probe

extract teeth fractured teeth braces corrective surgery

graft

1. Complete _______________ are used when all the teeth are missing, while partial ones are used when some natural teeth remain as a replacement for the missing teeth and the surrounding tissues.

2. Dental caries is the medical term for tooth __________________or cavities. It is caused by acid erosion of tooth enamel.

3. Dentists ________________ the work of dental hygienists, dental assistants, and dental laboratory technicians. They have the final responsibility for all dental services in the work settings.

4. Dental ________________ are a device used in orthodontics to straighten teeth and their position with regard to a person's bite.

5. A/An ________________is a small straight knife with a thin sharp blade used in surgery and dissection.

6. The dental _______________, also called the periodontal one, comprises of a handle, a distal part or portion, and a measuring needle.

7. A/An ________________ strengthens the existing damaged tooth so as to preserve its functionality. They are restorations that protect damaged, cracked or broken down teeth.

8. Recent research indicates that diabetics have an abnormally high risk for periodontal disease. So, the dentist can ________________ diabetics while treating a periodontal disease.

9. The _______________ is gently inserted between the teeth and scraped along the teeth sides, especially close to the gums to remove food and dental plaque from the teeth. It may be flavored or unflavored, and waxed or unwaxed.

10. Dentists should get a complete health history of the patient, and record all medications the patient is currently on before they __________________.

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11. Science and new technologies are proliferating and changing the way the dentists practiceand identify the medical condition of the patient. In other words, they increase the_______________ of the dentists.

12. If someone grinds his/her teeth or chews on hard or chewy substances, he/she has an increased chance of developing _________________.

13. Orthognathic surgery refers to ________________ where the maxilla (upper jaw), the mandible (lower jaw), and dentoalveolar segments (sections of teeth) are repositioned to improve or restore bite, jaw function, facial contours, and/or speech.

14. When the primary teeth erupt, it can hurt. Therefore, many babies _________________ on things to make the pain better.

15. If the jawbone isn't thick enough or is too soft, the patient may need a bone ___________________ operation before s/he can have dental implant surgery.

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitΙΙ.prevalance medications inflamed manual

dexteritydentition infectious

specialize fill a cavity mouth tissue forceps gum straighten teeth

align

1. Some dental patients believe that they can contract _________________diseases during dental treatment.

2. Young children have deciduous ______________, popularly known as ‘milk teeth’, the first ones erupting at about six months of age.

3. Dental education is based on both didactic and practical courses; the latter requires ___________________ that is highly technical, intensive and stressful.

4. Dentists remove the decayed portion of the tooth before they ________________ on the tooth where the decayed material once lived.

5. One of the common causes and symptoms that indicate the need for endodontic (root canal) therapy is _______________ tooth pulp.

6. ______________ are used when fingers are too large to grasp small objects or when many objects need to be held at one time while the hands are used to perform a task and commonly made of high-grade carbon steel.

7. ______________ disease or periodontal disease can range from mild to severe and cause an array of symptoms such as pain, soreness, bleeding and tooth loss.

8. The results indicate that the _______________ of dental caries is high and increase with augmented sugar consumption. This may be due to a widespread neglect of oral health and an increased availability of refined sugary products.

9. Many dentists are general practitioners, which means they treat a variety of dental problems. However, some dentists _________________ in one area of dentistry.

10. There are a number of different ________________ the dentist may prescribe, depending on the condition. Some of them are prescribed to fight certain oral diseases, to prevent or treat infections, or to control pain and relieve anxiety.

11. Dentists examine patients' teeth and _______________ in order to diagnose and treat problems.

12. Adults may receive treatment to _______________ by an orthodontist to correct crooked, misaligned teeth or teeth gaps.

13. When teeth do not ____________________ correctly or when they are too crowded, orthodontic treatment may be necesssary to prevent further problems.

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DENTAL MORPHOLOGY

Ι.root enamel dentin incisors grind

cementum tooth surface incise adjacent teeth molars

1.______________ meets the enamel at the neck of the tooth and it has no nerve supply.

2. The _________________ ______________ food just like a mill does to produce grain.

3. Unlike skins or bones, the tooth _______________, which forms the hard surface of a tooth, does not regenerate itself once damaged.

4. Human ________________ have thin, blade-like crowns which are adapted for the cutting and shearing of food.

5. ___________________ loss is a process that results in non-carious lesions. Several categories exist, including erosion, attrition, abrasion, and abfraction.

6. After the dentist removes the pulp, the ________________ canal is cleaned and sealed off to protect it.

7. If the wisdom teeth do not have an open connection to the mouth, pain can develop with the onset of inflammation or infection or damage to the _____________________.

8. __________________ is a dense matrix of minerals, primarily calcium, and it serves to protect the sensitive pulp of the tooth and create a base under the enamel, or outer coating of the tooth.

9. Incisors have a straight edge to _______________ or cut food.

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ΙΙ.premolars wisdom tooth occlusion masticate alveolar bone

periodontal ligament

crown pulp canine

1. When the person closes his/her mouth the teeth of the upper and lower arches interdigit with one another. This in scientific words is called __________________.

2. There are good reasons for removing wisdom teeth also known as third _______________, as there are also some risks and complications that are possible when extracting these teeth.

3. Dental _______________ is made up of living soft tissue and cells and it is surrounded by dentin and contains nerves and blood vessels.

4. Dental ______________ anchors teeth to mandible and maxilla bones through a ____________________.

5. Tooth enamel is a protective tooth structure that covers the exposed part of a tooth, the ___________________.

6. ___________________ is another name for any one of four third molars found in the permanent dentition (adult teeth).

7. In mammalian oral anatomy, the _______________ teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, fangs, or in the case of those of the upper jaw, eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth.

8. Missing teeth, due to dental caries and periodontitis are common in the elderly, andreduce their ability to ____________________.

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ORAL HYGIENE/ ORAL HYGIENE FOR CHILDRENΙ.bacteria bleeding gums sealants gingivitis brushing

processtoxic calculus regimen saliva get rid of

thorough brushing

periodontitis inflammation debris swallow

1. In dentistry, _______________ is a form of hardened dental plaque and is synonymous with tartar.

2. It is known that _________________ is the common factor linking dental disease to systemic diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes and some cancers.

3. Dental cavities, also known as dental caries, are simply holes in teeth caused by ______________, the microscopic germs that live in the mouth.

4. Alcohol-free fluoride mouthwashes provide additional cavity protection for those who wish to supplement their daily dental ______________ .

5. To ________________ stains on the teeth, professional tooth whitening can be applied by the dentist.

6. Although ______________ and flossing can remove food particles and plaque from smooth surfaces of teeth, they cannot always get into all the nooks and crannies of the back teeth.

7. The entire _________________ takes between three to five minutes to complete. The aim is to clean all the surfaces of the teeth.

8. Dental _______________ are thin plastic coatings that are applied to the chewing surfaces of the back teeth to prevent decay.

9. ______________ is an inflammation of the gums surrounding the teeth. It is one of many periodontal diseases that affect the health of the periodontium, tissues that surround the teeth and include the gums, soft tissues, and bone.

10. Some researchers warn that a substance used in dental fillings might be ______________.

11. It is well known that severe reduction of the _________________ flow rate can favor the progression of caries.

12. _________________ is a severe form of gingivitis in which the inflammation of the gums extends to the supporting structures of the tooth.

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13. _________________ are quite common in pregnancy as hormone changes weaken the connective tissue in the gingivae.

14. Flossing prevents the formation of plaque, removes plaque between the teeth, and removes food _________________.

15. When children_____________________ their toothpaste it gives them high concentration of fluoride in their blood supply and this can adversely affect the development of their teeth.

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitΙΙ.preventive permanent restore balanced

dietirritation plaque

loose teeth dental fluorosis

monitor fluoridated soft-bristled toothbrush

1. _______________ can be defined as a complex microbial community, with greater than 1010 bacteria per milligram. It has been estimated that as many as 400 distinct bacterial species may be found in it.

2. ________________ indicate that something is wrong since teeth are not supposed to move. The most common cause is loss of supporting bone from periodontal disease.

3. Dental Implants are an appropriate solution if the patient is missing one tooth or an entire mouthful of teeth. So, they are used to ______________ the patients’ natural smiles.

4. Orthodontic discomfort is a common response to the adjustment of braces. Typically, _______________ is greatest when braces are initially put on, and then when they are adjusted during the course of treatment.

5. Children must have a ________________ for their teeth to develop properly and for healthy gum tissue around the teeth.

6. The removal of wisdom teeth is one of the most feared dental procedures. Most dentists _______________ the growth and placement of teeth during adolescence. They recommend the removal, when the time is appropriate for the patient’s age and development of teeth.

7. Dental _________________ is a medical condition which is caused by a child ingesting too much fluoride during the period when their teeth are developing. This key period is between the ages of 1 and 4 years old when permanent teeth form beneath the baby teeth.

8. Many dentists consider oral hygiene instruction (OHI) a very important _______________ measure.

9. Most dental professionals agree that a ___________________ is best for removing plaque and debris from the teeth.

10. Fluoride is an important part of the child's dental health, but too much oral fluoride can cause _______________ stains on the child's teeth.

11. ________________ water is thought to protect teeth against cavities and root caries, and helps remineralize early carious lesions.

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitTYPES OF GUM DISEASESdeteriorate reversible pocket recession susceptible

pus germ suture inadequate oral hygiene

bone destruction

familial aggregation

immunosuppression

1. Dentin and cementum are more __________________ to caries than enamel because they have lower mineral content.

2. The ability to ________________ is one of the essential skills required of anyone planning to perform surgery. Although it can appear to be a simple procedure, it requires a sound understanding of the biology of wound healing, good hand–eye coordination,and good judgment.

3. What most people don't realise is that ____________________can lead to tooth loss, bone loss and contribute to the development of heart disease.

4. As a consequence of periodontitis, a gap, __________________, develops between the tooth and gum. If left untreated, the tooth may slowly loosen and eventually fall out.

5. In the early stage of gum disease, called gingivitis, the gums become red, swell, and bleed easily. The disease is still ____________________ at this stage, and can usually be eliminated by careful daily brushing and flossing.

6. Because there is no tooth or implant stimulating the jawbone, the natural bone underneath a tooth-supported bridge may __________________ over time changing the appearance of the smile and face.

7. Aggressive periodontitis is a multifactorial disease with strong ______________________. Genetic linkage analysis is a method to localize causative or predisposing genes along the chromosome, thus helping to unravel important pathogenic pathways.

8. Aggressive periodontitis displays rapid ______________________ and attachment loss in clinically healthy patients.

9. From universal precaution measures to barriers and special cleaning methods, the dental staff does a lot to protect the patient from ___________________ , bacteria and viruses.

10. A dental abscess, or tooth abscess, is an accumulation of __________________ that forms inside the teeth or gums.

11. ___________________ is inability to fight infection. It may result from certain diseases, such as AIDS or lymphoma, or from certain drugs, or those used to treat cancer.

12. Gingival __________________ refers to the progressive loss of gum tissue, which can eventually result in tooth root exposure if left untreated.

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitVOCABULARY REVISION ANSWER KEY

DENTISTSΙ.1. dentures2. decay3. supervize4. braces5. scalpel6. probe7. crown8. diagnose9. floss10. extract teeth11. diagnostic ability12. fractured teeth13. corrective surgery14. chew15. graftΙΙ.

1. infectious2. dentition3. manual dexterity4. fill a cavity5. inflamed6. forceps7. gum8. prevalance9. specialize10. medications11. mouth tissue 12. straighten teeth13. align

DENTAL MORPHOLOGYΙ.1. cementum2. grind3. enamel4. incisors5. tooth surface6. root7. adjacent teeth8. dentin9. incise

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitΙΙ.

1. occlusion2. molars3. pulp4. alveolar bone/ periodontal ligament5. crown6. wisdom tooth7. canine8. masticate

ORAL HYGIENE & ORAL HYGIENE FOR CHILDRENΙ.1. calculus2. inflammation3. bacteria 4. regimen5. get rid of 6. thorough brushing7. brushing process8. sealants 9. gingivitis10. toxic11. saliva12. periodontitis13. bleeding gums14. debris15. swallowΙΙ.

1. plaque2. loose teeth3. restore4. irritation5. balanced diet6. monitor7. dental fluorosis8. preventive9. soft-bristled toothbrush10. fluoridated water

TYPES OF GUM DISEASES1. susceptible2. suture3. inadequate oral hygiene4. pocket5. reversible6. deteriorate7. familial aggregation8. bone destruction9. germ10. pus11. immunosuppression12. recession

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitWRITING

Write a GENERAL ESSAY in 220-250 words to an academic audience on the topic given. You can use the ideas given in the table below or use your own ideas to support your essay. Make sure your essay is well organised, has unity and coherence.

TOPIC: The benefits of proper brushing

POINTS• Good oral hygiene• Avoidance of bad breath• Less chance for oral diseases

WRITING

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitWrite a GENERAL ESSAY in 220-250 words to an academic audience on the topic given. You can use the ideas given in the table below or use your own ideas to support your essay. Make sure your essay is well organised, has unity and coherence.

TOPIC: Oral hygiene facts

POINTS• Proper brushing/ flossing• Healthy diet• Regular dental visits

WRITING

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitWrite a GENERAL ESSAY in 220-250 words to an academic audience on the topic given. You can use the ideas given in the table below or use your own ideas to support your essay. Make sure your essay is well organized, has unity and coherence.

TOPIC: Advantages of dentures

POINTS• support daily activities like chewing and talking• be useful for filling gaps of missing teeth• be available in several types as full and partial sets

WRITING

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitWrite a GENERAL ESSAY in 220-250 words to an academic audience on the topic given. You can use the ideas given in the table below or use your own ideas to support your essay. Make sure your essay is well organized, has unity and coherence.

TOPIC: Qualities of a good dentist

POINTS• should be patient and caring• should communicate with the patients well• should have problem-solving skills

ACTIVE VOCABULARY LIST

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitREADING 1. DENTISTS

decay (n.) diagnostic ability (a. /phr).

floss (v.) diagnose (v.) chew ( v. )

crown (n.) dentures (n.) scalpel (n.) supervise (v.) probe (n.)

extract teeth(v./phr.)

fractured teeth(a. /phr).

braces (n.) corrective surgery (a. /phr).

graft (n.)

prevalance(n.) medications(n.)

inflamed manual dexterity(a./phr.)

dentition(n.) infectious(a.)

specialize (v.) fill a cavity(v./phr.)

mouth tissue (n./phr.)

forceps (n.) gum(n.) straighten teeth (v./phr.)

align (v.)

READING 2. DENTAL MORPHOLOGY

root(n.) enamel(n.) dentin(n.) incisors(n.) grind(v.)

cementum(n.) tooth surface(n./phr.)

incise(v.) adjacent teeth(a./phr.)

molars(v.)

premolars(n.) wisdom tooth(n./phr.)

occlusion(n.) masticate(v.) alveolar bone(n./phr.)

periodontal ligament (a./phr.)

crown(n.) pulp(n.) canine(n.)

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Başkent University School of Foreign Languages Academic English UnitREADING 3/ 4. ORAL HYGIENE/ ORAL HYGIENE FOR CHILDREN

bacteria(n.) bleeding gums(a./phr.)

sealants(n.) gingivitis(n.) brushing process (n./phr.)

toxic(a.) calculus(n.) regimen(n.) saliva(n.) get rid of(v.)

thorough brushing(a./phr.)

periodontitis(n.) inflammation(n.)

debris(n.) swallow(v.)

preventive(a.) permanent restore(v.) balanced diet (a./phr.)

irritation(n.) plaque(n.)

loose teeth(a./phr.)

dental fluorosis(a./phr.)

monitor(v.) fluoridated(a.) soft-bristled toothbrush(a./phr.)

READING 5. TYPES OF GUM DISEASES

deteriorate (v.) reversible (a.) pocket (n.)

recession (n.)

susceptible (a.)

pus (n.) germ (n.) suture (v.) inadequate oral hygiene (a./phr.)

bone destruction (n./phr.)

familial aggregation(a./phr.)

immunosuppression(n.)

n. noun n./phr. noun phrase p./phr. prepositional phrasev. verb v./phr. verb phrasea. adjective a/phr. adjective phrase

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