2010 released sol - augusta county public schools · here is the screen shot from the released sol...

5/19/2015 2010 Released SOL

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Multiple ResponseIdentify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Directions: Click on the correct answers.

1. According to the periodic table of the elements, which elements belong to the same period?a. Aluminum d. Arsenicb. Germanium e. Galliumc. Antimony

RESPONSE: B,D,EANSWER: B,D,E

A row is known as a period, so we need all the elements in the same row.POINTS: 1 / 1

Numeric Response

Directions: Type your answer in the box. Use “+” and “” for the electrical charge.

2. What is the oxidation number of an oxide ion?

RESPONSE: 2ANSWER: 2

or 2(oxide is the ionic version of oxygen and group 16 on the periodic table form2 ions due to the fact that this column has 6 valence electrons and need togain 2 more electrons. Since electrons are negative, gaining two makes anegative 2 charge).

POINTS: 1 / 1 Directions: Type your answer in the box. Your answer must use significant digits.

3. What is the density of an aqueous solution (in g/mL) that has a mass of 10.081 g and 12.5mL?

RESPONSE: 0.806ANSWER: .806

or 0.806(D=m/V; D=10.081/12.5=.80648. But we also must use sig figs accordingto the directions. 10.081 has 5; 12.5 has 3 so our answer can only have 3 sigfigs)

POINTS: 1 / 1 Directions: Type your answer in the box.

Name: Score: 46 / 46 points (100%)

2010 Released SOL



4. Calculate the number of moles of Li3PO4 in 2.2 L of a 0.60 M Li3PO4 solution.

RESPONSE: 1.32ANSWER: 1.32

Acceptable answers are: 1, 1., 1.3, 1.32, 1.33, 1.4, 2, or 2.

M=mol/L

0.60 = x/2.2

x= 1.32POINTS: 1 / 1 Directions: Type your answer in the box.

5. An expandable container of oxygen gas has a volume of 125 mL at a temperature of25.0°C. What volume (in mL) will the gas occupy at 55.0°C?

RESPONSE: 137.6ANSWER: 137.6

Acceptable answers are: 130, 130., 137, 137., 137.5, 137.6, 138, 138., 140,or 140.First, we need the temperature in Kelvin (+273) for this problem. Then, youcan either use the PTV trick I have shown you in class (and below) or youcan use the formula V1/T1=V2/T2.

=137.6

POINTS: 1 / 1 Directions: Click and drag the correct answers to the boxes.Note that I am unable to have you complete these directions as stated. Instead type youranswer exactly as they would appear in the boxes.

6. Create the formula for diboron trioxide using the symbols provided.



RESPONSE: B2O3ANSWER: B2O3

First elements need to start with capital letters so we have to use the B and Ofor boron and oxygen. Second, the prefixes tell you how many of each youhave. di means 2 so there are 2 borons while tri means 3, so 3 oxygens. These numbers would appear in the subscript positions.

Here is the screen shot from the releasedSOL document

POINTS: 1 / 1

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

C 7. A student measures the mass of a 1.00 g aluminum rod as 0.99g. The best estimate of thepercent error associated with this measurement is a. 0.01% c. 1%b. 0.1% d. 10%

ANSWER: CPercent Error = (AcceptedExperimental)/Accepted x 100(1.000.99)/1.00x100=1%

POINTS: 1 / 1

B 8. The most efficient way to determine whether a reaction is an exothermic chemical reactionis to use



a. an oxygen probe c. a pressure probeb. a temperature probe d. a pH probe

ANSWER: Bexothermic reactions release heat and will feel warm/hot to the observer. As aresult, a temperature probe can be used to determine if the reaction isincreasing in temperature.

POINTS: 1 / 1

D 9. 2Al(C2H3O2)3 + 3BaSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(C2H3O2)2

Which type of chemical reaction does this equation represent?a. Synthesis c. Oxidationreductionb. Neutralization d. Double replacement

ANSWER: DNot Synthesis This type of reaction results in the creation of 1 compoundfrom many reactantsNot Neutralization This type of reaction results in an acid (starts with H) anda base (ends with OH) making water (results from the H and OH combining)and a saltNot a Redox (Oxidationreduction) because all the oxidation numbers of theelements stay the same on the reactant and product sideIt is a double replacement Al and Ba switched the anion they are with.

POINTS: 1 / 1

C 10. What is the molarity of a solution with 0.2 moles of potassium permanganate (KMnO4)dissolved in enough water to make a 500.0 mL solution?a. 0.0004 M c. 0.4 Mb. 0.1 M d. 100 M

ANSWER: Cmolarity is mol/L. M=0.2mol/0.500L=0.4M(500mL > L; you have to divide by 1000)

POINTS: 1 / 1

C 11. When 92.0 g of ethanol (C2H5OH) are vaporized at its boiling point of 78.3ºC, it requires78.6 kJ of energy. What is the approximate molar heat of vaporization of ethanol inkJ/mol?a. 0.854 c. 39.3b. 1.17 d. 78.3

ANSWER: CThe told you that you need kJ/mol, so divide the kJ by moles. (Note:temperature doesn’t play a part in molar heat of vaporization because heatequals moles times molar heat of vaporization)

So, turn the grams to moles 92.0g x ( )=2 mol

78.6kJ/2mol = 39.3



POINTS: 1 / 1

B 12. Which element has 16 neutrons, 15 protons, and 15 electrons?a. Sulfur (S) c. Gallium (Ga)b. Phosphorus (P) d. Zinc (Zn)

ANSWER: BThe important subatomic particle here is the proton. The number of protons =atomic number, which tells you the element is phosphorus (atomic number 15).

POINTS: 1 / 1

A 13. Al(s) + 3AgNO3(aq) Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3Ag(s)

This equation represents which type of chemical reaction?a. Singlereplacement c. Decompositionb. Doublereplacement d. Synthesis

ANSWER: ASinglereplacement element + compound > element + compound YesDoublereplacement compound + compound > compound + compound NoDecomposition 1 substance breaks down to 2 or more NoSynthesis 2 or more substance combine to make 1 No

POINTS: 1 / 1

C 14. In the formula for barium chloride, (BaCl2), barium (Ba) is written first because it is a. a single atom c. the positive ionb. a larger ion d. the negative ion

ANSWER: CWhen writing a chemical formula, the first ion is positive (the cation) and thesecond is negative (anion)

POINTS: 1 / 1

C 15. Which of these laboratory techniques is best to separate a solid from a liquid to recover theliquid?a. Titration c. Filteringb. Chromatography d. Vaporization

ANSWER: CTitration experiment usually with acids and bases that is used to determinethe concentration of an unknown substance NoChromatography uses a mobile and stationary phase to separate a mixture ofvarious types of phases, but it usually separates gases from gases or liquidsfrom liquids Not the best choiceFiltering separates the liquid and the solid. The solid would get stuck in thefilter and the liquid is collected in another container YesVaporization separates a liquid and a solid by the liquid would escape as itevaporated No



POINTS: 1 / 1

A 16. Which of these is NOT required to ensure that stock solutions are free of contamination?a. Store all solutions in brown bottlesb. Do not place dropping pipettes in stock solution bottlesc. Never return excess chemicals to stock bottlesd. Replace tops on reagent bottles after use

ANSWER: AStore all solutions in brown bottles Colored bottles can help some substancesfrom breaking down, but it is not required to keep contaminants out of thebottle YesDo not place dropping pipettes in stock solution bottles any contaminant onthe pipette would get into the solution and cause contamination NoNever return excess chemicals to stock bottles any contaminant on the excesschemicals would get into the solution and cause contamination NoReplace tops on reagent bottles after use this would prevent contaminantsfrom falling into the bottle No

POINTS: 1 / 1

D 17. Which of these values is most responsible for changing the boiling and freezing points of asolvent?a. Molar mass of the solvent c. Weight of the solute particlesb. Electronegativity of the solvent d. Number of solute particles

ANSWER: DColligative properties like boiling point elevation and freezing point depressiondepend on the concentration of the solute in the solvent in molality, so it wouldbe the number of dissolved particles

POINTS: 1 / 1

A 18. What is the name of the compound with the formula NH4NO3?a. Ammonium nitrate c. Nitrogen hydrogen oxideb. Nitrogen nitrate d. Ammonium nitrogen trioxide

ANSWER: ANH4+ is known as ammonium and NO3 is called nitrate

POINTS: 1 / 1

B 19. N2(g) + 3F2(g) 2NF3(g)

Equilibrium has been reached for the reaction shown. Which conclusion is correct?a. The N2 and F2 together will form at a faster rate than the NF3.b. The partial pressures of N2, F2, and NF3 will stay constant.c. The NF3 will form at a faster rate than the N2 and F2 together.d. The partial pressure of NF3 will keeping changing.

ANSWER: BEquilibrium is when the forward and reverse rate are equal. With this in mind



choice a and c could not be the answer. And according to Le Chatelier’sprinciple, changing the pressure of a system would add stress that would resultin the equilibrium to shift. As a result, d would not be an option because thiswould mean that it wouldn’t be in equilibrium. b would have to be the answerbecause the equal rates would keep the pressures constant.

POINTS: 1 / 1

A 20. If 89.6 joules of heat are needed to heat 20.0 grams of iron from 30.0°C to 40.0°C, what is

the specific heat of the iron in ?

a. 0.448 c. 8.96b. 2.23 d. 896

ANSWER: Aq=mcpT89.6=(20)(x)(4030)89.6=200xx=89.6/200=0.448

or, they said they wanted the answer in , so if we plug the numbers in

their spots = 0.448

POINTS: 1 / 1

B 21. Which of the four substances on this pH scale is slightly basic?

a. Calcium hydroxide c. Whole milkb. Human blood d. Lemon juice

ANSWER: B



A pH of 7 is neutralless than 7 is an acidgreater than 7 is a baseWe want the option that is slightly greater than 7

POINTS: 1 / 1

A 22. Which element will most likely form covalent bonds with fluorine?a. Carbon c. Neonb. Potassium d. Tin

ANSWER: ACovalent bonds are between 2 nonmetals (ionic would have a metal andnonmetal)Fluorine is a nonmetal so we need another nonmetalcarbon is a nonmetal yespotassium is a metal noneon is a nonmetal, but it is also a noble gas. Therefore it is extremely stableand does not react to make compounds notin is a metal no

POINTS: 1 / 1

D 23. The physical process of evaporation involves a. ion formation c. transferring valence electronsb. electron sharing d. overcoming intermolecular forces

ANSWER: DFor something to evaporate, the molecules have to have enough energy to getaway from each other and overcome any attraction they have with each other. inter means between so intermolecular forces are the forces between themolecules. This is what needs to be broken.

POINTS: 1 / 1

C 24. ___ C2H4 + _?_O2 ___CO2 + ___ H2O

How many moles of O2 are in the chemical equation when balanced using the lowest wholenumbers?a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2

ANSWER: CWhen the equation is balanced, we would have the coefficients (and thereforerelative moles) of: _1_ C2H4 + _3_O2 _2_CO2 + _2_ H2O

POINTS: 1 / 1

B 25.



While English physicist J.J. Thomson was carrying out experiments on cathode rays, hewas able to determine that the rays consisted of particles he classed “corpuscles.” Theseparticles were later namesa. protons c. gamma raysb. electrons d. neutrons

ANSWER: BJ.J. Thomson discovered the electron using the cathode ray experiment; plusthe diagram shows the particle leaving the negative side and being attracted tothe positive anode. Since electrons a negative, it can be concluded that theparticle is the electron.

POINTS: 1 / 1

D 26. In the Haber process, nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) are directly combined to formammonia (NH3). Which illustration contains the stoichiometric quantities of the reactantsfor this reaction?

a. c.



b. d.

ANSWER: DFor every N, we need 3 H (NH3). The illustration that shows this ratio is

because 4:12 reduces to 1:3POINTS: 1 / 1

C 27.

A beaker of water is placed in a large sealed jar that is attached to a vacuum pump. As airis pumped out of the jar, the water begins to boil because a. the temperature of the water decreases as the surrounding pressure decreasesb. the lower pressure inside the jar causes the water to contractc. the air pressure in the jar has been lowered until it is equal to the vapor pressure of

the waterd. the pressure on the water is insufficient to hold the hydrogen and oxygen atoms

together, resulting in a decomposition reaction



ANSWER: CTo evaporate, the water molecules have to be able to get away from eachother. However, at normal pressure, the water molecules that try to leave runinto air molecules that knock them back into the liquid in the beaker. As thepump removes the air molecules, the water molecules can start to escape. So,choice c is the option that describes this the best.

POINTS: 1 / 1

B 28. How many moles are in 2.04 x 1024 molecules of H2O?a. 0.295 mol c. 1.13 x 1024 molb. 3.39 mol d. 1.44 x 1048 mol

ANSWER: Buses Avogadro’s Number:

2.04 x 1024 molecules x =3.3887

POINTS: 1 / 1

D 29. What is the name for FeCl3 using the IUPAC nomenclature rules?a. Iron chloride c. Iron trichlorideb. Iron (II) chloride d. Iron (III) chloride

ANSWER: DIUPAC stands for The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry andis the current way for naming compounds. In this case, you would have torealize that Fe is a metal, therefore you have an ionic compound. Ioniccompounds don’t use prefixes so Iron trichloride is out as a choice. Next, wehave to see that iron is a transition element (metal) with more than oneoxidation number, so a roman numeral is needed (eliminates Iron chloride). Since the oxidation of the Fe in this compound is +3 (+3x1Fe = 1x3Cl), theroman numeral needs to be a 3 to match this charge.

POINTS: 1 / 1

C 30. Which of these correctly describes how organic catalysts operate in biological reactions?a. They are used up in the reactions.b. They lower the overall energy of the reactions.c. They lower the activation energy of the reactions.d. They keep the temperature of the reactions constant.

ANSWER: CCatalyst speed up the reaction by lowering the activation energy.

POINTS: 1 / 1

A 31. What volume will 35.9 g of hydrogen gas (H2) occupy at STP?a. 399 L c. 804 Lb. 798 L d. 1,620 L

ANSWER: ASTP means standard temperature and pressure, which means you can use 22.4



L/molIn this problem, we are going to have to change the grams of H2 to moles usingthe molar mass of H2 and then change those moles to L using the 22.4. Note:they used the entire atomic mass of H to get the answer. If you used 1.0 forhydrogen and got an answer of 402, you would have to notice that 399L is theclosest answer and the difference is the rounding.

35.9g x x =398.91

H>1.00794x2=2.01588POINTS: 1 / 1

B 32. ___ Ca(NO3)2 + _?_H3PO4 ___Ca3(PO4)2 + ___ HNO3

When this equation is balanced, the coefficient in front of H3PO4 is a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

ANSWER: BWhen the equation is balanced, we would have the coefficients of:_3_ Ca(NO3)2 + _2_H3PO4 _1_Ca3(PO4)2 + _6_ HNO3

POINTS: 1 / 1

D 33. Increasing the volume of a sealed container will cause the gas particles within the containerto a. form a liquid c. increase in molecular attractionb. collide more frequently d. exhibit lower pressure

ANSWER: DBy increasing the volume, you are giving the molecules more room, therefore:form a liquid incorrect, you would have to force the gas particles together tomake them turn into a liquidcollide more frequently incorrect, you gave them more room so they willcollide less frequentlyincrease in molecular attraction incorrect, you gave them more space so theywill have less opportunity to be attracted to each otherexhibit lower pressure correct, and this follows Boyle’s law, as volumeincreases, pressure decreases

POINTS: 1 / 1

D 34. Melting Point Results (°C)

Trial Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 41 113 114 116 1102 111 115 113 1113 110 111 114 1114 110 110 113 110

Each of four groups of students determine and recorded the melting point of a solidcompound. If the actual melting point is 113°C, which group has the best precision?



a. Group 1 c. Group 3b. Group 2 d. Group 4

ANSWER: DPrecision is how close your numbers are to each other, so the 113°C isirrelevant to this problem. (It would only be used for accuracy; how close thegroup is to the correct answer). Plus, make sure you are reading down thecolumns for each group. But the group with the most consistent (or precise)numbers is Group 4 with 110, 111, 111, and 110.

POINTS: 1 / 1

A 35. Consider any set of three elements in the same period on the periodic table. For whichcharacteristics is the average for the three elements always equal to the value of the middleelement?a. Atomic number c. Number of neutronsb. Atomic mass d. Number of isotopes

ANSWER: ASince atomic number always increases by 1 as you increase elements, this isthe only characteristic that is listed that is consistent enough to have theaverage work.

POINTS: 1 / 1

B 36. A substance has a molecular formula of C8H10N4O2. The empirical formula is a. C2H6N2O c. C9H7N3Ob. C4H5N2O d. CHNO

ANSWER: BThe empirical formula is the simplified ratio of all the atoms in a compound. Since all the numbers in the molecular formula can be divided by 2, it wouldbecome C4H5N2O.

POINTS: 1 / 1

D 37. What is the name for the compound AlI3?a. Aluminum (I) iodide c. Aluminum (III) iodideb. Aluminum triiodide d. Aluminum iodide

ANSWER: DIn this case, you would have to realize that Al is a metal, therefore you have anionic compound. Ionic compounds don’t use prefixes so Aluminum triiodideis out as a choice. Next, we have to see that aluminum is a metal with only oneoxidation number (+3), so a roman numeral is NOT needed (eliminatesAluminum (I) iodide and Aluminum (III) iodide).

POINTS: 1 / 1

B 38. 2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2OHow many moles of carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced when reacting 6.00 moles ofbutane (C4H10) in excess oxygen (O2)?a. 1.50 mol c. 66.0 molb. 24.0 mol d. 1,060 mol



ANSWER: BExcess oxygen means we have extra O2 and therefore do not need to worryabout it in this problem. So, we need to change moles of C4H10 to moles ofCO2. In class we talked about how to recognize how many steps you will needin your stoichiometry problem. Since they gave us moles and asked for moles,we don’t need the first or last step. We only need the step to switch thecompounds (mole ratio step using the coefficients in the balanced equation)

6.00 mol C4H10 x = 24.0 mol CO2

The other way to think of this problem is that coefficients equal relativemoles. So, if we are tripling the number of moles of butane (2>6), then wehave to triple the amount of carbon dioxide (8x3=24)

POINTS: 1 / 1

A 39. Which structure represents a nonpolar molecule?

a. c.

b. d.

ANSWER: ATo be nonpolar, the molecule has to be symmetrical. The only symmetrical molecule is a.

b is not symmetrical due to the alcohol group (OH) being different from therest of the Hsc is not symmetrical due to the Cl being different from the Hs



d is not symmetrical due to the O being different from the HsPOINTS: 1 / 1

C 40. Using only one trial to collect data in an experiment a. makes it easier to determine a valid conclusionb. reduces the percent error in the resultsc. causes the conclusion to be less reliabled. requires data with more significant figures

ANSWER: COnly having one trial is NOT advised because one cannot compare the resultsto see if any sources of error occurred during the trial. As a result, the data andthe results cannot be truly trusted, thus making the conclusion less reliable.

POINTS: 1 / 1

B 41. A common product of acidbase neutralization reactions is a. hydrogen c. carbon dioxideb. water d. oxygen

ANSWER: BDuring a neutralization reaction, an acid (tends to start with H) and a base(tends to end with OH) react to form water (results from the H and OH comingtogether) and a salt.

POINTS: 1 / 1

D 42. Data Table

Solution Brightness of LightBulb

pH

NaHCO3 Bright 8.4HClO Dim 3.7NaNO3 Bright 7.0CH3NH2 Dim 8.0

Based on the information provided, which solution is a base and a weak electrolyte?a. NaHCO3 c. NaNO3b. HClO d. CH3NH2

ANSWER: DA weak electrolyte would make the light bulb glow dimly (strong electrolyteswould make it bright). A base has a pH greater than 7. So we need to look forsomething that is dim and a pH>7.

POINTS: 1 / 1



B 43.

What is the halflife of Americium242?a. 11 hours c. 32 hoursb. 16 hours d. 64 hours

ANSWER: BA halflife is the amount of time required to lose half of your material. According to the graph, it takes 16 hours to go from 80 to 40.

POINTS: 1 / 1

A 44.

Two electrons are shared equally in bromine (Br2). What type of bond is representedbetween the bromine atoms in this Lewis structure?a. Nonpolar covalent bond c. Metallic bondb. Polar covalent bond d. Ionic bond

ANSWER: ASince Br is a nonmetal and we have a compound between two nonmetals, wehave a covalent bond. (Ionic would be between a metal and nonmetal andmetal is between two metals). And because the electrons are being sharedequally, it would be a nonpolar covalent bond.

POINTS: 1 / 1

A 45. A student is studying the effects of several solutions on the prevention of the browning ofapples. The student used solutions having different pH values and immersed three appleslices in equal volumes of the solutions. Which of these is the independent variable in thisinvestigation?a. pH of solution c. Number of apple slicesb. Shade of brown d. Volume of solutions



ANSWER: A

The Independent variable is what the scientist changes (put yourself in theposition of the scientist and ask what did I change). In this case, I changed thepH of the solution.

Other part of the experiment review:(The dependent variable is what changes because of the independent variable. In this case the shade of the apple changes because of the pH of the solution. Constants stay the same throughout the experiment; the number of apples andvolume of solution are constants. And a control is what we can set up tocompare our results to and is usually lacking the independent variable. In thiscase, if we had an apple not in a solution or maybe a pH of 7 (neutral); thatwould most likely be our control).

POINTS: 1 / 1

D 46. An experiment produced 0.10 g CO2 with a volume of 0.056 L at STP. If the accepteddensity of CO2 at STP is 1.96 g/L, what is the approximate percent error?a. 110% c. 71%b. 92% d. 8.2%

ANSWER: DFirst, we need to determine the experimental density by solving D=m/V.

D = 0.10g/0.056L = 1.8 g/L

Then, we need to calculate % error by solving (acceptedexperimental)/accepted x 100

x100 = 8.2%

POINTS: 1 / 1

2010 released sol - augusta county public schools · here is the screen shot from the released sol...

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