2010.overview of agriculture, forestry and other land use (afolu) sector
TRANSCRIPT
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The Project for Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for GHG Mitigation
in the Kingdom of Thailand
Overview of Agriculture, Forestry and Other
Land Use (AFOLU) Sector
21 September, 2010
GHG Inventory
Fumihiko KUWAHARA
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Contents of AFOLU SectorTraining Program
1. Outline of Agriculture, Forestry and Other
Land Use (AFOLU) Sector 2. Emissions and Removals
from a Land-Use Category
3. Practice1 4. Japans Case Study 1 5. Japans Case Study 2 6. Agriculture 7. Practice2
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Forestry and Other Land Use Emissions/removals from Land-use
Agriculture Emissions from Livestock
Emissions from Manure Management Emissions from Rice cultivation Emissions from Others
Harvested Wood Products
1. Outline of Agriculture, Forestryand Other Land Use (AFOLU) Sector
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2006 Guidelines includes: CO2 Emissions/Removals from C-stock changes
(Biomass, DOM (Dead Organic Matter) and SoilPools)
CO2 and Non-CO2 Emissions from Fire in AllManaged Land
N2O emissions from All Managed Land CO2 emissions from Liming CH4 from Rice Cultivation
CH4 and N2O from Manure Management C-stock Changes associated with Harvest Wood
Products (HWP)
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Introduction of AFOLU AFOLU volume was made from experience:
Using Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for nearly 10years Development in GPG 2000 and GPG 2003 (GPG-LULUCF)
Combines all land uses in a comprehensivestructure
Updates, expands and improves the methods Improved default emissions factors Reduces uncertainty and improves consistency and
cost-effectiveness of inventories
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Principal Improvement over 1996 GLand GPG/GPG-LULUCF (part1)
2006 IPCC Guidelines integrate Agriculture and Land Use, Land UseChange and Forestry Sectors from theGPG/GPG-LULUCF into a single sector
Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) Sector.
Land use category-based approach thatincludes all managed land
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What is Managed Land? For land use activities (LULUCF and/or
AFOLU), how to separate anthropogenicand natural emissions is not clear.
Managed Land is land where humaninterventions and practices have beenapplied to perform production, ecological
or social functions.
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Principal Improvement over 1996 GLand GPG/GPG-LULUCF (part2)
Reporting emissions and removals from allmanaged land for consistency.
Incorporation of key-category analysis
Three Tiers of methods to meet varyingcircumstances between countries (basedon key-category concept)
Consistent classification of land usecategories
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The main greenhouse gas emission sources/removals and
processes in managed ecosystems
Reference: Figure 1.1 of 2006 IPCC Guidelines
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The general method of calculating theGHG of AFOLU Sector
First Emissions/Removals from Land(Forestland, Cropland, etc.)
Second Emissions from Livestock (Enteric
Fermentation, Manure Management) Third Emissions from Agriculture Activities(e.g. Biomass Burning, Liming, Urea
application, Rice Cultivations, HarvestedWood Products, etc.)
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2. Emissions and Removals
from a Land-Use Category The Emissions/Removals of CO2 for the
AFOLU Sector are estimated in (based onCarbon Stock Changes in ecosystem) Land remaining in the same Land-Use Category Land converted to another Land-Use
Total emissionsfrom a land use category
Land remaining in thesame land use category
Land changed to the land use categoryfrom other land use categories
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Land-Use Categories The emissions/removals from "Land-Use" are
estimated according to the following Six Land-Use categories.
FL: Forest Land CL: Crop Land GL: Grass Land WL: Wetlands SL: Settlements OL: Other Land These land areas of the first period and the final
period are estimated.
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Data Sources of Land-Use National sources
National Forest/Land Use Inventory, etc Annual Census Periodic Survey Remote Sensing Data
International sources IPCC Guidelines default data FAO Data International Land Cover Data Sets
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Annual Carbon Stock Change for aLand-Use Category
Carbon Stock Changes are estimated by
considering Carbon Cycle Processes between thefollowing Five Carbon Pools . AB: Above-ground Biomass
BB: Below-ground Biomass DW: Deadwood LI: Litter SO: Solid These Five Carbon Pools are as follows;
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Five Carbon Pools in Different LandUse Categories
Above-groundbiomass
Below-ground
biomass
Harvestedwood
products
Soil organicmatter
Litter
Dead
wood
Reference: Figure 2.1 of 2006 IPCC Guidelines
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Five Carbon Pools
Includes organic carbon in mineral soils to a specified depth chosenby the country and applied consistently through the time series.
Soilorganic
matter
Soil
Includes all non-living biomass with a size greater than the limit forsoil organic matter and less than the minimum diameter chosen fordead wood, lying dead, in various states of decomposition above orwithin the mineral or organic soil.
Litter
Includes all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter,either standing, lying on the ground, or in the soil.Deadwood
Deadorganicmatter(DOM)
All biomass of live root. Fine roots of les than 2mm diameter areoften excluded because these often cannot be distinguishedempirically from soil organic matter or litter.
Below-groundbiomass
All biomass of living vegetation, both woody and herbaceous, abovethe soil including stems, stumps, branches, bark, seeds, and foliage.
Above-ground
biomass
Biomass
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How does the carbon stock changeadd up?
Annual carbon stock changes for stratum of a land
use category ( AB, BB,=Five Carbon Pool)
Annual carbon stock changes for a land usecategory (i= denotes a specific stratum orsubdivision within the land use category)
Annual carbon stock changes for the entire AFOLUsector estimated ( FL, CL,=land use category )
OLSLWLGLCLFLAFOLU
C C C C C C C +++++=
=i
LUiLU C C
HWPSOLIDWBBABLUi
C C C C C C C +++++=
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Carbon Stock Change Estimation Gain-Loss Method (Default Method): Annual
Carbon Stock Change in a given Pool as aFunction of Gains and Losses Annual Carbon Stock Change = Annual Gain of Carbon
Annual Loss of Carbon
Stock-Difference Method: Carbon Stock Changein a given Pool as an Annual Average Differencebetween Estimates at Two Points in Time Annual Carbon Stock Change = (C t2-Ct1 ) / (t2-t1) Ct1: Carbon stock in the pool at time t1 Ct2: Carbon stock in the pool at time t2
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Three Methodological Tiers Tier 1: The Simplest to use
Default parameter values (emission and stock change factors) Country-specific activity data are needed, but for Tier 1 there
are often globally available sources of activity data estimates
Tier 2: A more accurate approach The same methodological approach as Tier 1 Emission and stock change factors are based on country- or
region-specific data. Higher temporal and spatial resolution andmore disaggregated activity data are typically used.
Tier 3: Higher order methods Detailed modeling and/or measurement systems driven by dataat higher resolution and much lower uncertainties
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Some Conditions of Tier 1 method Changes in below-ground biomass C stock are
assumed to be ZERO. Dead Wood and Litter Pools are often lumped
together as Dead Organic Matter.
Dead Organic Matter Stock are assumed to be ZERO for Non-Forest Land-Use Categories. The Average Transfer Rate into Dead Organic Matter
= The Average Transfer Rate out of Dead OrganicMatter
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Introduction of Representation of Lands Countries use various method to obtain
data. Each of these methods of data collection
will yield different type of information, atdifferent reporting frequencies, and withdifferent attributes.
2006 IPCC Guidelines is provided on theuse of three generic approach.
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Example: Approach 1(2006 IPCC Guideline Table3.3)
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Land-Use Categories, Carbon Pools (Estimated GHG
Emissions) (Simplest: Tier1 & Approach1; Part1)
Shouldestimate
Shouldestimate
Shouldestimate
Shouldestimate
Shouldestimate
BB
Shouldestimate
Increase linearly fromzero
ShouldestimateOth -> FL
Shouldestimate
Carbon Stock beforeconversion is zero.
ShouldestimateOth -> GL
Shouldestimate=0=0
ShouldestimateGL -> GL
Shouldestimate
Carbon Stock beforeconversion is zero.
Carbon Stock afterconversion = 0Oth -> CL
Shouldestimate=0=0ShouldestimateCL -> CL
Shouldestimate=0=0ShouldestimateFL -> FL
SOLIDW AB
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Land-Use Categories, Carbon Pools (Estimated GHG
Emissions) (Simplest: Tier1 & Approach1; Part2)BB
NoGuidance
The carbon stock after conversion is zero.The carbon stock before conversion need toestimate
Oth -> WL
Zero afterconversion
No emissions orremovals
The carbon stock afterconversion is zero.Oth -> OL
No GuidanceOL -> OL
Shouldestimate
All non-forest land areassumed to be zero.Zero after conversionOth -> SL
No change At equilibriumNo need to estimate
No changeSL -> SL
No methodologies are provided.WL -> WLSOLIDW AB
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Land-Use Categories, Carbon Pools (Estimated
GHG Emissions) (Japans Case: Approach2; Part1)
Tier2Tier1
Tier2Tier1
NA IE
Tier2
BB
Tier3Tier3Tier3IEOth -> FL
Tier2Tier2
Tier2NE
Tier2NE
Tier2Tier1
FL -> GLOth -> GL
NE & NA GL -> GL
Tier2Tier2
Tier2NE
Tier2NE
Tier2Tier1
FL -> CLOth -> CL
NENA NA NA CL -> CL
Tier3Tier3Tier3Tier2FL -> FL
SOLIDW AB
IE = Included Elsewhere, NA = Not Applicable, NE = Not Estimated, CS = Country Specific, - = This category is not considered in according to GPG-LULUCF
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Questions (about Land Use) Q1: Please describe the difference
between "Three Approaches" and "ThreeTiers". A1:
A1: Q2: Are the GHG emissions from the land-
use categories estimated by the flow of CO2?
A2:
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Practice1 (Climate Domains, Climate
Regions, Ecological Zones)
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Practice1 (Annual gain in Biomass) Annual Increase in Biomass Carbon Stocks:
Average Annual Increment in Biomass :
Gw = tonnes d.m. ha -1 yr-1 ( Table 4.9) R = tonne d.m. (tonne d.m.) -1: Above-ground biomass > 20
tonnes ha -1 (Tropical dry forest) ( Table 4.4 with reference toTable 4.7)
Gtotal = x (1 + ) = (tonnes d.m. ha -1 yr-1) CF = tonne C (tonne d.m.) -1: ( Table 4.3)
CG = 100,000 (ha) x (tonnes d.m. ha -1 yr-1)x (tonne C (tonne d.m.) -1 ) = tonnes C yr -1
= ji, ji, ji,TOTAL ji,G CFGA C
( ){ } += R1GG WTOTAL
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Practice1 (Table 4.9 Above-ground net Biomass
Growth in Natural Forests (Tropical dry forest) )
IPCC, 20032.0 Asia (insular >20 y)IPCC, 20037.0 Asia (insular 20 y) IPCC, 20031.5 Asia (continental >20 y)
IPCC, 20036.0 Asia (continental 20 y)IPCC, 20031.0North and South America (>20 y)IPCC, 20034.0North and South America ( 20 y)IPCC, 20031.8 Africa (>20 y)IPCC, 20032.4 Africa ( 20 y)
ReferenceContinent
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Practice1 ( Table 4.4 Ration Below-Ground
Biomass to Above-Ground Biomass (R))
0.27(0.27 - 0.28)Tropical mountain system0.40Tropical shrubland
0.28(0.27 - 0.28) Above-ground biomass>20 tonnes ha -1
0.56(0.28 - 0.68) Above-ground biomass125 tonnes ha -1
0.20(0.09 - 0.25) Above-ground biomass
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Practice1 (Table 4.3 Carbon Fraction of
aboveground forest biomass)
Source: 2006 IPCC Guideline Volume 4 Figure 4.3
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Practice1 (Biomass loss) Biomass Loss: (Equation 2.11)
= L wood-removals + L fuelwood + L disturbance Wood removal: (Equation 2.12) Lwood-removals = {H x BCEF R x (1+R) x CF}
Fuelwood removal: (Equation 2.13) Lfuelwood = [{FG trees x BCEFR x (1+R)} + FG part x
D] x CF
Disturbance: (Equation 2.14) Ldisturbance = {A disturbance x BW x (1+R) x CF x fd}
LC
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Practice1 (Wood removal) Lwood-removals = {H x BCEF R x (1+R) x CF}
H = 1,000 (m 3 yr-1) : Wood Harvest BCEFR = tonnes d.m. m -3 yr-1 ( Table 4.5) Default BF = tonne d.m. (tonne d.m.) -1 R = tonne d.m. (tonne d.m.) -1: Above-ground
biomass > 20 tonnes ha -1 (Tropical dry forest) (Table 4.4, for above-ground biomass refer to Table4.17)
CF = tonne C (tonne d.m.) -1: ( Table 4.3)
Lwood-removals = 1,000 (m3
yr-1
) x (tonnes d.m.m -3) x (1 + + ) x (tonne C (tonne d.m.) -1 ) = tonnes C yr -1
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Practice1 (Table 4.7 Above-Ground
Biomass in Forests)
Source: 2006 IPCC Guideline Volume 4 Figure 4.7
( l b
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Practice1 (Annual Carbon Loss in
Biomass due to Disturbance) Ldisturbance = {A disturbance x BW x (1+R) x CF x fd}
A disturbance = 2,000 (ha yr -1) BW = (m 3 yr-1) ; ( Table 4.9) R = tonne d.m. (tonne d.m.) -1: Above-ground
biomass > 20 tonnes ha -1 (Tropical dry forest) (Table 4.4, for above-ground biomass refer to Table4.17)
CF = tonne C (tonne d.m.) -1: ( Table 4.3) fd = (m 3 yr-1) (assumption) ;
Lwood-removals = 2,000 (ha yr-1
) x (tonnesd.m. m -3) x (1 + ) x (tonne C (tonned.m.) -1 ) x = tonnes C yr -1
P i 1 (A l Ch i b
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Practice1 (Annual Change in carbon
stock in biomass) Annual Change in Carbon Stock in
Biomass : = 90,240 tonnes C yr -1 (1,368.55 tonnes C yr -1 + 634.69 tonnes C yr -1 + 541.44 tonnes C yr -1)
= 87,695.32 tonnes C yr -1 ;removalsources
LGB C C C = B
C
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Japans Case Study
I show the Japans Emissions/Removals of
GHG from the Forest Land. I would like you to understand the steps
of calculation of the GHGemissions/removals from Forest land fromshowing the specific example.
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Japans Case Study 1 (Carbon stock change inLiving Biomass in Forest land remaining Forest land)
Estimation Method (Stock-Difference Method)
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Japans Case Study 1 (Biomass
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Japans Case Study 1 (Biomass
Expansion Factor & Root-to-Shoot Ratio) BEFs were calculated for two age classes (21),
because it was identified that BEFs differ between youngforest and mature forest.
These Root-to-Shoot Ration values were established foreach tree species, because root-to-shoot ration was notcorrelated with forest age.
Japans Case Study 1 (BEF Root Shoot
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Japans Case Study 1 (BEF, Root-Shoot
Ration, Wood Density, Part1)
Japans Case Study 1 (BEF Root Shoot
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Japan s Case Study 1 (BEF, Root-Shoot
Ration, Wood Density, Part2)
Japans Case Study 1
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Japan s Case Study 1
(Activity Data Source)
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Japans Case Study 1 (Activity Data)
The area of Forest Land Remaining Forest Land in acertain year is estimate by subtracting the Cumulativetotal area of Land converted to Forest Land duringthe past 20 years from the total area of Forest Land in the year subject to estimation. In addition, all area
of Land converted to Forest Land are assumed tobe intensively managed forests.
Japans Case Study 2 (C b S k Ch i D d
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Japans Case Study 2 (Carbon Stock Change in DeadOrganic Matter and Soil in Forest land remaining Forest land)
Carbon Emissions/Removals in each pool per unit area areestimated by using CENTURY-jfos Model and are multiplied
by land area of each forest management type. The sum of the emissions/removals of all forest management types arethe annual changes in total carbon stocks in dead wood,litter and soil.
Japans Case Study 2
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Japan s Case Study 2
(CENTURY-jfos Model) Average carbon stock
changes per unit area fordead wood, litter andsoils are calculated byCENTURY-jfos model,
which was modified fromthe CENTURY model(Colorado StateUniversity) to be
applicable to Japaneseclimate, soil, andvegetation condition.
Japans Case Study 2 (Standard Soil Carbon Stock
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Japan s Case Study 2 (Standard Soil Carbon Stock
used for the CENTURY-jfos Model) part1
Japans Case Study 2 (Standard Soil Carbon Stock
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Japan s Case Study 2 (Standard Soil Carbon Stock
used for the CENTURY-jfos Model) part2
Japans Case Study 1&2 (Results of
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Japan s Case Study 1&2 (Results of
Emission and Removals in Forest Land) Japans Emissions and Removals in Forest Land
resulting from Carbon Stock Changes
l
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5. Agriculture
Emissions from Livestock and Manure
Management N2O Emissions from Managed Soils, and
CO2 Emissions from Lime and Urea Application
CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation
Emissions from Livestock and Manure
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Emissions from Livestock and Manure
Management Enteric Fermentation: CH4
Cattle are an important source of CH4 Manure Management: CH4 and N2O CH4: Enteric Fermentation > Manure
Management Required Data
Annual Populations (All Tier)
Feed Intake and Characterisation (Higher Tiermethod)
R i Li k C i
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Representative Livestock Categories
Mature Dairy Cow or Mature Dairy Buffalo Other Mature Cattle or Mature Non-dairy Buffalo
Growing Cattle or Growing Buffalo Mature Ewes Other Mature Sheep Growing Lambs Mature Swine Growing Swine Chickens
Turkeys Ducks Others (Camels, Mules and Asses, Rabbits, Horse, etc.)
Why are these detailed livestock
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y
subcategories set up? (part1) Depending on the level of detail in the
emissions estimation method,subcategories can be further classifiedbased on animal or feed characteristics.
For example, growing/ fattening cattlecould be further subdivided into thosecattle that are fed a high-grain diet and
housed in dry lot vs. those cattle that aregrown and finished solely on pasture.
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Tier 1 method (CH4 Emissions from
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(
Enteric Fermentation) Tier 1: CH4 Emissions = EF T x NT /10 6
EFT : Emission Factor for the definedLivestock population (kg CH4 head -1 yr-1) NT: the Number of Head of Livestock species /
category T T: Species/category of Livestock
Tier 1 method (CH4 Emissions from
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(
Manure Management) Required Data: Livestock Population,
Climate Region or Temperature Tier 1: CH4 Emissions = EF T x NT /10 6 EFT : Emission Factor by Temperature for the
defined Livestock population (kg CH4 head -1yr-1)
NT: the Number of Head of Livestock species /category T
T: Species/category of Livestock
Question (about Livestock)
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Question (about Livestock)
Q: We should directly use the Annual
Average Population of Livestock, as an Activity Data, from official nationalstatistics. (Is it true or false?)
A: Annual Average Population = Days_alive x Number
of animals produced annually / 365 (e.g.
Days_alive of Broiler chickens is 60 days)
Tier 1 method (Direct N2O Emissions
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from Manure Management) Required Data: Livestock Population, Default EF, Default
Nitrogen Excretion Data, Default Manure Management
System Data Tier 1: N2O Emissions = (N T x NexT x MST,S) x EFS x
44/28 NT: the Number of Head of Livestock species / category T
NexT: Annual Average N excretion (kg N animal -1 yr-1) MST,S : Fraction of Total Annual Nitrogen Excretion for each Live
stock species/category T that is managed in manure EFS : Emission Factor for Manure Management System S (kg N2O-N
/ kg-N) S: Manure Management System T: Species/category of Livestock 44/28: Conversion of N2O-N emissions to N2O emissions
Indirect N2O Emissions from Manure
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Management Indirect Emissions result from Volatile
Nitrogen Losses that occur primarily in theForms of NH3 and NOx. Tier 1 method is analogous to the direct
N2O Emissions from Manure Management. Examples of methods of this sub-category
are skipped.
N2O Emission from Managed Soils, and
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CO2 Emissions from Lime and Urea Application N2O Emissions from Managed Soils
Nitrous oxide is produced naturally in soils through theprocesses of nitrification and denitrification.
CO2 Emissions from Liming
Liming leads to CO2 emissions because the carbonatelimes dissolve and release bicarbonate.
CO2 Emissions from Urea Fertilization Urea is converted into Ammonium, Hydroxyl Ion and
Bicarbonate. Bicarbonate evolves into CO2 and water.
Tier 1 method (N2O Emission from Managed Soils, and
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CO2 Emissions from Lime and Urea Application) N2O Emissions from Managed Soils
N2O Emissions = Emissions from N inputs to managedsoils + Emissions from managed organic soils +
Emissions from Urine and dung inputs to grazed soils
CO2 Emissions from Liming CO2-C Emissions = Annual Amount of Calcic Limestone
x EFLimestone + Annual Amount of Dolomite x EFDolomite
CO2 Emissions from Urea Fertilization CO2-C Emissions = Annual Amount of Urea Fertilisation x EF
Schematic Diagram Illustrating the
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Source and Pathways of NSynthetic N Fertillisers
Applied Organic N Fertiliser
Urine and Dung from Grazing Animals
Crop Residues
Mineralisation ofSoil Organic Matter
Biomass BurningFossil Fuel Combustion
Storage and Management ofLivestock Manure Reference: Figure 11.1 of 2006 IPCC Guidelines
New Methodology of Rice Cultivation
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New Methodology of Rice Cultivation
New guidelines (from 1996 GL, and
GPG2000) (i) Revision of emission and scaling factors (ii) Use of daily EF instead of seasonal (iii) New scaling factors for water regime (iv) Inclusion of Tier 3 approach in line
The study results of Japanese Researchers ofNational Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences
CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation
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CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation
( )
barymayrcefromemissionsCH4hunder whicconditionsotherand,amendments
organicof amoutandtyperegimes,water,ecosystemsdifferentrepresent:k j,i,
yrha,conditionsk and j,i,forriceof areaharvestedanual:A
dayconditon,k and j,i,forriceof periodncultivatio:t
dayhaCH4kg,conditionsk and j,i,forfactoremissiondailya :EF
yrCH4Ggn,cultivatioricefromemissionsmethaneannual:CH4
10AtEF CH4
1-k j,i,
k j,i,
1-1-k j,i,
1-Rice
k j,i,
6k j,i,k j,i,k j,i,Rice =
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines CH4 Rice = EF x A x 10 -12 EF: Emission Factor, A: annual harvested area
Practice2
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Practice2
Q1: How long are the cultivation periods of
rice in Thailand? Q2: Please calculate the CH4 emissions fromRice Cultivation, using the Tier 1 (Default)method of "Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines".
Q3: And please calculate the CH4 emissions
from Rice Cultivation, using the Tier 1(Default) method of "2006 IPCC Guidelines".
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/ F
Thank you very much
Appendix
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Appendix
The method of calculating the GHG of
AFOLU Sector in Japan Issue of AFOLU Sector in Thailand Data source is National Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Report of JAPAN (Ministry of theEnvironment, Japan, Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER,NIES)
The method of calculating the GHG of
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AFOLU Sector in Japan Land Use Category
Stock-Difference Method Use Approach 2 (Total Land-Use Area, Including Changes
Between Categories)
Agriculture Enteric Fermentation (Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goats, Horse andSwine) Manure Management (Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goats, Horses,
Swine and Poultry)
Rice Cultivation Agricultural Soils (Direct N2O Emissions, Indirect N2O Emissions) Field Burning (Grains, Legumes, root crops and sugar cane)
Characteristics of Japanese Land
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p
About 2.88 haOther land About 3.70 haSettlements
About 1.33 haWetland About 0.91 haGrassland
About 4.01 haCropland About 25.0 haForestland
About 37.8 haTotal land area
Japans Location and Climate, etc.
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p ,
Cool-temperate climate zone , Temperature 8.5 , Rainfall1,127.6mm
Sapporo
Subtropical climate zone, Temperature 22.7 ,Rainfall 2,036.9mm
Naha
Humid climate zone, Temperature 15.9 ,Rainfall 1,466.7mmTokyo
Most; temperate, humid climate zone
Some southern parts; subtropical climate zoneSome northern parts; cool-temperate climate zone
Climate
Latitude about 45 degrees centigrade NLatitude about 20 degrees centigrade N
NorthernmostSouthernmost
Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and other islands.LandNoteItem
Land Use Transition Matrix for Japan in
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FY1990 ( unit: kha) (Approach 2)
37,770.02,737.53,173.21,320.0932.34,627.924,979.3Total
2,756.02,732.1IEIE3.815.34.8Other land
3,217.0IE3,173.2IE3.221.419.3Settlements
1,320.00.10.01,319.40.00.10.3Wetlands
930.33.7IE0.2924.60.91.0Grassland
4,596.41.5IE0.30.04,587.67.0Cropland
24,950.30.1IEIE0.72.724,946.8Forest land
TotalOtherland
Settlements
Wetlands
Grassland
Cropland
Forestland
Before Conversion
After Conversion
Land Use Transition Matrix for Japan in
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FY2008 ( unit: kha) (Approach 2)
37,790.02,867.83,679.41,330.1911.44,026.124,975.2Total
2,879.32,866.2IEIE3.88.60.7Other land
3,697.0IE3,679.4IE1.610.95.1Settlements
1,330.00.30.01,329.20.00.20.3Wetlands
907.80.7IE0.4905.80.80.1Grassland
4,006.70.6IE0.50.04,005.10.5Cropland
24.969.10.1IEIE0.10.524,968.5Forest land
TotalOtherland
Settlements
Wetlands
Grassland
Cropland
Forestland
Before Conversion
After Conversion
The characteristic of the Japans GHG Inventory(Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Sector)
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(Land Use, Land use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Sector)
No peat extractionFlooded land (almost dam)
Emissions 92.1 Gg-CO22.7% Increase over FY1990
5.D.Wetlands
Defense Facility Site, Cultivation Abandonment Area, Coast, etc
Emissions 388 Gg-CO275.6% Decrease over FY1990
5.F.Other land
Trees existing in urban greenareas such as urban park, specialgreenery conservation zones
Emissions 831 Gg-CO282.4% Decrease over FY1990
5.E.Settlements
Perennial pasture
Harvesting fodder/ grazing
Net removals 744 Gg-CO2
32.1% Increase over FY1990
5.C.
Grassland
Rice field, upland fields, orchardsand temporarily fallow land
Emissions 223 Gg-CO291.3% Decrease over FY1990
5.B.Cropland
All Japans forests are managedforests
Net removals 79,934 Gg-CO210.4% Increase over FY1990
5.A.Forest land
NoteEmissions or removals
Relationships among the categories in
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the agricultural sector
The characteristic of the Japans GHG Inventory(Agriculture Sector : part1)
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Enteric Fermentation (4.A.) Activities : the number of each type of livestock at 1 February in
each year (Livestock Statistics) Emission Factor : Specific to Japan (measured data) CH4 : 6,945 Gg-CO2 (0.5% of total GHG emissions and 9.5%
decrease from FY 1990)
Manure Management (4.B.) Activities : Livestock herd or flock size, volume of feeces or urineexcreted, nitrogen content volume, etc.
Emission Factor : Specific to Japan and Default value
CH4 : 2,328 Gg-CO2 (0.2% of total GHG emissions and 24.8%decrease from FY 1990) N2O : 4,768 Gg-CO2 (0.4% of total GHG emissions and 13.8%
decrease from FY 1990)
( g p )
The characteristic of the Japans GHG Inventory(Agriculture Sector : part2)
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Rice Cultivation (4.C.) Activities : Intermittently flooded paddy fields (98%), Continuously
flooded paddies (2%) and the planted paddy area (Statistics of Cultivated and Planted area), etc.
Emission Factor : Specific to Japan (measured data) CH4 : 5,614 Gg-CO2 (0.4% of total GHG emissions and 19.3%
decrease from FY 1990)
Direct Soil Emissions (4.D.) Activities : Amount of nitrogen contained in synthetic fertilizer
applied in upland farming , Volume of nitrogen volatilized fromammonia and nitrogen oxides from livestock manure and syntheticfertilizers.
Emission Factor : Specific to Japan and Default value N2O : 6,050 Gg-CO2 (0.5% of total GHG emissions and 22.8%
decrease from FY 1990)
( g p )
Setting method of the emission factor
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Setting from scientific theory value (CO2 fromenergy Combustion, etc.)
Measurement made at the factories (CH4 andN2O from chemical industry (Industrial Process),etc.)
The results of surveys in Japan (CH4 and N2Ofrom the agricultural sector and the waste sector,etc.)
The default value of the IPCC guideline (N2Ofrom civil aviation, etc.)
Question
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Q; In the Agriculture Sector" of Japan's
GHG Inventory, the emissions from the Rice Cultivation category are largest. A;
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Emissions from Land-Use ( ASEAN
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Countries )
CO2 : 19,380 (Gg/year)(18.70 % of total GHG inventory)
Vietnam
CO2 : -2,774.00 (Gg/year)(-2.75 % of total GHG inventory)
Philippine
CO2 : 155,625.00 (Gg/year)(31.23 % of total GHG inventory)
Indonesia
CO2 : -61,081.00 (Gg/year)(-80.80 % of total GHG inventory)
Malaysia
CO2 : 60,476.75 (Gg/year)(21.12 % of total GHG inventory)
Thailand
Emissions from Livestock ( ASEAN
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Countries )
CH4 : 465.60 (Gg/year)(9.42 % of total GHG inventory)
Vietnam
CH4 : 333.47 (Gg/year)(6.95 % of total GHG inventory)
Philippine
CH4 : 947.21 (Gg/year)(3.99 % of total GHG inventory)
Indonesia
CH4 : 75.00 (Gg/year)(2.1 % of total GHG inventory)
Malaysia
CH4: 769.12 (Gg/year), N2O: 19.19 (Gg/year)(5.6% and 2.1% of total GHG inventory)
Thailand
Rice Cultivation ( ASEAN Countries )
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CH4 : 636.40 (Gg/year)(13.2 % of total GHG inventory)
Philippine
CH4 : 1559.70 (Gg/year)(31.5 % of total GHG inventory)
Vietnam
CH4 : 2,280.90 (Gg/year)(9.6 % of total GHG inventory)
Indonesia
CH4 : 252.00 (Gg/year)(7.0 % of total GHG inventory)
Malaysia
CH4 : 2,110.53 (Gg/year)(15.5 % of total GHG inventory)
Thailand