2011 10-5 - air pollution
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Air Pollution
http://www.chrismadden.co.uk/eco/air-pollution-illustration.jpg http://www.metrolic.com/how-to-reduce-air-pollution-123801/
By Kosara SpasovaDenitsa ManovaGeorgi Dobrev
Nox (NO, NO2)
Sources:TransportationBurning biomass and fossil fuelsBurning fuels when the “nitrogen in air is heated above 1370°C”
Effects:On people:
○ Cough, chest pain, difficulty with breathing○ Respiratory infections
On the environment○ Acid precipitation○ Global warming○ Photochemical smog○ Eutrophication
http://www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/mexico/air-scan/nox.jpg
SOx
Sources: Industries Fuel combustion (mostly of vehicles that emit carbon) Petroleum refineries Erosion Transported by wind
Effects: On environment:
When reacts with water- acid rain
On people: Reduces visibility When inhaled damages the trachea and lungs
http://www.groundworkprovidence.org/themetair/Images/SO2.png
Ground Level Ozone Ozone(O3) – gas composed of 3 oxygen atoms bonded
together Protects from UV radiation but dangerous to breath Sources:
Motor vehicles exhaustIndustrial emissionsGasoline vaporsChemical solventsNatural sourcesNitrogen oxides under the influence of ultraviolet in sunlight
Effects:Smog Irritated eyes, persistent headaches, and increased hyper-reactivityAggravates Asthma Irritates respiratory systemAffects growth of plants
Particulate Matter Components of “acids (such as nitrates and sulfates),
organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles” Types:
PM10---up to 10 micrometers in diameter PM2.5--- up to 2.5 micrometers in diameter
http://www.epa.gov/ord/ca/quick-finder/particulate-matter.htm
Particulate Matter Sources:
Burning of fossil fuels and wood Effects:
On people: ○ Reduce visibility○ Causes respiratory problems○ Irregular heartbeat○ Nonfatal heart attacks
On environment: ○ Changing nutrient levels in water bodies○ Reduces environment diversity
Culturally:○ Damage stones and buildings
Bulgaria Air quality - one of the worst in the
European Union
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_NwDMVt2LHwM/TNd9zGqNlEI/AAAAAAAAACM/V2biDD2QD9I/s1600/pollution.jpg
http://maps.grida.no/library/files/bulgaria_topographic_map_001.jpg
Sources Large number of old vehicles without catalytic converters Lack of restrictions on second-hand cars
Central heating and gas heating (cities), coal-fired heating(smaller towns and villages)
Metallurgic and other fabrics and plants
http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=89367
BulgariaEffects: - Pernik - Bulgaria's most polluted town, 92 microgrammes per cubic metre dust compared to 30 in the rest of the EU- Respiratory problems-Heart diseases-Reduced environment diversity
http://topnews.in/health/files/heart-attacks_0.jpg
Solutions Has been done:
Commercials, social programs Jobs, activities
Is being done: Use of solar and wind energy
Should be done: Temporary closing of boulevards Closing factories/power plants
Mexico City Location:
Above 2240 meters low atmospheric oxygen levels
Surrounded by mountains – air is trapped
http://kids.yahoo.com/directory/Around-the-World/Countries/Mexico/Maps
Sources: Overpopulated
– 21 million people who use:
Transportation Services Industry
http://www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/mexico/air-scan/df-emis.jpg
Mexico CityEffects:- Extremely unhealthy/hazardous conditions especially for children
Solutions:- Informing people about dangers- Training programs, games and participatory activities- Decrease of transportation- Introducing the issue of sustainable consumption - Promoting the use of energy saving appliances
How to reduce air pollution?
AutomobilesAlternatives – bicycles, public transportCleaner fuels
Factories/PowerplantsSmokestack filters/scrubbsRelocation of factories, and other such facilities
outside of populated areas Introduction to solar panels Buy food from local producer Recycle
Works Cited: "Air Pollution Causes." Health and Energy. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2010.
<http://healthandenergy.com/air_pollution_causes.htm>. "Air Pollution in Mexico City." SBG. N.p., 16 Apr. 2002. Web. 16 Dec. 2010.
<http://www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/mexico/air.htm>. "Bulgarian air most polluted in Europe." EU Business. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec.
2010. <http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1236337323.03/>. "Effects of Air Pollutants - Health Effects ." US EPA. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec.
2010. <http://epa.gov/apti/course422/ap7a.html>. "How can I help reduce air pollution?" EEA. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2010.
<http://www.eea.europa.eu/maps/ozone/whatcanIdo/avoid-ozone-pollution>. "How to Reduce Air Pollution Problems." eHow. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2010.
<http://www.ehow.com/how_5351333_reduce-air-pollution-problems.html>. "Ways to Reduce Air Pollution." US EPA. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2010.
<http://www.epa.gov/air/peg/reduce.html>.