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WHII Winter Midterm 2011 M. Lynde 2011

1. WHII.2a What empire of the 1500’s is indicated by the shaded area on the map?

A. OttomanB. Songhai C. MughalD. Russian

2. WHII.2a According to the map, the Mughal Empire in 1605, during the reign of Akbar was located in

A) southern India B) northern India C) Deccan D) Safavid

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3. WHII.2a What African empire of the 1500’s is indicated by the shaded area on the map?

A. Axum B. Zimbabwe C. Songhai D. Niger

4. WHII.2a On the map, what empire is located in the shaded area?A) Aztec B) Incan C) Songhai D) Mayan

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5. WHII.2a On the map, what empire is indicated by the shaded area?

A) AztecB) Mayan C) Songhai D) Incan

6. WHII.2a What number represents the nation of England?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

7. WHII.2a What number represents the nation of France?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5

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8. WHII.2a What number represents the nation of Russia?A) 1 B) 2 C) 5 D) 4

9. WHII.2a What number represents the nation of Germany?

A) 2B) 3C) 4D) 5

10. WHII.2a Using the map, number 5 represents what European nation in 1500?

A) Russia B) Ottoman Empire C) France D) Spain

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11. WHII.2b This word means rebirth.

A) bubonic B) perspective C) humanism D) renaissance

12. WHII.2b Who wrote Praise of Folly which criticized the Catholic church?

A) Michelangelo B) Dante C) Holbein D) Erasmus

13. WHII.2b What was “reborn” during the Renaissance?

A) printing press B) Catholic Church C) classical knowledge D) capitalism

14. WHII.2b The Renaissance spread from the _?_ city-states to _?_ Europe.

A) Italian, northern B) Dutch, southern C) French, western D) Egyptian, eastern

15. WHII.2b Where did the Renaissance begin?

A) France B) Italian city states C) Britain D) German city states

16. WHII.2b Which Renaissance author wrote plays and sonnets?

A) Dante B) Erasmus C) Michelangelo D) Shakespeare

17. WHII.2b All of the following plays were written by William Shakespeare EXCEPT

A) Romeo and Juliet B) Praise of Folly C) Richard III D) Midsummer Night’s Dream

18. WHII.2b Who painted The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa?

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A) Michelangelo B) Leonardo da Vinci C) Albrecht Durer D) Raphael

19. WHII.2b Who sculpted the Pieta and David and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

A) Raphael B) Michelangelo C) Leonardo da Vinci D) Hans Holbein

20. WHII.2b What civilizations inspired the Renaissance?

A) France and Italy B) Greece and Rome C) England and Spain D) Germany and Netherlands

21. WHII.2b A person who studied the classical works of ancient Greece and Rome to better understand the world is a

A) patron B) perspective C) sonnet D) humanist

22. WHII.2b Of the following, which would a humanist not believe?

A) Humans should enjoy themselves each day and feel fulfilled. B) All people have dignity and worth. C) There is such a thing as an ideal person, one who excels in many areas. D) Humans are born bad and must strive their entire lives for God’s forgiveness.

23. WHII.2b If you were described as a true Renaissance person today, you would be a(n)

A) general of a powerful army. B) ruler of a nation. C) artist of portraits D) well rounded and successful person in many fields.

24. WHII.2b How did the ideas of the Renaissance spread in the Eastern Hemisphere?

A) From Western Europe, east into Asia B) From North Africa, north into Europe C) From Northern Italy, north into the rest of Europe D) From Northern Europe, south into Africa

25. WHII.2c In the year 1500, Europe was mostly

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A) Islamic. B) Hindu. C) Christian. D) Jewish.

26. WHII.2c Which of the following religions is paired correctly with its area of geographical strength in the year 1500?

A) Judaism-Israel and North America B) Christianity-North and South America C) Hinduism-India and part of Southeast Asia D) Buddhism-India and the Middle East

27. WHII.2c What religion was practiced in southern Europe and parts of Asia and Africa in the 1500’s?

A) Buddhism B) Islam C) Hinduism D) Judaism

28. WHII.2c What religion was practiced in India and part of Southeast Asia in the 1500’s?

A) Judaism B) Islam C) Buddhism D) Hinduism

29. WHII.2c What major world religion was concentrated in the 1500’s in areas 1 and 4 on the map?

A) Christianity B) Islam C) Buddhism D) Hinduism

30. WHII.2c What major world religion was practiced in the 1500’s in areas 2, 3, and 4 on the map?

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A) Judaism B) Islam C) Buddhism D) Hinduism

31. WHII.2c What major world religion was practiced in the 1500’s in areas 5 and 6 on the map?

A) Judaism B) Christianity C) Buddhism D) Hinduism

32. WHII.2c What major world religion was practiced in the 1500’s in areas 6 and 7 on the map?

A) Christianity B) Islam C) Buddhism D) Hinduism

33. WHII.2d By 1500, all of the following continents were linked by trade routes EXCEPT

A) Africa B) Asia C) Australia D) Europe

34. WHII.2d In the 1500’s what was traded across the Trans-Saharan trade route?

A) silk and spices B) furs and amber C) fish and wool D) gold and salt

35. WHII.2e All of the following were traded along the Silk Road from the East EXCEPT

A) silk B) porcelain C) paper D) wool

36. WHII.2e From which civilizations did Europe gain its number system?

A) Arabs and Indian B) Songhai and Mughal C) Greeks and Romans D) Chinese and Russian

37. WHII.3a The religious movement of the 1500’s which split the Catholic Church into Protestant and Catholic faiths was the

A) Renaissance B) Counter Reformation

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C) Reformation D) Enlightenment

38. WHII.2e What kind of items would you buy/trade along the routes on the map?

A) silk, porcelain B) gold, salt C) spices, tea D) fur, amber

39. WHII.2e Using the map, what kind of items would you buy/trade along route 3?

A) silk, porcelain B) gold, salt C) spices, tea D) fur, amber

40. WHII.3a Who began the Protestant Reformation?

A) Martin Luther B) John Calvin

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C) Henry VIII D) Elizabeth I

41.

WHII.3a Lutheranism emphasized all of the following beliefs EXCEPT

A) all humans are equal before God B) the use of the Bible as the ultimate authority C) the achievement of salvation by faith alone D) all Bibles should be written in Latin

42. WHII.3a What was the first Protestant religion?

A) Calvinist B) Catholic C) Lutheran D) Anglican

43. WHII.3a The sale of indulgences was an example of corruption in the Catholic Church. This led to the

A) Protestant Reformation B) Renaissance C) Enlightenment D) Catholic Reformation

44. WHII.3a All of the following are examples of corruption in the Catholic Church before the Reformation EXCEPT

A) sale of indulgences B) worldly priests C) sale of church offices D) leadership of pope

45. WHII.3a According to the doctrine of predestination,

A) God determines who will obtain salvation B) salvation can only be achieved through good works C) salvation can be achieved only through faith D) God determines who will be the king

46. WHII.3a All of the following are Protestant faiths EXCEPT

A) Lutheranism B) Catholicism C) Calvinism D) Anglicanism

47. WHII.3a Martin Luther first stated the problems within the Catholic Church in the

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A) Edict of Nantes B) Peace of Augsburg C) Thirty Years War D) 95 Theses

48. WHII.3a After Martin Luther’s break with the Catholic Church, who was the reformer who expanded the Protestant Reformation?

A) Richelieu B) John Calvin C) Charles V D) Elizabeth I

49. WHII.3a Which of the following is not a true statement about the Catholic Church in the early 1500’s?

A) The wealth of merchants challenged the Church’s view of usury B) German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church C) The Church’s wealth and political power caused conflicts in Europe D) The Catholic and Orthodox Churches made plans to unite

50. WHII.3a Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A) he wanted the Catholic Church’s wealth and land in England B) he wanted to change the ceremony of the Catholic Church C) he wanted a male heir to the throne D) he wanted to divorce his wife

51. WHII.3a To lend money at high rates of interest is called what?

A) usury B) predestination C) theses D) indulgences

52. WHII.3a The sale of these triggered the events which led to the Protestant Reformation.

A) sacraments B) baptisms C) predestinations D) indulgences

53. WHII.3a The Act of Supremacy established the _?_ as the head of the Anglican church.

A) Archbishop of Canterbury B) pope C) monarch D) Duke of York

54. WHII.3a In the 1500’s, conflicts often erupted which challenged the authority of the Church in Rome. All of the following were reasons for the conflicts EXCEPT

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A) Italian domination of the Church B) Church’s political power C) Church corruption D) Devotion of priests

55. WHII.3a What is the name given to Christians who left the Catholic Church during the Reformation to join new churches?

A) Reformists B) Protestants C) Orthodox Christians D) Jesuits

56.WHII.3a How would John Calvin most likely explain his religious beliefs to you?

A) “God wants all people to be happy, so true Christian worship should be once a week and involve joyous singing, dancing, and feasting!” B) “All humans are predestined by God to go to heaven or hell. However, a man might lose his chance to go to heaven if he is wicked, so he must never drink, gamble or dance!” C) “God believes all people are beautiful and will arrive in heaven if they have faith!” D) “All humans are born evil. If they wish to be spared hell, they must give all of their money to the church so that they can be forgiven their sins!”

57. WHII.3b Where did the majority of the Thirty Years War take place?

A) France B) Eastern Europe C) Germany and Central Europe D) North Africa

“Unless I am convicted by scripture and plain reason—I do not accept the authority of popes and councils for they have contradicted each other—my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen.”

58. WHII.3a According to the reading, what is Luther’s response to the Diet of Worms’ commands?

A) he accepts their demandsB) he will not recant his writings C) he will write more books D) he accepts their authority

59. WHII.3b Ignatius of Loyola was the founder and leader of A) the Anglicans. B) the Flagellates. C) the Society of Jesus. D) the Huguenots.

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60. WHII.3a What would be the title of this graphic?

A) Faiths of the Protestant ReformationB) New Counter Reformation FaithsC) Reforms of the Counter Reformation D) Beliefs of John Calvin

61. WHII.3b Who were the Huguenots?

A) French followers of John Calvin B) Catholic missionaries who spread Catholicism into Africa C) Strict Lutherans who made independent communities in Eastern Europe D) Followers of Henry VIII

62. WHII.3b What was the importance of the Edict of Nantes?

A) It started the Thirty Years’ War, destroying much of Germany. B) It established the Anglican Church. C) It created the Society of Jesus and single-handedly prevented the collapse of the Catholic Church. D) It allowed Huguenots the freedom to worship, making France peaceful.

63. WHII.3b All of the following are true statements about the Thirty Years War EXCEPT

A) it made the pope the strongest ruler in Europe B) it began as a war between German Protestants and Catholics C) it was a religious war that became political D) it devastated and divided the German states

64. WHII.3b The Catholic Church’s attempt to reform the Church and reassert its authority led to the

A) Reformation B) Renaissance C) Counter Reformation D) Thirty Years War

65. WHII.3b As Europe divided into Catholic and Protestant states, what began to happen?

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A) large religious wars B) people could choose whatever religion they wanted C) more people stopped attending church D) princes lost power

66. WHII.3b All of the following were aims of the Counter Reformation EXCEPT

A) to stop the spread of Protestantism B) to introduce Calvinist teachings in Germany C) to establish seminaries to train clergy D) to retain the elaborate rituals of Church services

67. WHII.3b The special court used by the Catholic Church to try and punish heretics was the

A) Index B) Inquisition C) Huguenot D) Indulgence

68. WHII.3b What document granted freedom of worship to the Huguenots?

A) Peace of Augsburg B) Edict of Nantes C) Diet of Worms D) Act of Supremacy

69. WHII.3b This dynasty approved the Peace of Augsburg under the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and always supported the Catholic Church.

A) Tudor B) Stuart C) Romanov D) Hapsburg

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. WHII.3b Protestantism enabled princes in northern Germany to

A) declare themselves head of a national church B) end the authority of the pope in their states C) remain in close contact with the Jesuits in the New World D) tax the Italians instead of being taxed themselves

71. WHII.3b Cardinal Richelieu was

A) the first to propose the adoption of democracy in Europe.B) a great, all powerful German king.C) a Protestant leader who encouraged the end of absolute monarchy.D) the creator of absolutism in France who sided with the Protestants in the Thirty

Years War.

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72. WHII.4a Of the following, which was not a reason why Europeans went exploring?

A) They hoped to learn valuable skills and knowledge from the people they had not yet met. B) They wanted to convert non-Christians to the European religions. C) They desired gold and trade to increase their wealth. D) They wanted to increase the glory and stature of their kingdoms by establishing empires; individual explorers wanted honor for their expeditions.

73. WHII.4a What was the importance of the astrolabe to explorers?

A) It was a weapon that natives could not fight against allowing for faster conquering of the New World. B) It was a device which allowed ships to withstand high winds and rough seas, so it make long voyages possible. C) It indicated an explorer’s latitude on a map so they would not get lost. D) It helped predict storms at sea, thus sparing many ships from being destroyed in foul weather.

74 WHII.4a The word circumnavigation refers to:

A) using a map and compass to move across an ocean. B) making a complete trip around the world, starting and stopping at the same point.

C) becoming hopelessly lost at sea and simply following the ocean currents. D) sailing around all seven continents.

75. WHII.4a Which two European countries were the first to explore new lands?

A) Spain and Portugal B) England and France C) France and Spain D) Italy and Germany

76. WHII.4a Which Spanish conquistador conquered the Aztecs?

A) Francisco Pizarro B) Ferdinand Magellan C) Vasco da Gama D) Hernando Cortez

77. WHII.4a Which explorer is credited with the “discovery” of the New World?

A) Jacques Cartier B) Amerigo Vespucci C) Christopher Columbus D) Sir Francis Drake

78. WHII.4a Who sent out expeditions to explore the coast of Africa and established a school to train explorers in the art of navigation?

A) Prince Henry B) Henry VIII C) Philip II

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D) Charles V

79. WHII.4a His expedition was the first to circumnavigate the world, proving the world was round.

A) Sir Francis Drake B) Francisco Pizarro C) Ferdinand Magellan D) Vasco da Gama

80. WHII.4a Who was the English sea dog who was the first explorer to circumnavigate the earth?

A) Francisco Pizarro B) Ferdinand Magellan C) John Cabot D) Sir Francis Drake

81. WHII.4a Which of the following explorers is not correctly matched with his sponsoring country?

A) Vasco da Gama=Portugal B) Ferdinand Magellan=Netherlands C) Sir Francis Drake=England D) Jacques Cartier=France

82. WHII.4a Which of the following BEST explains why European rulers encouraged ocean exploration?

A) They wanted to conquer more people. B) They wanted to spread Christianity. C) They wanted to find new trade routes. D) They wanted to test new navigational tools.

83. WHII.4a Who went to the Andes and by trickery and force conquered the Incas?

A) Ferdinand Magellan B) Hernando Cortez C) Francisco Pizarro D) Jacques Cartier

84. WHII.4a What event encouraged the Atlantic nations to look for new maritime trade routes to the East?

A) Fall of Rome to the barbarian tribes B) Greed of Spanish kings C) Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks D) English privateers stealing Spanish gold

85. WHII.4b Which statement does not explain the role of religion during the Age of Exploration?

A) Colonists wanted to escape religious persecution in Europe. B) Christians spread their culture and language as well as their religious beliefs. C) It was the moral duty of Christians to spread Christianity. D) Explorers gained indulgences if they spread religion.

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86. WHII.4a According to the map, in which areas did the Spanish not conquer lands?

A) South America B) North America C) Caribbean D) Africa

87. WHII.4a According to the map, where did Portugal not conquer lands during the Age of Exploration?

A) Africa B) Asia C) South America D) North America

88. WHII.4b What was the MAIN goal of European missionaries in the New World?

A) To convert indigenous people to Christianity B) To spread western civilization C) To teach native people about health care D) To learn from the natives in the New World

89. WHII.4c What country was the first to explore the coastline of Africa, set up trading posts, and discover the Cape of Good Hope on its way to India?

A) England B) Portugal C) Spain D) Italy

90. WHII.4c What happened to the native economies and cultures of Asia, Africa, and the Americas as a result of the Age of Exploration?

A) They were stimulated by trade with Europeans and began to grow rapidly. B) They copied the devices and ideas of Europeans and soon became as powerful as the Europeans C) They were almost completely destroyed by the Europeans. D) They joined together to resist the attempts of Europeans to change them.

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91. WHII.4c Where did the Spanish place themselves in the new society of the Americas?

A) At the top, as governors, rulers and owners B) At the bottom, as heavy laborers C) They mixed themselves into the society, some as rulers, some as laborers, with the idea that all men were equal. D) They separated themselves entirely from the natives and had no contact with them.

92. WHII.4c Which of the following is not a true statement concerning the Age of Exploration?

A) Europeans established trading posts wherever they went. B) Europeans sailed mainly to prove that the Earth was round. C) Europeans spread terrible diseases to the people of the lands they discovered. D) Europeans claimed the majority of the Earth as their own land.

93. WHII.4c Which was not a result of European exploration?

A) Large numbers of Native Americans died of disease. B) Native cultures, religions, languages and beliefs were preserved and spread throughout the world. C) Africans were captured and sold into slavery in the Americas. D) Europeans took American crops back to Europe and grew them there.

94. WHII.4c European merchants established colonies in all of the following areas of Asia EXCEPT

A) India B) China C) Indies D) Japan

95. WHII.4c The indigenous people of the Americas were affected by European colonization in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A) they died of European diseases B) their riches were taken from them C) they became slaves to the Europeans D) they united to fight the Europeans

96. WHII.4c All of the following were legacies of Spain to Latin America EXCEPT

A) dictatorial rule in the Americas B) rigid class system C) freedom for indigenous people D) colonial culture and society imitated Spain’s

97. WHII.4d All of the following came to the New World after 1492 EXCEPT

A) smallpox B) cattle C) corn D) horses

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98. WHII.4d The Columbian Exchange impacted the world in all of the followings ways EXCEPT

A) a shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to using African slaves B) slavery was based on race C) new foods and products were introduced to Europe and the Americas D) indigenous people gained new empires

99. WHII.4d In which way did the plantation system not impact the Americas and the Caribbean?

A) it destroyed indigenous economies B) it damaged the environment C) it created a demand for African slaves D) it made maritime trade easier

100. WHII.4d The exchange of new products and resources between the Eastern and Western hemispheres was called

A) mercantilism B) joint stock company C) the Columbian Exchange D) the Triangle Trade

101. WHII.4d In the 1500’s, the need for cheap labor in the American colonies led to

A) the large scale migration of Europeans to America B) the importation of Africans as slaves C) rise in the native American population D) a decline in trade

102. WHII.4e,f What happened to Spain as a result of the importation of gold and silver from the Americas into their economy?

A) It grew to be the wealthiest nation in Europe. B) It experienced high inflation which eventually led to its decline. C) It rivaled England as the greatest European power. D) It immediately fell into a depression.

103. WHII.4e,f Which three way trade pattern is correct if started at the parent country?

A) slaves, raw materials, manufactured goodsB) raw materials, slaves, manufactured goodsC) manufactured goods, raw materials, slavesD) manufactured goods, slaves, raw materials

104. WHII.4e,f The Europeans established a trade pattern between Africa, the Americas, and Europe which became known as

A) mercantilism B) the Columbian Exchange C) the Commercial Revolution D) the Triangular Trade

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105. WHII.4e,f What country became the most powerful in Europe because of gold and silver from the Americas?

A) England B) Portugal C) Spain D) France

106. WHII.5a At its peak, the Ottoman Empire controlled all of the following regions EXCEPT

A) Southwest Asia B) Southeast Europe C) North Africa D) South America

107. WHII.5a What unified the Ottoman Empire?

A) Islamic religion B) power of pope C) Catholic faith D) Holy Roman Emperor

108. WHII.5a In the Ottoman Empire,

A) all religions except Islam were outlawed B) people of other monotheistic religions were allowed to practice their faith C) followers of Christianity were persecuted D) the courts of the Inquisition were used to punish heretics

109. WHII.5a The Ottoman Empire was known as a center for trade. Two of its most important trade items were

A) gold and salt B) ceramics and coffee C) silk and porcelain D) spices and cotton

110. WHII.5b What religion is associated with the Mughal Empire?

A) Christianity B) Judaism C) Islam D) Buddhism

111. WHII.5b With which European nation did the Mughal Empire not trade?

A) England B) France C) Portugal D) Netherlands

112. WHII.5b The Mughal Empire was located

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A) in northern Italy B) on the Iberian Peninsula C) in North India D) in China

113. WHII.5c China and Japan attempted to limit foreign influence

A) through public education B) through religious ceremonies C) by an open door policy D) by limiting the trading rights of Europeans

114. WHII.5c How did China try to control trade with Europe?

A) adopting a policy of total isolation B) creating foreign business enclaves C) instituting high import fees D) conducting military actions

115. WHII.5c All of the following were highly demanded Chinese goods in Europe EXCEPT

A) tea B) porcelain C) silk D) coffee

116. WHII.4d What does the chart describe?

A) the Triangle Trade B) the Commercial Revolution C) the Columbian Exchange D) the Middle Passage

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118. WHII.5c According to the map, what number is Japan?

A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4

119. WHII.5d The trans-Atlantic voyage from Africa to the Americas is known as what?

A) long haul B) Middle Passage C) the second leg D) the Gulf Stream

120. WHII.5d Which two products were introduced to Africa from the Americas changing their traditional economy?

A) cotton and tea B) livestock and gold C) corn and peanuts D) tobacco and wheat

121. WHII.6a Sir Isaac Newton is associated with laws of

A) electricity B) motion and gravity C) human biology D) astronomy

122.

WHII.6a Who was the first astronomer to study the night sky through a telescope?

A) Copernicus B) Kepler C) Ptolemy D) Galileo

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123. WHII.6a What theory states that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the solar system?

A) geocentric B) heliocentric C) solarcentric D) copernicentric

124. WHII.6a Who was the English doctor who proposed that the heart acted as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body?

A) Andreas Vesalius B) Galen C) William Harvey D) Robert Hooke

125. WHII.6a Which of the following was not a result of the Scientific Revolution?

A) emphasis on reason B) formulation of the scientific method C) emphasis on religion D) expansion of scientific knowledge

126. WHII.6a Copernicus challenged traditional views of the universe by claiming that

A) the earth revolves around the sun. B) the earth stands still. C) the moon, planets and stars are perfect, unchanging bodies. D) every body in the universe revolves around the earth in perfect circles.

127. WHII.6b Who was the Russian czar who was very successful in the attempt to modernize the Russian government and society?

A) Ivan the Terrible B) Peter the Great C) Catherine the Great D) Frederick the Great

128. WHII.6b Who was “The Sun King”?

A) Henry IV B) Charles II C) Louis XVI D) Louis XIV

129. WHII.6b In what country did Louis XIV rule?

A) France B) Prussia C) Russia D) England

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130. WHII.6b In what country would you find the grave of Peter the Great?


131. WHII.6b If you traveled back in time, in what country could you meet Frederick the Great?


132. WHII.6b Who was known to have said, “I am the State!”

A) Louis XIV B) Peter the Great C) Frederick the Great D) Elizabeth I

133. WHII.6b During the Age of Absolutism, governmental power in most European states was

A) held solely in the hands of one monarch. B) split into three branches and shared amongst several government bodies. C) very weak and as a result, most European countries became less powerful in comparison to the rest of the world. D) held completely by the people. They elected government officials to take care of them.

134. WHII.6b The idea that rulers receive their authority to rule from God and are answerable only to God is called

A) divine right of kings B) mercantilism C) divine intervention D) absolutism

135. WHII.6c A government in which a king’s power is limited by a written document and a legislative body is

A) a constitutional monarchy B) an absolute monarchy C) a dictatorship D) a social contract

136. WHII.6c In England, political parties began to develop. The _?_ supported the monarchy and the _?_ supported Parliament.

A) Tories, Whigs B) Whigs, Roundheads C) Whigs, Tories D) Cavaliers, Tories

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137. WHII.6c What caused these changes in England?

A) Restoration B) English Civil War C) Magna Carta D) English Bill of Rights

138. WHII.6c What do these statements describe?

A) Reasons for the English Civil War B) Provisions of the English Bill of Rights C) Causes of the Glorious Revolution D) Results of Charles II’s Reign

139. WHII.6c Which statement about Oliver Cromwell is FALSE?

A) He had the king of England executed after a long civil war. B) He was extremely strict and religious. C) He revived Catholicism is England. D) He ruled England himself after the English Civil War.

140. WHII.6c The signing of the English Bill of Rights in 1689 by William and Mary had which of the following effects?

A) It increased the power of the monarch. B) It increased the power of Parliament over the king. C) It brought peace to England after centuries of war. D) It caused a rift between Catholics and Protestants in England.

141. WHII.6c What were the two sides in the English Civil War?

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A) The Whigs and the Tories B) The Cavaliers and the Roundheads C) The Democrats and the Republicans D) The Redcoats and the Bluecoats

142. WHII.6d According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the best form of government?

A) democracy B) constitutional monarchy C) absolute monarchy D) republic

143. WHII.6d According to John Locke, all people have a right to what?

A) Vote on all the laws passed in their country B) Life, liberty and property C) Say anything they want to without the threat of persecution D) Own firearms

144. WHII.6d During the Enlightenment, what form of government became unpopular in the eyes of most philosophers and artists?

A) Democracy B) Constitutional Monarchy C) Absolute Monarchy D) A republic

145. WHII.6d Who wrote The Social Contract?

A) Thomas Jefferson B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau C) John Locke D) Thomas Hobbes

146. WHII.6d Who wrote Leviathan?


147. WHII.6d Who is the author of the American Declaration of Independence?


148. WHII.6d Who wrote Two Treatises on Government?

A) Thomas JeffersonB) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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C) John Locke D) Thomas Hobbes

149. WHII.6d Baron de Montesquieu believed that a government’s power

A) belonged in the hands of an absolute monarch B) should never be used to wage war C) could be undermined by policies of religious tolerance D) was best if it included separation of powers

150. WHII.6d Jean Jacques Rousseau argued

A) leaders should make decisions based only on reason B) government inhibited man’s natural tendency toward violence C) a civilization could be measured only by its level of scientific knowledge D) government is a contract between rulers and the people

151. WHII.6d According to Thomas Hobbes,

A) people can rebel if the government fails to uphold their rights B) the state must have central authority to manage behavior C) citizens should never consent to monarchical rule D) people are peaceful by nature and are only corrupted by institutions

152. WHII.6d The American Constitution was MOST influenced by the writings of

A) Johannes Kepler B) Jean Jacques Rousseau C) Montesquieu D) Voltaire

153. WHII.6g The Enlightenment figure Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:

A) was a magnificent absolute ruler who expanded education in his country. B) was an important scientist. C) wrote extensive books on the philosophy of government. D) was a brilliant musician and composer.

154. WHII.6g What new form of literature was established during the Enlightenment?

A) epic poem B) free form verse C) novel D) sonnet

155. WHII.6g Another name for the Enlightenment was the

A) Age of Revolution B) Age of Questioning

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C) Age of Tolerance D) Age of Reason

156. WHII.6g Who was a French philosopher of the Enlightenment?

A) Erasmus B) Luther C) Voltaire D) Cortez

157. WHII.6e,f The fall of the Bastille was important because it

A) freed many political prisoners. B) showed popular support for revolutionary change. C) led to the arrest of the king. D) forced the king to grant a constitution.

158. WHII.6e,f Which estate included the nobility?

A) First B) Second C) Third D) Fourth

159. WHII.6e,f The group in power during the Reign of Terror was called the

A) Girondists. B) Royalists. C) Jacobins. D) Napoleons.

160. WHII.6e,f During the Reign of Terror, Robespierre tried to

A) execute all nobles in France. B) restore the Catholic Church. C) crush all opposition to the revolution. D) negotiate treaties with Austria and Prussia.

161. WHII.6e,f How did the French Revolution end in 1799?

A) King Louis XVII returned to France as absolute monarch B) a pure democracy was established throughout France C) a mixed constitutional government with separation of powers was established D) Napoleon took power as a dictator

162. WHII.6e,f Which of the following was not a major cause of the French Revolution?

A) French participation in the American Revolution B) the rise of Napoleon

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C) the influence of Enlightenment ideas D) dissatisfaction with the French absolute monarchy

163. WHII.6e,f What was one result of the French Revolution?

A) King Louis XVI was restored to the throne. B) The French assisted the Americans to win independence. C) King Louis XVI was beheaded and absolutism in France was ended. D) The French conquered the Bastille ending foreign domination in their country.

164. WHII.6e,f The former slave who led a revolution against France, ultimately making Haiti an independent country in 1804 was

A) Simon Bolivar. B) Toussaint L’Ouverture. C) Napoleon. D) Robespierre.

165. WHII.6e,f Which of the following leaders is not correctly matched with the area in which they led revolutionary movements?

A) Toussaint L’Ouverture=Haiti B) Simon Bolivar=South America C) Robespierre=Great Britain D) Napoleon=France

166 WHII.6e,f The bourgeoisie was the most influential group during the French Revolution. What ideas influenced them?

A) Enlightenment B) Renaissance C) Reformation D) Commercial Revolution

167. WHII.6e,f Who rose to power through a coup d’état against the Directory?

A) Robespierre B) Louis XVI C) Napoleon D) Voltaire

168. WHII.7a By saying “When France sneezes, Europe catches cold,” Metternich meant that

A) France was still a danger to the balance of power in Europe. B) revolutions that broke out in France spread to other parts of Europe. C) French nationalists were stirring up trouble all over Europe. D) most infectious diseases entered Europe from ports in France.

169. WHII.7a In the early 1800s, which people were most likely to support conservatism?

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A) nobles B) the middle class C) city workers D) nationalists

170. WHII.7a The MAIN aim of the delegates to the Congress of Vienna was to

A) punish France for the Napoleonic Wars. B) restore the balance of power in Europe. C) consider proposals for reform being made by liberals and radicals. D) preserve the reforms made during the Napoleonic era.

171. WHII.7a Which one of the following political philosophies did not play a central role in the Congress of Vienna?

A) liberalism B) conservatism C) fascism D) nationalism

172. WHII.7a How did the Napoleonic Code reflect Enlightenment principles?

A) It guaranteed the equality of all citizens before the law. B) It guaranteed women equal rights. C) It valued individual rights above all. D) It valued the security of the state over individual liberty.

173. WHII.7a What is the lasting effect of Napoleon’s rule?

A) ending of the French monarchy B) increase in French exports C) Napoleonic Code of law D) decrease in French ability to influence the world

174. WHII.7a Napoleon’s conquest of Europe was responsible for awakening feelings of resentment toward foreign rule and the desire for independence. What are these feelings called?

A) imperialism B) idealism C) liberalism D) nationalism

175. WHII.7a At the height of his power Napoleon controlled

A) France, western Europe, British Isles. B) France, Scandinavian countries, and Holland. C) France, and western, central and southern Europe. D) France, central Europe, Russia.

178

. WHII.7a The Congress of Vienna created a balance of power with five powers in Europe. Which nation was not one of these powers?

A) Austria B) Prussia

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C) Poland D) France

179. WHII.7a The Code Napoleon was important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A) it became the basis of many European law codes B) Napoleon instituted it throughout Europe and his empire C) it gave all people equal rights under the law D) Catholicism became the official religion of France

180. WHII.7b What encouraged discontent throughout Europe during the 1800’s?

A) terms of the Congress of Vienna B) unification movement in Italy C) abolition of slavery D) colonization of Africa and Asia

181. WHII.7b What was the MOST powerful force behind European politics in the nineteenth century?

A) conservatism B) absolutism C) nationalism D) liberalism

182. WHII.7b The widespread demand for political rights in Europe led to

A) slavery B) revolutions C) universal suffrage D) new laws

183. WHII.7b In contrast to continental Europe, how did the British expand their political rights?

A) through revolutions B) through legislation C) through wars D) through unification

184. WHII.7b During the 1800’s, Great Britain did all of the following EXCEPT

A) made slavery illegal in the British Empire B) had an Industrial Revolution C) expanded political rights through legislation D) outlawed political parties

185. WHII.7b The Revolutions of 1848 failed largely because

A) workers opposed radical changes B) revolutionary leaders moved to the United States C) revolutionaries were not organized or coordinated D) Metternich proposed peaceful solutions to problems

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186. WHII.7b What was the result of the failure of the revolutions of 1848?

A) increased nationalist tensions B) more men gained political rights C) Metternich gained political power D) Congress of Vienna met to solve problems of Europe

187. WHII.7b Generally, the revolutions of 1848 are remembered as what type of revolutions?

A) expansionist B) communist C) liberal D) realist

188. WHII.7b The Parliamentary legislation that made slavery illegal was called what?

A) Six Acts B) Reform Bill of 1832 C) Abolition of Slavery Act of 1833 D) Peterloo Reform

189. WHII.7c After 1848, the struggle to unite Italy was led by

A) the pope B) Bismarck C) Count Cavour D) Metternich

190. WHII.7c Who overthrew the government of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, thus uniting southern and northern Italy?

A) Giuseppe Garibaldi B) Victor Emmanuel II C) Camillo de Cavour D) Charles Albert

191. WHII.7c By 1860 all the Italian Peninsula was unified except for

A) the Two Sicilies. B) Rome and the Papal States. C) Lombardy and Venetia. D) Sardinia.

192. WHII.7c One of Garibaldi’s main contributions to the unification of Italy was

A) conquering the northern Italian states. B) defeating Cavour. C) driving the Bourbons out of southern Italy. D) capturing Rome.

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193. WHII.7d What war was the last step in Germany’s unification?

A) Thirty Years War B) Napoleonic War C) Franco-Prussian War D) Crimean War

194. WHII.7d Who led Prussia in its efforts to unify Germany?

A) Count Cavour B) William I C) Otto von Bismarck D) Giuseppe Garibaldi

195. WHII.7d To justify political actions which use all means to achieve and hold power is called what?

A) legitimacy B) self-determination C) nationalism D) realpolitik

196. WHII.7d Who used the principle of realpolitik to unify Germany?

A) Prince Metternich B) Count Cavour C) Otto von Bismarck D) Giuseppe Garibaldi

197. WHII.7d Prussia was eager to go to war with France in 1870 because it

A) wanted to rule France B) wanted to control Spain C) hoped war with France would ruin France’s economy D) hoped war with France would help unite Germany

198. WHII.8a In the 1800’s, rich British farmers built fences around land, forcing small farmers into cities or factory work. This event is called the

A) Enclosure Movement B) Suffrage Movement C) Crop Rotation Movement D) Labor Movement

199. WHII.8a All of the following were reasons why Britain was the first to industrialize EXCEPT

A) abundant natural resources B) availability of workers C) improvements in the steam engine D) factory system

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200. WHII.8a In the period before the Industrial Revolution, the production of goods in the home was called what?

A) enclosure movementB) cottage industryC) factory systemD) home made

201. WHII.8a Who invented a new way to strengthen steel so that it could be used for machines, buildings, and transportation?

A) George Stephenson B) Eli Whitney C) Henry Bessemer D) James Watt

202. WHII.8a Who developed a vaccine for smallpox?

A) Louis Pasteur B) Eli Whitney C) Edward Jenner D) Henry Bessemer

203. WHII.8a What did Louis Pasteur discover?

A) smallpox B) steam engine C) bacteria D) cotton gin

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