2012 air quality updating and screening assessment · monmouthshire county council updating and...

2012 Air Quality

Updating and Screening

Assessment:

Monmouthshire County

Council

April 2012

Monmouthshire County Council Updating and Screening Assessment

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Client Monmouthshire County Council Principal Contact Paul White

Report Prepared By: Kiri Brown and Dr Clare Beattie

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Report No. Date Status Reviewed by

1407/1/F1 27 April 2012 Draft Report Prof. Duncan Laxen

1407/1/F2 10 May 2012 Final Report Paul White

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Job Number J1407


J1407 1 of 52 April 2012

Executive Summary

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management process as set out in

Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales

and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

This document is Monmouthshire County Council’s fourth Updating and Screening

Assessment. Results from monitoring by the Council are presented and sources of air

pollution are identified. The Updating and Screening Assessment determines those changes

since the last assessment, which could lead to the risk of an air quality objective being

exceeded.

This Updating and Screening Assessment confirms that air quality within Monmouthshire

continues to meet the relevant air quality objectives outside of the declared AQMAs. Within

the AQMAs there are still exceedences of the nitrogen dioxide objective at Hardwick Hill,

Chepstow and Bridge Street, Usk.

Monitoring location AB1, Merthyr Rd (A4143), Abergavenny had a concentration in 2011 of

39.4 µg/m3. Concentrations at this site have been gradually increasing over the last few

years. As there are a number of developments in the vicinity of this diffusion tube site, which

may increase traffic in the area, further diffusion tubes are being deployed within

Abergavenny, at worst-case relevant locations.

There have been no new industrial installations and no new or substantially altered roads

within Monmouthshire. There are also no new commercial, domestic or fugitive sources of

emissions. This assessment therefore determines that a Detailed Assessment for air quality

within Monmouthshire is not necessary for any pollutant.


J1407 2 of 52 April 2012

Contents

1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 4

1.1. Description of Local Authority Area .................................................................................. 4

1.2. Purpose of Report ............................................................................................................ 4

1.3. Air Quality Objectives ....................................................................................................... 4

1.4. Summary of Previous Review and Assessments ............................................................ 6

2 New Monitoring Data ................................................................................................... 11

2.1. Summary of Monitoring Undertaken .............................................................................. 11

2.2. Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives ................................................. 19

3 Road Traffic Sources ................................................................................................... 27

3.1. Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb .................... 27

3.2. Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic ..................... 27

3.3. Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or HGVs. ........................................................... 27

3.4. Junctions ........................................................................................................................ 28

3.5. New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment .................................................................................................................... 28

3.6. Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic Flows ............................................................ 28

4 Other Transport Sources ............................................................................................. 30

4.1. Airports ........................................................................................................................... 30

4.2. Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains) .............................................................................. 30

4.3. Ports (Shipping).............................................................................................................. 30

5 Industrial Sources ........................................................................................................ 32

5.1. Industrial Installations ..................................................................................................... 32

5.2. Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots ............................................................................... 33

5.3. Petrol Stations ................................................................................................................ 33

5.4. Poultry Farms ................................................................................................................. 33

6 Commercial and Domestic Sources ........................................................................... 34

6.1. Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations .............................................................. 34

6.2. Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts ................................................................... 34

6.3. Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning .......................................................................................... 34

7 Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources .............................................................................. 35

8 Action Plan Progress Report ...................................................................................... 36

9 Conclusions and Proposed Actions .......................................................................... 46

9.1. Conclusions from New Monitoring Data ......................................................................... 46

9.2. Conclusions from Assessment of Sources .................................................................... 46

9.3. Proposed Actions ........................................................................................................... 46

10 References .................................................................................................................... 47

11 Appendices ................................................................................................................... 48


J1407 3 of 52 April 2012

Tables

Table 1.1: Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in Wales ......... 5

Table 2.1: Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites ............................................................................ 12

Table 2.2: Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites .................................................................... 17

Table 2.3: Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective (2007 – 2011) ....................................................................................... 20

Table 2.4: Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective .............................................................................................................. 20

Table 2.5: Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes in 2011..................................................... 21

Table 2.6: Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes (2007 to 2011) ......................................... 22

Table 2.7: Results of Automatic Monitoring of PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective .... 24

Table 2.8: Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour mean Objective ........................................................................................................................ 24

Table 2.9: Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM2.5: Comparison with 24-hour mean Objective ........................................................................................................................ 25

Table 8.1 Action Planning Measures in Usk .................................................................................... 38

Table 8.2 Action Planning Measures in Chepstow .......................................................................... 41

Table A1.1: Local Bias Adjustment Factor .................................................................................... 49

Figures

Figure 1.1: AQMA Bridge Street, Usk © Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415 (2011) ....................................................... 9

Figure 1.2: Hardwick Hill, Chepstow AQMA © Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415 (2011) ..................................................... 10

Figure 2.1: Map of Current Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Locations in Chepstow (AQMA boundary shown in red) © Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415 (2011) ............................................................................... 13

Figure 2.2: Map of Current Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Locations in Monmouth © Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415 (2011) .......................................................................................................... 14

Figure 2.3: Map of Current Monitoring Locations in Usk (AQMA shaded green) © Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415 (2011) .......................................................................................................... 15

Figure 2.4: Map of Current Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Location on Merthyr Road, Abergavenny (AB1) ........................................................................................................ 16

Figure 2.5: Trends in Annual Mean nitrogen dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations .................... 19


J1407 4 of 52 April 2012

1 Introduction

1.1. Description of Local Authority Area

Monmouthshire is located in the south east of Wales, bordering Gloucestershire,

Herefordshire, Powys, Torfaen and Newport. The main towns in Monmouthshire are

Monmouth, Chepstow, Usk and Abergavenny. Air quality is generally good in Monmouthshire,

although areas in Chepstow and Usk have previously been identified as having exceedences

of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective and have subsequently been declared as Air

Quality Management Areas (AQMAs). Traffic is the main source of emissions, both in the

AQMAs and elsewhere in the County.

1.2. Purpose of Report

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management process as set out in

Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales

and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The

LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air

quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be

achieved. Where exceedences are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an

Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting

out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

The objective of this Updating and Screening Assessment is to identify any matters that have

changed which may lead to risk of an air quality objective being exceeded. A checklist

approach and screening tools are used to identify significant new sources or changes and

whether there is a need for a Detailed Assessment. The Updating and Screening Assessment

report should provide an update of any outstanding information requested previously in

Review and Assessment reports.

1.3. Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in Wales are set out in the Air Quality (Wales)

Regulations 2000, No. 1940 (Wales 138), and Air Quality (Amendment) (Wales) Regulations

2002, No 3182 (Wales 298), and are summarised in Table 1.1. This table shows the objectives

in units of microgrammes per cubic metre g/m3 (milligrammes per cubic metre, mg

/m

3 for

carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are permitted (where

applicable).


J1407 5 of 52 April 2012

Table 1.1: Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in Wales

Pollutant

Air Quality Objective Date to be achieved

by Concentration Measured as

Benzene 16.25 µg/m

3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003

5.00 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2010

1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003

Carbon

monoxide 10.0 mg/m

3 Running 8-hour mean 31.12.2003

Lead 0.5 µg/m

3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008

Nitrogen

dioxide

200 µg/m3 not to be

exceeded more than 18

times a year

1-hour mean 31.12.2005

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005

Particles

(PM10)

(gravimetric)

50 µg/m3, not to be


times a year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

Sulphur

dioxide



times a year

1-hour mean 31.12.2004



times a year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004



times a year

15-minute mean 31.12.2005


J1407 6 of 52 April 2012

1.4. Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

Monmouthshire County Council completed an Updating and Screening Assessment In June

2003 (Monmouthshire County Council, 2003). The Updating and Screening Assessment,

along with the results of subsequent monitoring, led to the decision to carry out a Detailed

Assessment of nitrogen dioxide at four specific roadside areas. In Monmouth the junction of

the A40 and A466 Weybridge Street, and the junction of A466 Monk Street and Priory Street

were assessed. In Chepstow, the A48 Hardwick Hill/Mount Pleasant, and in Usk, Bridge

Street, were assessed.

In November 2004 results from monitoring nitrogen dioxide over a 9-month period were

reported in an Interim Detailed Assessment, which was submitted to the Welsh Assembly

Government (Monmouthshire County Council, 2004). This concluded that an Air Quality

Management Area (AQMA) should be declared covering the Bridge Street area of Usk.

However the evidence in the case of Monmouth and Chepstow remained marginal, and was

considered to be insufficiently robust to reach a decision.

In February 2005 monitoring data for a full 12-month period for Monmouth, Chepstow and Usk

were reviewed as part of the Detailed Assessment (Monmouthshire County Council, 2005a).

The results confirmed the findings of the Interim Detailed Assessment that there was a

likelihood of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective being exceeded at relevant locations

alongside Bridge Street, Usk. An AQMA was therefore proposed for this location. However,

the full set of monitoring data from Monmouth and Chepstow indicated that it was unlikely that

the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective would be exceeded. Thus AQMAs were not

required at that time. Predicted concentrations for 2005 were only just below the objectives

alongside Hardwick Hill, Chepstow and Wyebridge Street, Monmouth. It was therefore

determined that monitoring would continue at relevant locations in these areas.

The 2005 Progress Report (Monmouthshire County Council, 2005b) showed that nitrogen

dioxide concentrations were above the objective in Bridge Street, Usk, confirming the

requirement for an AQMA. Measured concentrations along Hardwick Hill were close to the

objectives, elsewhere concentrations were below the objective.

In November 2005 an AQMA was declared for Bridge Street, Usk. The location is shown in

Figure 1.1. A Further Assessment has been completed for this location (Monmouhtshire

County Council , 2007), which concluded that the AQMA should be retained, with no changes

to its boundary.

An Action Plan has also been written for Usk, which was approved by Monmouthshire County

Council Cabinet on 29th July 2009. The Action Plan was updated and submitted to the Welsh

Assembly Government for appraisal on 9th September 2009. The appraisal letter was sent on

18th November 2009 in which the Welsh Assembly concluded that the Action Plan was

comprehensive and had every chance of being successful.


J1407 7 of 52 April 2012

The 2006 Updating and Screening Assessment (Monmouthshire County Council, 2006)

indicated that there were exceedences of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective at

relevant locations alongside a small section of Hardwick Hill, Chepstow. A Detailed

Assessment had been carried out for this area in 2004/5 and it was therefore proposed to

declare an AQMA without an additional Detailed Assessment. The AQMA was declared in

April 2007 and is shown in Figure 1.2. In May 2008 a Further Assessment of air quality within

the Chepstow AQMA was completed, which concluded that whilst the annual mean nitrogen

dioxide objective was exceeded in 2007 within the AQMA, the exceedences were not

widespread throughout the AQMA but were focussed on the steeper section of the hill

(Monmouthshire County Council, 2008a). Only one of the 10 monitoring locations in and

around the AQMA exceeded the objective and the modelled data predicted a smaller

exceedence area than the existing AQMA. This was confined to the facades of eight

residential properties. However, to avoid cycling between declaration and revocation of AQMA

boundaries due to year to year changes in concentrations, it was decided that the AQMA

boundary should be retained in its original form.

An Action Plan for Chepstow was developed in partnership with the Chepstow Air Quality

steering group. In October 2009 two local stakeholder workshops were held during which it

became evident that the first action in the plan should be an Origin and Destination Study

(O&DS). It was decided that rather than submit an Action Plan with an O&DS as an action the

study should be undertaken prior to finalising the Action Plan to inform the other actions. The

Origin and Destination study was undertaken during the summer of 2010.

The 2008 Progress Report indicated that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective was

expected to be exceeded at relevant locations along Bridge St., Usk and Hardwick Hill/Mount

Pleasant, Chepstow (Monmouthshire County Council, 2008b). Elsewhere in the County of

Monmouthshire, air quality objectives were expected to be achieved. There had been no

developments in Monmouthshire in 2007 that would have significantly affected air quality,

however concern had been raised by residents of Undy, Magor and Rogiet in the south of

Monmouthshire as to the implications that the new M4 relief road (that at the time was planned

to be built in 2011) would have had for local air quality.

The 2009 Updating and Screening Assessment was completed in May 2009 and concluded

that little had changed in terms of sources of emissions in Monmouthshire since the second

Updating and Screening Assessment was undertaken in 2006 and determined that a Detailed

Assessment for air quality within Monmouthshire was not necessary for any pollutant

(Monmouthshire County Council, 2009). The report confirmed that monitoring was being

undertaken at three residential properties in the Undy and Magor area that are in close

proximity to the intended M4 relief road between January 2009 and January 2010.

The 2010 Progress Report was completed in May 2010 and concluded that only the Usk

AQMA and Chepstow AQMA were exceeding the nitrogen dioxide objective level and that the

three additional nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube monitoring locations in Undy and Magor were


J1407 8 of 52 April 2012

below the objective level and these monitoring sites would therefore be discontinued

(Monmouthshire County Council, 2010). As the exceedences were all within the current

AQMAs there was no requirement to proceed to a Detailed Assessment for any pollutant. The

report identified that one additional nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube location was to be installed

during 2010 just outside the boundary of the Chepstow AQMA. Both PM10 and nitrogen

dioxide levels were shown to be lower during 2009 than they were in 2008 across all

monitoring locations. The report also identified that there were three large residential

developments and a public sector building either proposed or at the construction phase that

might have an impact on increasing traffic, and in turn might have an impact on nitrogen

dioxide and particulate matter levels.

The 2011 Progress Report was completed in June 2011 and concluded that nitrogen dioxide

is still the only pollutant that exceeds the objective level, and these exceedences are

contained in the two declared AQMAs in Usk and Chepstow. It concluded that a Detailed

Assessment for air quality within Monmouthshire was not necessary for any pollutant.

The Chepstow Action Plan was finalised by Monmouthshire County Council in August 2011

and accepted by the Welsh Government in September 2011. Further information on the

implementation of actions can be found in Chapter 8 of this report.


J1407 9 of 52 April 2012

Figure 1.1: AQMA Bridge Street, Usk © Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415 (2011)

N


J1407 10 of 52 April 2012

Figure 1.2: Hardwick Hill, Chepstow AQMA © Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415 (2011)

N


J1407 11 of 52 April 2012

2 New Monitoring Data

2.1. Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1. Automatic Monitoring Sites

Monmouthshire operates one automatic monitor in Chepstow at the Air Quality Monitoring

Station (AQMS) on the A48 at Hardwick Hill, which measures nitrogen dioxide, PM10, and

(since February 2010) PM2.5 concentrations (Table 2.1 and shown in Figure 2.1).

In February 2010 the PM10 monitor was upgraded to a TEOM-FDMS (Filter Dynamics

Measurement System) PM10 monitor and a TEOM-FDMS PM2.5 monitor was introduced.

TEOM-FDMS monitors are accepted as giving results equivalent to the European Gravimetric

Standard Method.

The nitrogen dioxide monitor is a Monitor Labs 9841B chemiluminescence analyser.

The automatic monitor became part of the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN in

January 2008) and is serviced by Casella Monitor on a 6 monthly basis and audited by AEAT

twice per year. The data is collected and ratified by AEA Technology on behalf of the Welsh

Air Quality Forum (WAQF) and published on the WAQF website every hour

(http://www.welshairquality.co.uk).


J1407 12 of 52 April 2012

Table 2.1: Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site Name

Site Type OS GridRef Pollutants

Monitored In AQMA?

Monitoring

Technique

Relevant

Exposure?

(Y/N with

distance (m) to

relevant

exposure)

Distance to

kerb of

nearest road

Does this

location

represent

worst-case

exposure?

A48 Hardwick Hill, Chepstow

Roadside ST5312893472

PM10

PM2.5

NOx

NO2

Yes TEOM FDMS

Chemilumin escence

Y 3m Y


J1407 13 of 52 April 2012

2.1.2. Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

All non-automatic monitoring undertaken in Monmouthshire uses diffusion tubes to monitor for

nitrogen dioxide along the road networks close to sensitive receptors such as schools and

houses. In 2011 Monmouthshire County Council operated 21 nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes

within Monmouthshire. This included using three tubes to undertake a co-location study with

the Automatic Air Quality Monitoring Station (AQMS) in Chepstow. In addition three tubes

were used to undertake a second co-location study with Newport City Council’s AQMS in

Malpas. These were removed in May 2011 due to Newport City Council’s decision to close the

monitoring station. Data for the Newport co-location study have not been included in this

report.

Locations of the diffusion tubes are shown in Figure 2.1 to Figure 2.4

Monmouthshire County Council uses diffusion tubes prepared and analysed by Gradko using

20% TEA in Water. Information on adjustments made to diffusion tube data can be found in

Appendix A.

Figure 2.1: Map of Current Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Locations in Chepstow (AQMA boundary shown in red) © Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415 (2011)


J1407 14 of 52 April 2012

Figure 2.2: Map of Current Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Locations in Monmouth © Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415 (2011)


J1407 15 of 52 April 2012

Figure 2.3: Map of Current Monitoring Locations in Usk (AQMA shaded green) © Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415 (2011)


J1407 16 of 52 April 2012

Figure 2.4: Map of Current Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Location on Merthyr Road, Abergavenny (AB1)

© Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Monmouthshire County Council, 100023415

(2011)


J1407 17 of 52 April 2012

Table 2.2: Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site Name ID Site Type OS Grid

Ref

Pollutants

Monitored

In

AQMA?

Collocated

with a

Continuous

Analyser?

Relevant Exposure?

(Y/N with distance (m)

Distance to

kerb of

nearest

road

Worst-case

exposure?

38 Larkfield Park, Chepstow

CH1 Roadside ST528933 NO2 Yes N Yes 10m Y

R/A sign at Larkfield School, Newport Road (A48) Chepstow


Wayside, Hardwick Hill (A48) Chepstow


2 Hardwick Hill (A48) Chepstow.


1 Ashfield House, Mount Pleasant (A48) Chepstow


Rainwater Pipe, Hill House, Hardwick Hill (A48) Chepstow.


Rainwater Pipe Hardwick Terrace, Chepstow

CH7 Roadside ST 53164

93663 NO2 Yes N Yes 1m Y

Lamp post, Moor Street, Chepstow

CH8 Kerbside ST 53218

93728 NO2 No N Yes 1m Y

Restway Wall, Garden City Way, (A48) Chepstow

CH9 Roadside ST531937 NO2 No N Yes 11m Y

AQMS Hardwick Hill (A48) Chepstow

AQ1-3 Roadside ST531934 NO2 Yes Y Yes 3m Y

School House, Wyebridge Street, Monmouth

MM1 Roadside SO512129 NO2 No N Yes 4m Y


J1407 18 of 52 April 2012

Site Name ID Site Type OS Grid

Ref

Pollutants

Monitored

In

AQMA?

Collocated

with a

Continuous

Analyser?

Relevant Exposure?

(Y/N with distance (m)

Distance to

kerb of

nearest

road

Worst-case

exposure?

Flat 1, Granville Street, Monmouth

MM2 Intermediat

e SO512128 NO2 No N Yes 25m Y

Lamp post adjacent 21 St. James Square, Monmouth

MM3 Kerbside SO510129 NO2 No N Yes 1m Y

No entry sign, junction Monnow St./St. John St. Monmouth

MM4 Kerbside SO 50719


Lamp post Merthyr Rd. (A4143), Abergavenny

AB1 Kerbside SO 29167


14A Castle Parade, Usk USK1 Kerbside SO 37851


Castle Court, Usk. Rainwater Pipe

USK2 Kerbside SO376090 NO2 Yes N Yes 1m Y

White Hart, 5 Bridge Street, Usk Rainwater Pipe


35 Bridge Street, Usk USK4 Kerbside SO376008 NO2 Yes N Yes 1m Y

Lamp Post adjacent to No.16 Bridge Street, Usk


4 Usk Bridge Mews, Usk Rainwater Pipe

USK6 Roadside SO375008 NO2 Yes N Yes 6m Y


J1407 19 of 52 April 2012

2.2. Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives

2.2.1. Nitrogen Dioxide

2.2.2. Automatic Monitoring Data

The nitrogen dioxide results measured by the automatic monitor on Hardwick Hill in Chepstow

show that the annual mean and the hourly mean objectives were met in 2011, 2010, 2009 and

previously in 2007, however the annual mean objective was exceeded in 2008 (Table 2.3 and

Table 2.4). Figure 2.5 shows trends of nitrogen dioxide and PM10 is included. Concentrations

of nitrogen dioxide have been increasing slightly at Hardwick Hill.

Figure 2.5: Trends in Annual Mean nitrogen dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

An

nu

al

Avera

ge (

ug

/m3)

Year

Nitrogen Dioxide

PM10

PM2.5


J1407 20 of 52 April 2012

Table 2.3: Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective (2007 – 2011)

Site ID Site Type

Within

AQMA? Valid Data Capture

for period of monitoring %

a

Valid Data Capture 2011 %

b

Annual Mean Concentration g/m3

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

A48 Hardwick Hill, Chepstow

Roadside Yes 98.8 98.8 36.9 41.9 38 39.0 40.0

Objective 40

a i.e. data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year.

b i.e. data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for six months the maximum data capture for the full calendar year would be 50%.)

Table 2.4: Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective

Site ID Site Type

Within

AQMA? Valid Data Capture

for period of monitoring %

a

Valid Data Capture 2011 %

b

Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean (200 g/m3)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

A48 Hardwick Hill,

Chepstow Roadside Yes 98.8 98.8

0 0 0 0 0




J1407 21 of 52 April 2012

2.2.3. Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

The nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube data are summarised in Table 2.5. The full datasets

(monthly mean values) are included in Appendix B.

The nitrogen dioxide results measured by diffusion tubes show that the annual mean objective

has been met at all locations, except for three on Hardwick Hill, Chepstow and one on Bridge

Street, Usk (Table 2.5). All four locations are within AQMAs.

Table 2.5: Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes in 2011

Site ID Site Type

Within AQMA?

Triplicate or

Collocated Tube

Data Capture

2011 (%)

Data with less than 9

months has been

annualised (Y/N)

Confirm if data

has been distance corrected

(Y/N)

Annual mean concentration

(Bias Adjustment

factor = 0.89)

2011 (g/m3)

CH1 Roadside Yes N 100 N N 22.6







CH8 Kerbside No N 100 N N 32.9

CH9 Roadside No N 100 N N 30.5

AQ1-

3 Roadside Yes Triplicate 92/100 N N 42.6

MM1 Roadside No N 100 N N 36.9

MM2 Intermediate No N 100 N N 31.7

MM3 Kerbside No N 83 N N 29.8

MM4 Kerbside No N 100 N N 34.9

AB1 Kerbside No N 100 N N 39.4

USK1 Kerbside No N 100 N N 32.9

USK2 Kerbside Yes N 100 N N 37.0




USK6 Roadside Yes N 100 N N 20.7


J1407 22 of 52 April 2012

Table 2.6: Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes (2007 to 2011)

Site ID Site Type

Within AQMA

?

Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) g/m3

2007 (Bias

Adjustment Factor =

0.84/0.699)a

2008 (Bias

Adjustment Factor =

0.85)

2009 (Bias

Adjustment Factor =

0.84)

2010 (Bias

Adjustment Factor =

0.88)

2011 (Bias

Adjustment Factor =

0.89)

CH1 Roadside Yes 20 23.7 21.4 23.5 22.6

CH2 Roadside Yes 28 33.0 30.0 31 30.7

CH3 Roadside Yes 27 30.7 27 28.7 32.8

CH4 Roadside Yes 49 57.2 53.9 51.5 60.1

CH5 Roadside Yes 29 31.8 30.2 30.3 30.4

CH6 Roadside Yes 37 40.9 36 39.2 40.7

CH7 Roadside Yes 29 31.5 30.2 31.5 30.4

CH8 Kerbside No 28b 33.1 32 32.5 32.9

CH9 Roadside No 25 29.4 27.9 28.7 30.5

AQ1-3 Roadside Yes 37 42.7 40.8 40 42.6

MM1 Roadside No 39 38.5 37.3 36.6 36.9

MM2 Intermediat

e No 31 31.7 30.1 31.3 31.7

MM3 Kerbside No 30 27.8 27.6 30 29.8

MM4 Kerbside No 38b 37.1 34.6 36.1 34.9

AB1 Kerbside No 34b 36.5 36 38.6 39.4

USK1 Kerbside No 33b 32.8 31.1 34.9 32.9

USK2 Kerbside Yes 37 37.2 34.4 40.9 37.0

USK3 Kerbside Yes 40 38.9 35.3 40.6 39.7

USK4 Kerbside Yes 39 39.0 35.4 41.7 40.7

USK5 Kerbside Yes 49 45.6 41.9 45 39.7

USK6 Roadside Yes 24 21.6 20.9 25.6 20.7

a 2007 bias adjustment factors of 0.84 for tubes in Caldicot/Undy, Monmouth, Usk and Abergavenny

determined from the mean adjustment factor of co-location studies with the automatic monitors at

Chepstow, Newport – Malpas and Cardiff. 2007 bias adjustment factors of 0.699 for tubes in

Chepstow determined from a co-location study with the Chepstow automatic monitor

b Measured concentrations between July and December 2007, adjusted to annual mean -

factor 0.957

The nitrogen dioxide data show that within both AQMAs there are still exceedences of air

quality objectives, but that there are no exceedences outside of currently declared AQMAs.

Within the Chepstow AQMA one of the diffusion tubes (CH4) was marginally over 60 µg/m3

indicating a potential exceedence of the hourly objective. The Chepstow AQMA order should

therefore be amended to include the hourly objective.


J1407 23 of 52 April 2012

Monitoring location AB1, Merthyr Rd (A4143), Abergavenny had a concentration in 2011 of

39.4 µg/m3. Concentrations at this site have been gradually increasing over the last few

years. As there are a number of developments in the vicinity of this diffusion tube site, which

may increase traffic in the area, other diffusion tubes being deployed within Abergavenny, at

worst-case relevant locations. Two additional tubes will be located at properties on Merthyr

Road. In addition, in 2013, the three tubes currently located in Raglan will be relocated to

other locations in Abergavenny to monitor the impact of any potential increase in traffic due to

the Cattle Market redevelopment (Morrison’s Superstore) and Aldi. A Detailed Assessment

will not be undertaken at this time, but it is likely that in the future, a Detailed Assessment may

be required. The monitoring will therefore be in place.

2.2.4. PM10

Table 2.7 and 2.8 show the PM10 and Table 2.9 shows the PM2.5 monitoring results from the

automatic monitor on Hardwick Hill, Chepstow. The results confirm that in all cases, objectives

have been met. The PM10 results for 2009 and 2008 were obtained with a TEOM and

corrected using the Volatile Correction Model. The 2007 data and data for 1 January 2010 – 7

February 2010 were corrected using the gravimetric factor of 1.3 for Indicative Gravimetric

Equivalent. The results for 8 February 2010 onwards were obtained using an FDMS,

therefore no correction factor was required.

The PM2.5 data were available from February 2010 when the FDMS analyser was installed.

The PM2.5 objective level is included in the UK Air Quality Strategy, however, it is not included

in Air Quality Regulations, as it is not thought appropriate for local authorities to assess

against them at this time. The CAFÉ Directive (2008/50) set a National Exposure Reduction

Target, a Target Value and a Limit Value for PM2.5. The Target value is 25 µg/m3, as an

annual mean to be achieved by 2010, and the Limit Value is 25 µg/m3, as an annual mean to

be achieved by 2015.


J1407 24 of 52 April 2012

Table 2.7: Results of Automatic Monitoring of PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Site ID Site Type

Within

AQMA?

Valid Data Capture for monitoring Period %

a

Valid

Data

Capture

2011 %b

Confirm

Gravimetric

Equivalent

(Y or NA)

Annual Mean Concentration g/m3

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

A48 Hardwick

Hill, Chepstow

Roadside Yes 84.6 84.6 Y 25 26.3 (22.4c) 23 (22.1

c) 21 22.1

Annual Mean Objective 40



c Values using Volatile Correction Model (http://www.volatile-correction-model.info) as reported in the 2011 Progress Report.

Table 2.8: Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour mean Objective

Site ID Site Type

Within

AQMA?


a

Valid Data

Capture

2011 %b

Confirm

Gravimetric

Equivalent

Number of Exceedences of 24-Hour Mean (50 g/m3)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

A48 Hardwick

Hill, Chepstow

Roadside Yes 84.6 84.6 Y 5 5 (5c) 0 (0

c) 5 10

24-hour Mean Objective 35



c Values using Volatile Correction Model (http://www.volatile-correction-model.info)

http://www.volatile-correction-model.info/


J1407 25 of 52 April 2012

.

Table 2.9: Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM2.5: Comparison with 24-hour mean Objective

Site ID Site Type

Within

AQMA?


a

Valid Data

Capture

2011 %b

Confirm

Gravimetric

Equivalent

Number of Exceedences of 24-Hour Mean (50 g/m3)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

A48 Hardwick

Hill, Chepstow

Roadside Yes 86.4 86.4 Y n/a n/a n/a 19 17.4

Annual Mean Objective 25


J1407 26 of 52 April 2012

2.2.5. Sulphur Dioxide

No monitoring of sulphur dioxide was undertaken by Monmouthshire County Council in 2011.

2.2.6. Benzene

No monitoring of benzene was undertaken by Monmouthshire County Council in 2011.

2.2.7. Other pollutants monitored

There have been no other pollutants monitored within Monmouthshire. Previous Updating and

Screening Assessments and Progress Reports have identified minimal risk of exceeding the

relevant air quality objectives, and therefore monitoring of benzene, 1,3-Butadiene, carbon

monoxide, lead and sulphur dioxide is not undertaken in Monmouthshire.

2.2.8. Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Monmouthshire County Council has examined the results from monitoring in the County.

Concentrations are all below the objectives, therefore there is no need to proceed to a

Detailed Assessment. There is, however, one location in Abergavenny AB1, Merthyr Rd

which is very close to the objective. Concentrations at this site have been increasing over

the last few years. As there are a number of developments in the vicinity of this diffusion tube

site, which may increase traffic in the area, further diffusion tubes are being deployed within

Abergavenny, at worst-case relevant locations.


J1407 27 of 52 April 2012

3 Road Traffic Sources

3.1. Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb

The criteria for assessing narrow congested streets are set out in Box 5.3, section A1 of TG(09).

The AQMA in Usk is a narrow congested street, which was assessed in detail in previous rounds of

review and assessment. In January 2012 three diffusion tube sites were installed in Raglan High

Street as houses are located close to the road and the road gets congested due to vehicle parking

on both sides. The results from these sites will be considered in the 2013 Progress Report. There

are no other locations that have not been considered previously.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there is one newly identified congested street,

Raglan High Street, with a flow above 5,000 vehicles per day and residential properties close

to the kerb, that have not been adequately considered in previous rounds of Review and

Assessment. Diffusion tubes have been installed at this location and the results will be

considered in the 2013 Progress Report.

3.2. Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic

The criteria for assessing busy streets relevant for the hourly nitrogen dioxide objective are set out

in Box 5.3, section A2 of TG(09). Busy streets where people may spend 1-hour or more close to

traffic were considered in the previous Updating and Screening Assessment. One of the diffusion

tube sites within the Chepstow AQMA was marginally over 60 µg/m3 in 2011. It is recommended

that the AQMA is extended to include the hourly objective. There are no other new or newly

identified busy streets which may be at risk of exceeding the hourly objective.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy streets

where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic.

3.3. Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or HGVs.

The criteria for assessing roads with high flows of buses and/ or HGVs are set out in Box 5.3,

section A3 of TG(09). Roads with a high flow of buses and/or HGVs were considered in previous

Updating and Screening Assessments and no such locations identified. Residents of Hardwick Hill

and Usk complain of high levels of HGVs and although these locations do not meet the criteria in

TG(09), both are declared AQMAs and source apportionment work undertaken at each location

has shown a significant proportion of emissions from HGVs.


J1407 28 of 52 April 2012

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with

high flows of buses/HDVs.

3.4. Junctions

The criteria for assessing junctions are set out in Box 5.3, section A4 of TG(09). Junctions were

considered in detail in previous Updating and Screening Assessments and where relevant have

been included in Detailed Assessments and subsequent AQMA declarations.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy

junctions/busy roads.

3.5. New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and

Assessment

The criteria for assessing new roads are set out in Box 5.3, section A5 of TG(09) and are

unchanged from previous rounds of Review and Assessment. There have been no new roads

identified within Monmouthshire.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no new/proposed roads.

3.6. Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic Flows

The criteria for assessing roads with significantly changed traffic flows are set out in Box 5.3,

section A6 of TG(09). There are no roads with an increased traffic flow of 25% on roads with more

than 10,000 vpd. There is, however, a new housing estate on Merthyr Road, Abergavenny being

built. There is planning permission for 150 houses and a retail building, currently the first of the two

phase residential development has been completed and houses were occupied in 2010. The

second phase of the residential build is underway. This development has the potential to increase

traffic on Merthyr Road, and thus potentially increased nitrogen dioxide and PM10. Phase one of the

development could be responsible for the Abergavenny diffusion tube being close to the Objective.

The closest nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube monitoring location is AB1 (Merthyr Road) and this has

recently identified nitrogen dioxide levels just below the objective (36µg/m3 in 2009, 38.6 in 2010

and 39.4 in 2011).

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with

significantly changed traffic flows.


J1407 29 of 52 April 2012

3.6.1. Bus and Coach Stations

The criteria for assessing roads with significantly changed traffic flows are set out in Box 5.3,

section A7 of TG(09). Bus and coach stations were considered in previous Updating and

Screening Assessments and no such locations identified.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no relevant bus stations in the Local

Authority area.


J1407 30 of 52 April 2012

4 Other Transport Sources

4.1. Airports

The criteria for assessing airports are set out in Box 5.4, section B1 of TG(09). Airports were

considered in previous Updating and Screening Assessments and no such locations identified.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no airports in the Local Authority

area.

4.2. Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains)

4.2.1. Stationary Trains

The criteria for assessing stationary locomotives are set out in Box 5.4, section B2 of TG(09)

(Approach 1). There are no locations in Monmouthshire where trains are stationary for 15 minutes

or more, more than three times a day.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no locations where diesel or steam

trains are regularly stationary for periods of 15 minutes or more, with potential for relevant

exposure within 15m.

4.2.2. Moving Trains

The criteria for assessing moving locomotives are set out in Box 5.4, section B2 of TG(09)

(Approach 2). The Paddington to Swansea rail line listed in Table 5.1 of the Technical Guidance

LAQM.TG(09) passes through Monmouthshire, however Monmouthshire County Council is not in

the list of authorities with annual mean nitrogen dioxide backgrounds above 25µg/m3 as set out on

the Review and Assessment Helpdesk website and therefore this line does not need to be

considered.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no locations with a large number of

movements of diesel locomotives, and potential long-term relevant exposure within 30m.

4.3. Ports (Shipping)

The criteria for assessing ports are set out in Box 5.4, section B3 of TG(09) and are unchanged

from previous rounds of Review and Assessment. There is no shipping activity in Monmouthshire.


J1407 31 of 52 April 2012

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no ports or shipping that meet the

specified criteria within the Local Authority area.


J1407 32 of 52 April 2012

5 Industrial Sources

5.1. Industrial Installations

5.1.1. New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been

Carried Out

The criteria for assessing industrial installations are set out in Box 5.5, section C1 of TG(09).

There are no new or proposed industrial installations within Monmouthshire since the last Updating

and Screening Assessment.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no new or proposed industrial

installations for which planning approval has been granted within its area or nearby in a

neighbouring authority.

5.1.2. Existing Installations where Emissions have Increased Substantially or New

Relevant Exposure has been Introduced

None of the industrial installations identified in previous Updating and Screening Assessments

have substantially increased emissions and no new exposure has been introduced nearby.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no industrial installations with

substantially increased emissions or new relevant exposure in their vicinity within its area or

nearby in a neighbouring authority.

5.1.3. New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality

Assessment

The criteria for assessing industrial installations are set out in Box 5.5, section C1 of TG(09).

There are no new or significantly changed industrial installations within Monmouthshire since the

last Updating and Screening Assessment.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no new or significantly changed

industrial installations for which planning approval has been granted within its area or nearby

in a neighbouring authority.


J1407 33 of 52 April 2012

5.2. Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots

The criteria for assessing major fuel (petrol) storage depots are set out in Box 5.5, section C2 of

TG(09). Major petrol storage depots were considered in the previous Updating and Screening

Assessments and no such locations identified.

There are no major fuel (petrol) storage depots within the Local Authority area.

5.3. Petrol Stations

The criteria for assessing petrol stations are set out in Box 5.5, section C3 of TG(09). There are no

petrol stations within Monmouthshire that fulfil the criteria.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no petrol stations meeting the

specified criteria.

5.4. Poultry Farms

The criteria for assessing poultry farms are set out in Box 5.5, section C4 of TG(09). No farms

exceeding the relevant criteria (turkey units with greater than 100,000 birds, naturally ventilated

units with greater than 200,000 birds or mechanically ventilated units with greater than 400,000)

have been identified.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no poultry farms meeting the

specified criteria.


J1407 34 of 52 April 2012

6 Commercial and Domestic Sources

6.1. Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations

The criteria for assessing biomass combustion (individual installations) are set out in Box 5.8,

section D1 of TG(09). Monmouthshire County Council has not identified any biomass boilers

between 50kW and 20MW.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plant in the

Local Authority area.

6.2. Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts

The criteria for assessing biomass combustion (combined impacts) are set out in Box 5.8, section

D2 of TG(09). The likelihood of areas of combined biomass combustion exceeding the criteria is

considered highly unlikely.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plant in the

Local Authority area.

6.3. Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning

The criteria for assessing domestic solid-fuel burning are set out in Box 5.8, section D2 of TG(09)

Monmouthshire County Council has not identified any areas where significant coal burning takes

place.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no areas of significant domestic fuel

use in the Local Authority area.


J1407 35 of 52 April 2012

7 Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

The criteria for assessing fugitive or uncontrolled sources are set out in Box 5.10, section E1 of

TG(09). There are no quarries, landfill sites or other dusty operations in Monmouthshire that have

the potential to have a significant effect on PM10 concentrations at residential properties.

Monmouthshire County Council confirms that there are no potential sources of fugitive

particulate matter emissions in the Local Authority area.


J1407 36 of 52 April 2012

8 Action Plan Progress Report

The Chepstow Action Plan was finalised by Monmouthshire County Council Cabinet in August

2011 and accepted by the Welsh Government in September 2011. The completion of the Action

Plan was delayed whilst an Origin and Destination Study was undertaken in 2010. The study

identified that 54% of HGVs on the A48 are through trips and therefore do not necessarily need to

travel through the AQMA and that around 100 more HGVs per day are travelling westbound, than

eastbound which indicates that they are avoiding the Severn Bridge Toll. Westbound is uphill

through the AQMA and the side of the road with relevant exposure to the highest nitrogen dioxide

concentrations within the AQMA.

Measures to be taken forward within Chepstow include the redesign of High Beech Roundabout,

which is potentially being taken forward through discussions currently underway with developers,

with contributions secured through the planning process. If implemented, this should reduce

queuing, and therefore emissions, on Hardwick Hill. A Park and Ride service has also been set up

in conjunction with Chepstow Racecourse. This should reduce numbers of vehicles travelling up

and down Hardwick Hill on days when the Park and Ride is operating, thus reducing emissions

within the AQMA.

The Usk Action Plan was finalised in 2009, with the main action being to reduce HGV use in Usk

through both restrictions and voluntary actions. The Usk HGV group has been set up, which is a

partnership driven by the Town Council, with representatives from Monmouthshire County Council,

Gwent Police and Usk Town Council. MCC are currently, emerging in a consultation process to

simplify and tighten up the two traffic orders currently in place in Usk, and in the process clarify any

potential loopholes. In addition, a Lorry Watch Scheme has been set up by MCC, which Trading

Standards is administering. This is initially a 3-6 month pilot scheme to start in April 2012. In order

to support the above actions, signage has been improved to deter HGVs from traveling through

Usk unless necessary.

More generally, liaison between Environmental Health and Planning professionals has been

ongoing and work on the new Local Development Plan is progressing. The deposit LDP

(http://www.monmouthshire.gov.uk/planningpolicy/info/1/local_development_plan/33/deposit_plan_

september_2011) has the following policy in:

EP1 - Amenity and Environmental Protection

Development, including proposals for new buildings, extensions to existing buildings and

advertisements, should have regard to the privacy, amenity and health of occupiers of

neighbouring properties.

http://www.monmouthshire.gov.uk/planningpolicy/info/1/local_development_plan/33/deposit_plan_september_2011http://www.monmouthshire.gov.uk/planningpolicy/info/1/local_development_plan/33/deposit_plan_september_2011


J1407 37 of 52 April 2012

Development proposals that would cause or result in an unacceptable risk /harm to local

amenity, health, the character /quality of the countryside or interests of nature

conservation, landscape or built heritage importance due to the following will not be

permitted, unless it can be demonstrated that measures can be taken to overcome any

significant risk:

• Air pollution… etc.

In addition, a number of air quality assessments have been asked for through the development

control process, including at Fairfield Mabey, which has the potential to impact on the Chepstow

AQMA. This work, to prevent any unacceptable deterioration in air quality, will continue.

Many of the other actions within both Action Plans have not been progressed, mainly due to a lack

of funding. A summary of all the actions is included in Tables 8.1 and 8.2 below.


J1407 38 of 52 April 2012

Table 8.1 Action Planning Measures in Usk

Action Plan Measure No.

Measure Lead

authority

Impleme-ntation Phase

Indicator Progress to date

Progress in the last 12

months

Estimated Completion

Date

Comments relating to emissions reductions

6. Management of on and off-street parking consideration of delivery time strategy

MCC n/a n/a n/a Not progressed

as considered

delivery not really

an issue. No

longer a Chamber

of Commerce in

Usk. Parking

only an issue with

people parking on

double yellow

lines.

n/a n/a

5. HGV Restriction along Bridge Street – to be informed by surveys and subsequent report

MCC Ongoing HGV numbers Number of

measures

to be

implement

ed

Traffic Order for

Usk currently

being tightened

up (consulting on

consolidated

order). Lorry

Watch scheme

being taken over

by MCC–Trading

Standards to

administer (3-6

month scheme to

start April 2012).

Signage

improved (sat nav

signs and CCTV

Ongoing Emissions reductions if

HGVs are taken off the

route through Usk. Likely to

be the most beneficial

measure in terms of

reducing emissions and

concentrations.


J1407 39 of 52 April 2012


Measure Lead

authority




months


Date


signs)

3. Encourage walking as a mode of transport

MCC Ongoing

but nothing

specific to

Usk

n/a None in

Usk

n/a Ongoing Unlikely to be significant

emissions reductions.

8. Increase the number of public transport services to and from Usk. include community transport

MCC Ongong Numbers of

public

transport

services

None in

Usk


emissions reductions.

9. Contain indirect emissions from future development and from changes of land use that would generate traffic

MCC Ongoing Numbers of air

quality

assessments

requested

No relevant

developme

nt in Usk

n/a Ongoing Could be significant in the

future.

15 Travel Awareness Campaigns

MCC Ongoing

but not

specifically

targeting

Usk at the

moment

n/a None in

Usk

n/a Ongoing Sustained travel awareness

campaigns coupled with

improvements to

alternatives could reduce

car use and therefore

reduce emissions.

New Work with school and others to produce a community and school traffic plan

MCC in partnership

Ongoing Numbers of

Travel Plans

in place

None

specifically

in Usk

n/a Unclear Could potentially provide

reductions in emissions at

locations close to schools,

or at congestion hotspots.


J1407 40 of 52 April 2012


Measure Lead

authority




months


Date


1. Encourage more cycling: implement hierarchy of urban and inter-urban cycle routes

MCC Ongoing Numbers of

cyclists

None

specifically

in Usk

n/a Ongoing Potential reductions in

emissions if modal shift from

car to cycling.

2. Support and promote facilities for cyclists at school and in town centres


cyclists

None

specifically

in Usk

n/a Ongoing Potential reductions in

emissions if modal shift from

car to cycling.

13. Car club scheme MCC n/a n/a n/a Not being

progressed –

unlikely to be

effective

n/a n/a

New Develop kerbside recycling collections to reduce traffic to civic amenity site

MCC Complete n/a Complete n/a n/a Unlikely to have a major

impact on emissions.

Included in original Action

Plan to reduce number of

household trips to Municipal

Refuse Site.

14. Flexible home working, work times etc

MCC Ongoing Number of

work related

trips in private

single

occupancy

cars.

Not

progressed

other than

within MCC

itself

Much greater

levels of

homeworking with

MCC

Ongoing Unlikely to have a major

impact on emissions.

Anecdotally MCC staff seem

to be travelling further since

new scheme brought in.

7. Implement new 20mph speed limits/ zones

MCC Not being

progressed

n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

New Investigation of altering traffic flows through the town

MCC Not being

progressed

n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a


J1407 41 of 52 April 2012

Table 8.2 Action Planning Measures in Chepstow


Measure Lead

authority


Indicator Progress to

date


months


Date


1. Chepstow integrated Transport Strategy

MCC n/a n/a No progress No progress n/a n/a

2. Limit HGV weight or emissions

Welsh Government

n/a n/a No progress as

A48 still a trunk

road and

considered not

appropriate

No progress n/a n/a

3. Amend MOVA at Tesco (Upper Street) traffic lights

Welsh Government

n/a n/a Not progressed.

Likely to become

greater issue due

to Fairfield

development

No progress n/a n/a

4. Encourage car sharing

MCC Ongoing None No specific

progress

No specific

progress

Ongoing n/a

5. Monitor developments in adjoining areas

MCC Ongoing Number of

air quality

assessment

asked for

Good working

relationship with

planners. Also

liaise with Forest

of Dean regularly

Good working

relationship with

planners. Also

liaise with Forest

of Dean

regularly

Ongoing Could be potential

emissions reductions in

the long term (or at least

reductions on

increases).

6. Improve Council integration on planning issues

MCC Ongoing Consultation

between

departments

Good working

relationship with

planners.

Good working

relationship with

planners.




reductions on


J1407 42 of 52 April 2012


Measure Lead

authority



date


months


Date


increases).

7. Education of HGV operators

MCC Ongoing n/a None specifically

for Chepstow

None

specifically for

Chepstow


emissions reductions

with eco driving

techniques.

8. Improve cross boundary working

MCC Ongoing n/a Paul White sits on

Forest of Dean

AQ Steering

Committee

Good integration

with Forest of

Dean




reductions on

increases).

9. Include LDP Policy covering air quality

MCC Ongoing –

LDP

currently

under

consultatio

n

n/a Policy in the

Deposit LDP. Not

yet adopted

Policy in the

Deposit LDP.

Not yet adopted

Unclear, LDP

likely to go to

Welsh

Government

over the

summer

In the long term could be

significant if affects

major developments.

10. Redesign High Beech Roundabout

Welsh Government in partnership with MCC

n/a Completion

of

roundabout

improvemen

ts

Discussions in

relation to new

development.

Contributions

being secured

through planning

process.

Discussions in

relation to new

development.

Contributions

being secured

through

planning

process.

Unclear Localised improvements

round the Roundabout.

Potential improvements

on the A48 assuming

reduced queuing times.

11. Target schools Traffic MCC in partnership

Ongoing Numbers of

Travel Plans

None specifically

in Chepstow

n/a Unclear Could potentially provide

reductions in emissions

at locations close to


J1407 43 of 52 April 2012


Measure Lead

authority



date


months


Date


in place schools, or at congestion

hotspots.

12. Promote Sustainable transport as part of new developments

MCC Ongoing n/a General

improvements as

part of planning

process

General

improvements

as part of

planning

process




reductions on

increases).

13. Promote town centre developments

MCC n/a n/a None None n/a n/a

14. Rail Park and Ride MCC n/a n/a None, but have

progressed P&R

from racecourse

None, but have

progressed P&R

from racecourse

n/a Park and Ride on race

course likely to cause

some emissions

reductions on Hardwick

Hill.

15. Support the climate change and sustainable energy strategy

MCC n/a n/a General support,

particularly for

transport

measures

No specific

progress

Ongoing Unlikely to be significant

.

16. Travel Plans MCC Ongoing Numbers of

Travel Plans

in place

No specific

progress in

Chepstow


unless resources put into

Travel Planning.

17. Bypass Welsh Government

n/a n/a Not being

progressed

n/a n/a n/a

18. Improve bus services

MCC Ongoing Bus

patronage

Very little funding C5 service used

to serve

Chepstow Rail

Station has

Ongoing Some improvements if

modal shift from car to

bus and train.


J1407 44 of 52 April 2012


Measure Lead

authority



date


months


Date


been re-timed,

enabling greater

integration with

Gloucester and

Newport bound

rail services.

19. Improve public transport integration

MCC Ongong Bus and

train

patronage

Very little funding C5 service used

to serve

Chepstow Rail

Station from the

bus station has

been re-timed,

enabling greater

integration with

Gloucester and

Newport bound

rail services.

Ongoing Some emissions

improvements if modal

shift from car to bus and

train

20. Origin and Destination survey

MCC 2011 Survey

undertaken

Complete Completed in

2011

n/a n/a

21. Provide information for residents

MCC Ongoing n/a Very little funding,

no specific

progress

n/a Ongoing n/a

22. Target HGVs using unsuitable satnav routes

MCC Not

progressed

n/a No specific

progress

No specific

progress

n/a n/a

23. Improve rail services to the town

Network Rail/ MCC

Ongoing Numbers of

train

passengers

From May 24

2011, 14 more

Cross Country

n/a Ongoing Potential emissions

reductions if modal shift

from car to train


J1407 45 of 52 April 2012


Measure Lead

authority



date


months


Date


trains a day will

stop at Chepstow

to gauge

customer demand

for a more

frequent service.

24. Upgrade the railway station

Network Rail/ MCC

Not

progressed

n/a No specific

progress

No specific

progress

n/a n/a

25. Improve cycling facilities

MCC Not

progressed

n/a No specific

progress in

Chepstow

No specific

progress in

Chepstow

n/a n/a

26. Bus Park and Ride/ Share


people

using P&R

P&R set up from

Chepstow Race

Course

P&R set up from

Chepstow Race

Course

n/a Park and Ride on race

course likely to cause

some emissions

reductions on Hardwick

Hill

27. Distribution hub MCC Not

progressed

n/a Considered

unsuitable for

Chepstow

Not progressed n/a n/a

28. Lobby for change in toll system at Severn Bridge

MCC/ Welsh Government

Ongoing n/a Lobbying ongong,

but no progress

n/a n/a n/a

29. Promote Rail Freight MCC/ Network Rail

Not

progressed

n/a No specific

progress in

Chepstow

No specific

progress in

Chepstow

n/a n/a


J1407 46 of 52 April 2012

9 Conclusions and Proposed Actions

9.1. Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

This Updating and Screening Assessment confirms that air quality within Monmouthshire continues

to meet the relevant air quality objectives outside of the declared AQMAs. Within the AQMAs there

are still exceedences of the nitrogen dioxide objective at Hardwick Hill, Chepstow and Bridge

Street, Usk.

Monitoring location AB1, Merthyr Rd (A4143), Abergavenny had a concentration in 2011 of 39.4

µg/m3. Concentrations at this site have been gradually increasing over the last few years. As there

are a number of developments in the vicinity of this diffusion tube site, which may increase traffic in

the area, further diffusion tubes are being deployed within Abergavenny, at worst-case relevant

locations.

9.2. Conclusions from Assessment of Sources

There have been no new industrial installations and no new or substantially altered roads within

Monmouthshire. There are also no new commercial, domestic or fugitive sources of emissions.

This assessment therefore determines that a Detailed Assessment for air quality within

Monmouthshire is not necessary for any pollutant.

9.3. Proposed Actions

A Progress Report will be submitted in April 2013.

The Action Plans for Chepstow and Usk will be taken forward through the re-convening of relevant

steering groups.


J1407 47 of 52 April 2012

10 References

Defra (2009) Review & Assessment: Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09), Defra.

Monmouhtshire County Council (2007) Further Assessment of Air Quality in Usk.

Monmouthshire County Council (2003) Updating and Screening Assessment.

Monmouthshire County Council (2004) Interim Detailed Assessment.

Monmouthshire County Council (2005a) Detailed Assessment.

Monmouthshire County Council (2005b) Progress Report.

Monmouthshire County Council (2006) Updating and Screening Asessment.

Monmouthshire County Council (2008a) Further Assessment of Air Quality in Chepstow.

Monmouthshire County Council (2008b) Progress Report.

Monmouthshire County Council (2009) Updating ad Screening Assessment.

Monmouthshire County Council (2010) Progress Report.

.


J1407 48 of 52 April 2012

11 Appendices

A1 Appendix A: QA:QC Data ............................................................................................ 49

A2 Appendix B: Monthly Non-Automatic Data for 2011 ................................................. 51


J1407 49 of 52 April 2012

A1 Appendix A: QA:QC Data

Factor from Local Co-location Studies

A local bias adjustment factor has been calculated for the Harwick Hill, Chepstow automatic site.

The calculations are shown in Table A1.1.

Table A1.1: Local Bias Adjustment Factor

S

t

a

r

t

aa based on 11 months data only

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors

Monmouthshire County Council uses Gradko for the diffusion tube analysis. The preparation

method is 20% TEA in Water. The national bias adjustment factor for Gradko 20% TEA in Water

tubes, which includes the Chepstow data, is 0.89.

Discussion of Choice of Factor to Use

A diffusion tube bias adjustment factor of 0.89 has been used. This factor was chosen as the

national factor includes 26 sites, including the Chepstow local co-location study.

PM Monitoring Adjustment

The particulate monitoring equipment is TEOM FDMS and the results therefore do not require

adjustment.

QA/QC of automatic monitoring

The automatic monitor has been part of the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) since

January 2008. It is serviced by Casella ETi on a 6 monthly basis. Automatic calibrations take place

daily and a manual calibration check and filter change is carried out every 3 weeks. AEAT

undertake a 6 monthly audit of the site. In February 2010 the PM10 TEOM was replaced by an

FDMS and a PM2.5 FDMS was also installed.

The data is collected and ratified by AEA Technology on behalf of the Welsh Air Quality Forum

(WAQF).

Hardwick Hill, Chepstowa

Triplicate Diffusion Tubes

47

Automatic Monitor 40

Bias Adjustment Factor

0.85


J1407 50 of 52 April 2012

QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring

Monmouthshire County Council uses Gradko for the diffusion tube analysis. Gradko is assessed

as part of the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) operated by the Health and

Safety Laboratory (HSL) and demonstrated satisfactory performance in the WASP Summary of

Laboratory Performance, Round 112-114 (Jan 2011 – September 2011), scoring 100%, with

performance reducing in Round 115 (October to December 2011) to 37.5% satisfactory results.


J1407 51 of 52 April 2012

A2 Appendix B: Monthly Non-Automatic Data for 2011

Table A2.1: Monthly non automatic nitrogen dioxide monitoring results

Site Name Site ID Site Type

NO2 concentrations per month (2011) (µg/m3)

a

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Aver-age

38 Larkfield Prk

Chepstow CH1 Roadside 35.09 28.70 29.32 23.55 19.44 21.48 19.23 22.13 24.36 27.42 28.95 25.48 25.4

R/A Sign - Newport

Road Chepstow CH2 Roadside 51.43 42.11 41.64 34.60 28.07 28.26 28.96 27.68 31.78 34.23 38.58 26.42 34.5

Wayside - Hardwick

Hill Chepstow CH3 Roadside 39.60 36.91 36.90 36.08 32.86 35.22 31.25 27.89 40.17 39.59 44.91 40.37 36.8

2 Hardwick Hill -

Chepstow CH4 Roadside 70.51 64.25 60.45 69.29 58.31 71.58 M 62.57 77.31 90.04 57.77 60.30 67.5

1 Ashfield House -

Mount Pleasant CH5 Roadside 44.88 30.36 33.53 32.19 28.22 31.08 30.17 32.45 35.22 40.37 32.16 39.37 34.2

Hill House -

Hardwick Hill

Chepstow

CH6 Roadside 58.86 56.97 49.73 27.85 38.33 41.28 38.13 36.96 42.18 59.15 54.10 45.42 45.7

2 Hardwick Terrace

- Chepstow CH7 Roadside 40.25 38.03 41.96 40.38 25.44 27.60 28.37 24.86 28.01 37.43 49.65 27.94 34.2

Lamp post - Moor

Street Chepstow CH8 Kerbside 44.27 46.42 40.83 45.78 28.83 31.16 32.73 25.02 32.27 37.63 44.62 33.54 36.9

Restway Wall -

Garden City Way CH9 Roadside 40.62 35.92 34.40 37.67 28.47 36.53 32.40 28.95 33.58 36.25 40.47 26.17 34.3

AQMS - Hardwick

Hill Chepstow 1 AQ1 Roadside 56.10 49.20 49.24 46.19 44.54 47.91 39.87 44.02 46.76 42.09 48.92 59.05 47.8

AQMS - Hardwick

Hill Chepstow 2 AQ2 Roadside 55.49 50.17 44.55 47.46 45.67 46.07 40.98 42.59 47.13 46.54 48.50 55.98 47.6


J1407 52 of 52 April 2012

Site Name Site ID Site Type

NO2 concentrations per month (2011) (µg/m3)

a

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Aver-age

AQMS - Hardwick

Hill Chepstow 3 AQ3 Intermediate 53.73 56.12 44.91 46.07 M 46.81 40.85 42.53 47.13 46.94 41.07 64.38 48.2

School House -

Wyebridge St Mon MM1 Kerbside 48.81 43.99 41.81 45.86 35.94 29.44 37.97 37.96 44.31 40.64 49.42 41.72 41.5

Flat 1 - Granville St

Monmouth MM2 Kerbside 46.27 40.94 41.04 40.74 28.53 33.58 27.49 29.71 32.60 34.33 42.90 29.66 35.6

Lamppost ME 145 -

21 St James Sq MM3 Kerbside 42.71 38.15 32.81 33.17 24.96 26.17 M 24.40 39.60 33.89 39.10 M 33.5

No entry sign -

Monnow St/St John

St

MM4 Kerbside 50.41 39.81 41.77 40.34 31.79 37.02 34.20 36.38 37.39 40.27 46.76 34.18 39.2

Lamppost MC178-

Merthyr Rd, Aber AB1 Kerbside 49.34 46.06 42.47 45.70 31.11 38.82 35.87 42.34 46.03 49.99 58.90 44.80 44.3

14A Castle Parade

- Usk

USK

1 Kerbside 47.54 46.20 41.68 37.84 27.75 30.38 33.12 31.22 36.77 37.43 39.58 34.01 37.0

Castle Court - Usk

USK

2 Kerbside 48.07 44.44 44.12 47.62 34.25 38.70 37.21 35.65 38.66 43.44 51.29 35.16 41.6

White Hart - 5

Bridge St Usk

USK

3 Kerbside 53.52 45.15 47.22 45.74 34.95 45.25 39.34 39.91 40.62 49.07 52.46 41.41 44.6

35 Bridge St - Usk

USK

4 Roadside 57.94 56.68 47.69 49.92 38.20 38.00 29.71 38.49 43.24 48.98 57.90 41.87 45.7

Lamp Post MA 556

- 16 Bridge St Usk

USK

5 Roadside 56.88 51.91 52.19 23.05 43.68 41.24 47.98 22.89 44.55 47.89 57.27 45.21 44.6

4 Usk Bridge Mews

- Usk

USK

6 Roadside 32.96 31.10 28.73 25.63 18.67 20.09 20.93 10.08 18.94 19.96 28.11 23.47 23.2

a Results are not bias adjusted. M = missing

2012 air quality updating and screening assessment · monmouthshire county council updating and...

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