2012 contracts slides ch 7

7/22/2019 2012 Contracts Slides Ch 7

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L ^fry Blj Brflc-Vp. Ifieael Blrgfs brkcf-up weth hfr bkynrefgj, whk

rfspkgjfj by pksteg` ugluthkrezfj prkneafs kn Blrgfs, egiaujeg` hfr ikgtlitegnkroltekg lgj gujf phktk`rlphs tlcfg wethkut hfr cgkwafj`f, kg l Ulhkkwfbsetf. Zhf fx-bkynrefgj, pkseg` ls Blrgfs, ikrrfspkgjfj weth ofg useg`Ulhkks kgaegf ihlt rkkos lgj jerfiteg` thfo tk thf nlasf prkneafs. Blrgfsaflrgfj kn thf fxs litekgs whfg strlg`frs bf`lg ikgtliteg` lgj veseteg` hfrwethkut egvetltekg. Blrgfs sfgt prkkn kn ejfgtety lgj l se`gfj stltfofgtjeslvkweg` lgy rkaf eg thf prkneafs tk Ulhkk, rfqufsteg` Ulhkk rfokvf thfprkneafs nrko ets wfbsetf. Lntfr okgths kn eglitekg jfspetf rfpfltfjikoougeiltekgs nrko Blrgfs, l akila gfws prk`rlo prfplrfj tk brkljilst lrfpkrt kn thf egiejfgt. L jly bfnkrf thf brkljilst, Ulhkks Jerfitkr knIkoougeiltekg ilaafj Blrgfs lgj prkoesfj tk pfrskglaay wlac thf

stltfofgts kvfr tk thf jevesekg rfspkgsebaf nkr stkppeg` ugluthkrezfj prkneafslgj thfy wkuaj tlcf ilrf kn et. Zwk okrf okgths plssfj. Blrgfs neafj lalwsuet l`legst Ulhkk, lgj shkrtay thfrflntfr thf prkneafs jeslppflrfj. JkfsBlrgfs hlvf l velbaf prkoesskry fstkppfa ialeo l`legst Ulhkk;


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L ^fry Blj Brflc-Vp.

l) Gk, bfilusf et wls gkt nkrfsfflbaf thlt Blrgfs wkuaj rfay kg Ulhkksprkoesf.

b) Ufs, en Blrgfs ilg prkvf litula rfaelgif.


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L ^fry Blj Brflc-Vp. Eg Blrgfs v. Ulhkk!, Egi., 604 N.9j (5th Ier.

2445), Muj`f KYilggaleg rfvfrsfj thf trela ikurts jesoessla kn Blrgfssprkoesskry fstkppfa ialeo. Zhf trela ikurt hlj nkugj thlt Ulhkk wls eoougfnrko thf ialeo bfilusf kn thf Ikoougeiltekgs Jfifgiy Lits prktfitekgl`legst tkrt suets. Zhf ikurts kn lppflas jesl rffj, negjeg` thlt l prkoesskryfstkppfa ialeo, wheaf kg thf baurry bkugjlry bftwffg ikgtrlit lgj tkrt, etsprkoesskry ihlrlitfr jesteg`ueshfs et nrko tkrt. Zhlt ihlrlitfr jrevfs kurlglayses hfrf lgj palifs prkoesskry fstkppfa bfykgj thf rflih kn Sthf IJL_.

KYilggaleg fxpalegfj thlt, ugjfr Krf`kg alw, Zhf pregiepla iretfrel thltjftfroegf whfg litekg rfgjfrs l prkoesf fgnkriflbaf ugjfr thes jkitregflrf= (


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Zhf Yurveveg` Ypkusf. Eg


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Zhf Yurveveg` Ypkusf.

l) Zhfrf ilg bf gk aelbeaety bfilusf Mlicskg oljf gk prkoesf ikgifrgeg`Ors. @rffgs stltus ls bfgfneielry.

b) Phfthfr Mlicskg oljf l prkoesf lgj whfthfr thf @rffgs rfaefj kg et wls

l qufstekg kn nlit nkr thf mury tk jfiejf.


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Zhf Yurveveg` Ypkusf. Eg Tltreiel @rffg v. Mlicskg Gltekgla Aenf Egsurlgif

Ikoplgy, 244> PA 2909285 (>th Ier. 244>), thf Yexth Ieriuet rfvfrsfj thfjestreit ikurts `rlgt kn suoolry muj`ofgt eg nlvkr kn thf jfnfgjlgt. Nerst, thfikurt nkugj thlt et wls l oltfrela essuf kn nlit whk wls thf knneiela bfgfneielrykn thf pkaeiy. Yfikgj, thf ikurt negjs l oltfrela essuf kn nlit ls tk whfthfrMlicskgs rfpay ikgstetutfj l prkoesf thlt Ors. @rffg wls thf bfgfneielry lgjwhfthfr thf @rffgs jftreofgtlaay rfaefj by nleaeg` tk tlcf ljjetekgla stfps tkfgsurf thlt shf wls thf knneiela bfgfneielry kn thf pkaeiy. Zhf ikurt stltfs thltthes rfaelgif wls rflskglbaf eg ae`ht kn thf ikoougeiltekgs weth Mlicskg(wheih lask egiaujfj lg flraefr phkgf ilaa lgj jesiussekg weth thf akila l`fgt).Et wkuaj bf egtfrfsteg` tk jesiuss whfthfr Ors. @rffg ikuaj sffc qulgtuoofruet rfikvfry nrko thf fstltf kn Or. @rffg.


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Krjfr kn thf Iken. Ofyfr Baltt lttfgjfj thf ge`ht prk`rlo lt thf Vgevfrsety kn

Ykuthfrg Ilaenkrgel Yihkka kn Alw. Pheaf eg sihkka, hf egquerfj lbkut thfrfquerfofgts nkr egjuitekg tk thf Krjfr kn thf Iken, l prfste`ekus gltekgla af`lahkgkr skiefty, lgj wls tkaj thlt hf wkuaj bf fae`ebaf en hf wls eg thf tkp


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Krjfr kn thf Iken.

l) Ufs, kg thfsf nlits Baltt es fgtetafj tk rfikvfr bfilusf VYI prkoesfj hfwkuaj bf ihksfg nkr Iken en hes `rljfs wfrf eg thf tkp


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Krjfr kn thf Iken. Eg Baltt v. Vgevfrsety kn Ykuthfrg Ilaenkrgel, thf Ilaenkrgel

Ikurt kn Lppfla, Yfikgj Jestreit, nkugj thlt thf palegtenn nleafj tk stltf l ilusfkn litekg eg ikgtrlit kr eg prkoesskry fstkppfa. 6 Ila. Lpp. 9j 596, 86 Ila.Rptr. >4< (Ila. Lpp.


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Jesilrjfj Fvejfgif. Brylg Ikkpfr wls egvkavfj eg l seg`af ilr liiejfgt

ilusfj by trflj sfplrltekg kn thf re`ht rflr terf. Hes egsurfr, Ytltf Nlro OutulaLutkokbeaf Egsurlgif Ikoplgy, liquerfj pkssfssekg kn thf ilr (egiaujeg` thfre`ht rflr terf) ls plrt kn thf ikaaesekg jlol`f sfttafofgt weth Ikkpfr. YtltfNlro egnkrofj Ikkpfr thlt ets fxpfrt ikgiaujfj thlt thf trflj sfplrltfjbfilusf thf terf wls jfnfitevfay olgunliturfj. Ikkpfr sufj thf terfolgunliturfr, lgj hes lttkrgfy gktenefj Ytltf Nlro kn thf eopkrtlgif kn thf terftk Ikkpfrs ilsf. Lntfr Ytltf Nlro egnkrofj Ikkpfr thlt et wkuaj rftleg thfterf, Ytltf Nlro jespksfj kn thf ilr egiaujeg` thf jfnfitevf terf. Ikkpfr hlssufj Ytltf Nlro. Kg whlt ialeo(s), en lgy, es Ikkpfr aecfay tk suiiffj;


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Jesilrjfj Fvejfgif.

l) Ikkpfr shkuaj rfikvfr kg l prkoesskry fstkppfa thfkry bfilusf YtltfNlro prkoesfj tk rftleg thf terf lgj ets nleaurf tk jk sk oljf et eopkssebaf nkrIkkpfr tk prfvlea eg ets kre`egla alwsuet.

b) Ikkpfr shkuaj gkt rfikvfr bfilusf, fvfg en Ytltf Nlro oljf lgj brkcf lprkoesf, thfrf wls gk `ulrlgtff thlt Ikkpfr wkuaj hlvf prfvleafj eg thf trelalgj thus thfrf lrf gk jlol`fs.


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Jesilrjfj Fvejfgif. Ikkpfr sufj Ytltf Nlro eg Ilaenkrgel Yupfrekr Ikurt kg l

prkoesskry fstkppfa ialeo (lokg` kthfrs), lssfrteg` thlt Ytltf Nlro prkoesfj tk cffpthf terf, hf rfaefj kg thf prkoesf by gkt tlceg` pkssfssekg kn thf terf eoofjeltfay, lgjthlt ls l rfsuat kn Ytltf Nlro's ikgjuit, hf wls uglbaf tk prkvf hes prkjuit jfnfit ilsfl`legst thf terf olgunliturfr. Eg l bfgih trela, thf trela ikurt `rlgtfj Ytltf Nlros oktekgnkr l gkgsuet lntfr Ikkpfr ikugsfas kpfgeg` stltfofgt. Zhf trela ikurt ruafj thlt Ikkpfrwls af`laay prfiaujfj nrko rfikvfreg` jlol`fs nkr thf laaf`fj jfstruitekg kn thf terf

bfilusf Ikkpfr wkuaj bf uglbaf tk shkw thlt hf wkuaj hlvf prfvleafj eg hes ilsfl`legst thf olgunliturfr hlj thf terf gkt bffg jfstrkyfj. Zhf Ilaenkrgel Ikurt knLppfla rfvfrsfj. Ikkpfr v. Ytltf Nlro Out. Lutk. Egs. Ik., --- Ila.Rptr.9j ----, 2445 PA25>2:5: (Ila.Lpp. : Jest. 2445). Zhf lppfaaltf ikurt nkugj thlt palegtenn, jureg` heskpfgeg` stltfofgt, prfsfgtfj preol nlief nlits tk suppkrt lg egjfpfgjfgt juty tkprfsfrvf thf terf blsfj kg Ytltf Nlro's prkoesf lgj palegtenn's rfaelgif thfrfkg. (Zhfikurt lask ikgiaujfj thlt Ikkpfr ikuaj suiiffj kg l tkrt thfkry kn l vkaugtlry

lssuoptekg kn l juty.) Zhf trela ikurt wls ikrrfit eg ruaeg` thlt Ikkpfr hlj tk prkvf thlthf sunnfrfj l hlro ls l rfsuat kn Ytltf Nlros brflih kn ets prkoesf tk prfsfrvf thf terf.But, ugaecf thf trela muj`f, thf lppfaaltf muj`fs ikgiaujfj thlt thf hlro wls gkt tkkspfiualtevf bfilusf thf kpfgeg` stltfofgt jftleafj fxpfrt tfsteokgy wheih wkuaj bfegtrkjuifj fstlbaesheg` thf jfnfit eg thf terf lgj thlt et prkxeoltfay ilusfj Ikkpfrsliiejfgt ls wfaa ls fxpfrt tfsteokgy thlt, but nkr thf oesseg` terf, Ikkpfr wls aecfay tksuiiffj eg hes ialeo. Zhus thf lppflas ikurt sfgt thf ilsf blic nkr l bfgih trela.


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L Yifgei ^efw. Cfg Gfaskg skaj l akt tk Clrfg lgj Lalg Geika, whk palggfj tk

bueaj l vliltekg hkof thfrf. Zhf prkpfrty knnfrfj sifgei vefws lirkss lgugjfvfakpfj pefif kn algj. Trekr tk iakseg` thf jfla, thf Geikas fxprfssfjikgifrg thlt thf kpfg algj wkuaj bf jfvfakpfj, iutteg` knn thfer vefw. Gfaskglssurfj thfo thlt thf prkpfrty wkuaj rfoleg ugjfvfakpfj, lgj tkaj thfo thltlathku`h hf jej gkt kwg thf algj, hf hlj lg kptekg tk purihlsf et. Gfaskg altfrpurihlsfj thf kpfg algj lgj stlrtfj tk bueaj kg et. Zhf Geikas sufj tk fgmkegthf ikgstruitekg, lssfrteg` prkoesskry fstkppfa. Gfaskg lssfrtfj thf stltutfkn nrlujs blrrfj fgnkrifofgt kn thf laaf`fj prkoesf bfilusf et rfaltfj tkegtfrfsts eg rfla prkpfrty lgj wls gkt rfnafitfj eg l wreteg`. Lgj, fvfg enprkoesskry fstkppfa wfrf lvlealbaf, Gfaskg lr`ufj thlt hes stltfofgts jej gktikgstetutf lg litekglbaf prkoesf. Hkw shkuaj thf ikurt ruaf;


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L Yifgei ^efw.

l) Zhf Geikas shkuaj rfikvfr bfilusf l Gfaskg oljf lgj brkcf l prkoesf, kgwheih thf Geikas rfaefj, lgj thf stltutf kn nrlujs shkuaj gkt bf lppaeilbaf tk lprkoesskry fstkppfa ialeo.

b) Gfaskg shkuaj prfvlea bfilusf thf prkoesf ikgifrgfj l trlgslitekg eg algjlgj thfrf wls gk se`gfj wreteg` ofokrelaezeg` thf prkoesf.

i) Gfaskg shkuaj prfvlea bfilusf hes stltfofgt ikgstetutfj l stltfofgt knprfsfgt egtfgt, gkt l prkoesf.


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L Yifgei ^efw. Zhf Ikakrljk Ikurt kn Lppflas nkugj thlt l prkoesskry

fstkppfa ialeo es velbaf gktwethstlgjeg` thf stltutf kn nrlujs. Geika v. Gfaskg,00> T.2j


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Ruaf

Knnfrkr ilg rfvkcf Trekr tk

ikopaftf pfrnkrolgif

(Ikookg Alw)

Bf`eggeg` pfrnkrolgif

irfltfs kptekg C

(Rfst. :6)

Trkbafo

Knnfrff whk plrtelaay

pfrnkros es vuagfrlbaf

Knnfrff whk prfplrfs es

vuagfrlbaf

Trfplrltekg irfltfs

kptekg C

Knnfrkr es vuagfrlbaf whfg

Knnfrff plrtelaay pfrnkros

Knnfrkr es vuagfrlbaf


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Akseg` thf Bft. Tkp's Ikgfs kpfrltfj l ZIBU Uk`urt nrlgihesf eg Olr`ltf, Gfw

Mfrsfy. Nrko Oly thrku`h Muay


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Akseg` thf Bft.

l) Tkps shkuaj prfvlea kg l prkoesskry fstkppfa en et ilg prkvf thf nlitslaaf`fj.

b) Tkps hls gk velbaf ialeo nkr brflih kn ikgtrlit kr prkoesskry fstkppfa

bfilusf thf Rfskrt gfvfr lssfgtfj tk l ikgtrlit gkr prkoesfj Tkps et wkuajjfnegetfay prkvejf Tkps weth thf setf eg qufstekg.


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Akseg` thf Bft. Tkps brku`ht l prkoesskry fstkppfa ialeo l`legst thf

ikrpkrltekg wheih kwgfj Zhf Talyfrs Iaub (Rfskrts Egtfrgltekgla Hktfa). Zhftrela ikurt (Yupfrekr Ikurt, Alw Jevesekg) jesoessfj thf ikopalegt. Kg lppfla,thf Gfw Mfrsfy Yupfrekr Ikurt, Lppfaaltf Jevesekg rfvfrsfj, hkajeg` thltikopalegts laaf`ltekgs thlt Rfskrts Fxfiutevf Jerfitkr lssurfj TkpsTrfsejfgt thlt thf aflsf wkuaj bf neglaezfj, egstruitfj hfr gkt tk rfgfw etsfxesteg` aflsf, lgj tkaj hfr tk plic up thf shkp lgj prfplrf tk okvf, lgj thlt

Tkps nleafj tk rfgfw ets fxesteg` aflsf blsfj kg thes lssurlgif, vliltfjfxesteg` akiltekg, lgj uateoltfay egiurrfj fxpfgsf kn rfakilteg` lntfr hktfawethjrfw ets knnfr tk aflsf splif, sft nkrth preol nlief ilsf kn prkoesskryfstkppfa l`legst Rfskrts. Tkps Ikgfs, Egi. v. Rfskrts Egta Hktfa, Egi., 04:L.2j


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Oflas tk @k. Blbyblics Egtfrgltekgla, wheih sfaas rfljy-tk-flt blrbfquf

oflt prkjuits, hlj l ik-olrcfteg` l`rffofgt weth thf Egjelglpkaes jestrebutkrkn Ikcf prkjuits (Ikcf Egjy). Ikcf Egjy plej Blbyblics tk lrrlg`f lgjpalif ikkafrs eg `rkifry stkrfs weth thfer prkjuits jespalyfj sejf-by-sejf.Blsfj kg thf suiifss kn thes oflas tk `k ikgifpt, Blbyblics oft wethIkcfs gltekgla knneif tk jesiuss fxplgjeg` tk kthfr olrcfts, egiaujeg` Ltalgtl.Lntfr thf offteg`, Ikcf nlxfj l ouate-pl`f ofok tk Blbyblics, rfvefweg`

guofrkus tfros kg wheih thf plrtefs hlj l`rffj lgj jesiusseg` spfienei stfpswheih hlj larfljy bffg tlcfg eg lg Ltalgtl `rkifry stkrf ihleg. Zhf nerstpl`f kn thf nlx stltfj Pf fgmkyfj kur offteg` yfstfrjly weth yku lgjbfaefvf wf hlvf oljf nurthfr strejfs tkwlrj ikoeg` tk l`rffofgt... Ls wfhlvf stltfj sfvfrla teofs, wf jk l`rff thlt ikopaeofgtlry ofrihlgjeseg` knBlbyblics weth Ikil-Ikal jkfs olcf sfgsf. Blsfj kg palgs oljf eg thfoffteg`, Blbyblics spfgt lpprkxeoltfay $644,444 kg ikkafrs lgj ljvfrteseg`nkr thf Ltalgtl stkrfs. Lntfr jkubts lrksf lbkut thf qulaety kn Blbyblicsprkjuits, Ikcf wethjrfw nrko thf jfla, lgj Blbyblics brku`ht suet. Jkfs ethlvf l suiifssnua prkoesskry fstkppfa ialeo;


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Oflas tk @k.

l) Ufs, bfilusf Blbyblics rfaelgif kg thf plrtgfrshep weth Ikcf wlsnkrfsfflbaf lgj substlgtela.

b) Gk, bfilusf Blbyblics rfaelgif fxpfgjeturf wls gkt rflskglbaf `evfg

thf nlit thlt thfrf wls gk ikgtrlit.


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Oflas tk @k. Zhf Egjelgl Yuprfof Ikurt hfaj thlt thf Blbyblics rfaelgif

wls ugrflskglbaf eg ae`ht kn thf alg`ul`f eg Ikcfs nlx stlteg` thlt thf plrtefsjej gkt yft hlvf lg l`rffofgt. Ikil-Ikal Ik. v. Blbyblics Egta, 8:< G.F. 2j660 (Egj. 244>). Zhf ikurt lask hfaj thlt thf krla prkoesf ikuaj bf fgnkrifjugjfr prkoesskry fstkppfa fvfg thku`h et wls ugfgnkriflbaf ls l ikgtrlitugjfr thf stltutf kn nrlujs bfilusf et ikuaj gkt bf pfrnkrofj wetheg kgf yflrlgj thf nlx jej gkt offt thf wreteg` rfquerfofgt. But, eg thes ilsf, Blbyblics

nleafj tk prkvf thlt Ikcfs prkoesf egjuifj rflskglbaf rfaelgif, l rfquerfjfafofgt kn prkoesskry fstkppfa.


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Bej Yhkppeg`. Tlvfa Fgtfrpresfs Egi., l `fgfrla ikgtrlitkr, palggfj tk suboet

l prkpksla nkr l Gltekgla Egstetutfs kn Hflath ikgstruitekg prkmfit lgj skaeietfjbejs nrko ofihlgeila subikgtrlitkrs. L.Y. Mkhgskg Ikoplgy ilaafj weth lquktf kn $858,444. Tlvfa usfj Mkhgskgs sub-bej eg ikoputeg` ets kwg bej kn$


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Bej Yhkppeg`.

l) Tlvfa shkuaj prfvlea bfilusf et rfaefj kg Mkhgskgs sub-ikgtrlit bej whfgsuboetteg` ets `fgfrla ikgtrlit bej.

b) Mkhgskg shkuaj prfvlea bfilusf Tlvfa jej gkt litulaay rfay kg ets bej.


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Bej Yhkppeg`. Zhf Olryalgj Ikurt kn Lppflas lnnerofj thf trela ikurts

muj`ofgt eg nlvkr kn subikgtrlitkr. Pheaf Mkhgskgs bej ikuaj sfrvf ls thf blsesnkr l prkoesskry fstkppfa ialeo, Tlvfa nleafj tk prkvf thlt et hlj jftreofgtlaayrfaefj kg Mkhgskgs bej. Tlvfa Fgtfrpresfs, Egi. v. L.Y. Mkhgskg Ik., Egi., 9:2Oj. 0: L.2j 62< (Oj. ). Tlvfas litekgs eg offteg` weth Mkhgskg tklssfss whfthfr tk usf et ls l subikgtrlitkr lgj eg nlxeg` laa subikgtrlitkrssuppkrts thf trela ikurts negjeg` thlt Tlvfa jej gkt rfay. Tlvfa lppflrfj tk bf bej

shkppeg` ls wfaa ls bej ihkppeg` (tryeg` tk pfrsuljf thf akwfst subikgtrlitkr tkrfjuif ets bej). Zhf ikurt rfnusfj tk hkaj thlt bej shkppeg` lakgf wls sunneiefgtfvejfgif kn l nleaurf tk rfay, but aestfj et ls kgf rfafvlgt pefif kn fvejfgif.

(Zhf ikurt lask ikgiaujfj thlt, wheaf l iaksf qufstekg, Tlvfas liifptlgif wlsgkt teofay lgj thus jej gkt irfltf l bealtfrla ikgtrlit. Zhf lppfaaltf ikurt nkugjtwk sfplrltf `rkugjs tk suppkrt thf trela ikurts ruaeg`= fethfr tkk ouih teof hljplssfj juf tk jesqulaeneiltekg kr Tlvfas liifptlgif wls ikgjetekgfj kg neglalwlrj kn ikgtrlit nrko GEH wheih jej gkt kiiur ugtea sfvfrla wffcs altfr, lgjMkhgskg ikuaj rfvkcf bftwffg thf teof kn thf ikgjetekgla liifptlgif lgj GEHsnegla lwlrj.)


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\ulse-Ikgtrlit

Fgreih Vgmust

Gkt Vgmust=

@rltuetkus Knneiekus


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(


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Pkrceg` kg thf Rlearklj. Lzoegl Pflthfrby lgj hfr husblgj lrf fopakyffs kn

Buraeg`tkg Gkrthfrg & Ylgtl Nf Rleawly Ik. (BGYN). Yhf hkajs l slalrefj irfw palggfr pksetekg,lgj hf hkajs lg hkuray fg`egffreg` pksetekg. Phfg BGYN trlgsnfrrfj hfr husblgj nrko NkrtPkrth tk Clgsls Iety, Pflthfrby lppaefj nkr lg kpfg irfw palggfr pksetekg eg Clgsls Iety tkliikoplgy heo. Lt thf teof, shf lscfj whfthfr shf wkuaj rfifevf rfakiltekg bfgfnets. Yhfcgfw thlt kthfr fopakyffs lt hfr afvfa hlj rfifevfj rfakiltekg bfgfnets whfg thfy hlj okvfjwetheg thf ikoplgy. Zhf Clgsls Iety supfregtfgjfgt tkaj hfr thlt hf wkuaj ihfic kg et. LntfrPflthfrby liifptfj thf Clgsls Iety pksetekg lgj hlj lrrevfj lt hfr gfw mkb, shf lscfj thf

supfregtfgjlgt l`leg, lgj hf l`leg slej hf wkuaj negj kut. Zhf fopakyff hlgjbkkc stltfs=

Zhf BGYN Ylalrefj Fopakyff Rfakiltekg Tkaeiy prkvejfs ikvfrl`f nkr okst trlvfa, aeveg` lgj okveg` fxpfgsfslsskieltfj weth ykur rfakiltekg. Zhes pkaeiy lppaefs tk laa slalrefj fopakyffs whk lrf trlgsnfrrfj nrko kgfakiltekg tk lgkthfr lt thf rfqufst kn thf Ikoplgy, prkvejfj thlt thf jestlgif bftwffg ykur jfplrturf rfsejfgiflgj thf gfw wkrc akiltekg oust bf 64 oeafs `rfltfr thlg thf jestlgif bftwffg ykur jfplrturf rfsejfgif lgjykur nkrofr wkrc akiltekg. Zhes pkaeiy es submfit tk rfvesekg by thf Ikoplgy lt lgy teof, wethkut gkteif, lsgfifsslry, lgj es gkt tk bf ikgstrufj ls ikgnfrreg` lgy ikgtrlitula re`ht kr bfikoeg` l plrt kn lgy fopakyofgtikgtrlit. Nurthfrokrf, BGYN jkfs gkt lssuof lgy aelbeaety nkr rfakiltekg sfrveifs prkvejfj by kr lreseg` kut knlgy kn thf litevetefs kn thf egjevejula sfrveif prkvejfrs, thfer l`fgts, rfprfsfgtltevfs, kr fopakyffs.

Pflthfrby es gkw sffceg` rfakiltekg fxpfgsfs wheih BGYN es rfnuseg` tk ply. (BGYN jej gktply lgy rfakiltekg fxpfgsfs tk hfr husblgj bfilusf hf es lg hkuray fopakyff.) Jkfs shf hlvfl vlaej qulse-ikgtrlit ialeo;


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Pkrceg` kg thf Rlearklj.

l) Gk, bfilusf hfr slalry prkvejfs ikopfgsltekg nkr lgy vlauf shf ikgnfrrfjkg BGYN.

b) Gk, bfilusf shf shkuaj hlvf kbtlegfj lg fxprfss prkoesf bfnkrf

lssuoeg` shf wkuaj rfifevf rfakiltekg bfgfnets.

i) Ufs, bfilusf shf rflskglbay bfaefvfj shf wls ikgtrlitulaay fgtetafj tk thfbfgfnets lgj ikgnfrrfj l bfgfnet kg thf rlearklj eg rfaelgif kg thlt bfaefn.


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Pkrceg` kg thf Rlearklj. Eg Pflthfrby v. Buraeg`tkg Gkrthfrg & Ylgtl Nf Rleawly

Ik., 245 N. Yupp 2j


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Ilppeg` Nffs. Faezlbfth Rksfgbluo, l prevltf lttkrgfy, wls lppkegtfj by

thf muvfgeaf ikurt ls `ulrjelg lj aetfo nkr l oegkr eg Kitkbfr 2449. Zhf`ulrjelg stltutf sfts l $


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Ilppeg` Nffs.

l) Rksfgbluo shkuaj rfikvfr bfilusf shf ikgnfrrfj l bfgfnet weth lrflskglbaf fxpfitltekg kn bfeg` ikopfgsltfj.

b) Rksfgbluo shkuaj gkt rfikvfr bfilusf shf hlj thf kppkrtugety tk ikgtrlit

nkr hfr sfrveifs prekr tk prkvejeg` thfo.


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Ilppeg` Nffs. Zhf muvfgeaf ikurt lwlrjfj Rksfgbluo thf fxifss nffs kg l

qulgtuo ofruet thfkry, but thf Yuprfof Ikurt kn Ekwl rfvfrsfj. (Zhf pubaeijfnfgjfrs knneif wls lsse`gfj rfspkgsebeaety nkr fvlaulteg` lgj plyeg``ulrjelg nff lppaeiltekgs.) Ytltf Tubaei Jfnfgjfr v. Ekwl Jestreit Ikurt nkrPkkjbury Ikugty, 09< G.P.2j >84 (Ekwl 2440). \ulgtuo ofruet es l qulse-ikgtrlitula thfkry kn rfikvfry prkvejeg` thlt, Swhfg_ kgf pfrskg rfgjfrssfrveifs nkr lgkthfr wheih lrf cgkwg lgj liifptfj by heo, thf alw eopaefs l

prkoesf kg hes plrt tk ply thfrfnkr. Ej. Lt >8: (ietltekgs koettfj). Zhf ikurtlicgkwafj`fj thlt et wls tfopteg` tk laakw Rksfgbluo tk rfikvfr kg lqulgtuo ofruet thfkry bfilusf kn thf qulaety kn hfr wkrc lgj thf pubaeijfnfgjfrs nleaurf tk ikgsestfgtay nkaakw thf stltutf. But, thf ikurt ikgiaujfjthlt qulgtuo ofruet ilggkt bf usfj tk supfrsfjf thf lnneroltevf rfquerfofgtskn l stltutf. (Zhf ikurts rflskgeg` fssfgtelaay laakws thlt rfik`gezeg` l ialeokn qulgtuo ofruet es wetheg thf fquetlbaf pkwfr kn thf ikurt, but thf ikurtilggkt usf thlt pkwfr et wkuaj supfrsfjf iaflr af`esaltevf litekg.)


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Yhlreg` eg thf Peggeg`s Rfjux. Pk Yeg Iheu wls sfrekusay egmurfj eg lg

lutk ikaaesekg kg Olrih 20,


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Yhlreg` eg thf Peggeg`s Rfjux.

l) Yhlpfrk ilg rfikvfr eg qulse-ikgtrlit nkr thf vlauf hes wkrc prkvejfj tkIheu tk lvkej ugmust fgreihofgt.

b) Yhlpfrk ilggkt rfikvfr bfilusf hf ikuaj hlvf ikgtrlitfj fxprfssay nkr

thf nff hf wkuaj bf jk en Iheu nerfj heo bfnkrf thf ilsf sfttafj.


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Yhlreg` eg thf Peggeg`s Rfjux. Zhf akwfr ikurt lwlrjfj Yhlpfrk rfikvfry

kg l ikgtrlit thfkry= thf :4% ikgteg`fgiy nff afss thf rflskglbaf ikst knsfrveifs kn kthfr lttkrgfys rfquerfj tk ikopaftf thf ikgtrlit (hfrf, Blcfr).Zhf Cfgtuicy Yuprfof Ikurt rfvfrsfj lgj kvfrturgfj ets kwg prfifjfgt,kpteg` tk nkaakw thf vlst olmkrety pksetekg thlt lttkrgfys jesihlr`fj eg suihieriuostlgifs shkuaj rfikvfr kg l qulgtuo ofruet blses rlthfr thlg likgtrlit blses. Zhus, Yhlpfrk ikuaj rfikvfr nkr thf vlauf kn lgy wkrc

pfrnkrofj jureg` thf twk pfrekjs thlt hf wls rftlegfj ls Iheus ikugsfa. Zhesilsf knnfrs lg kppkrtugety tk tlac lbkut thf `fgfrla vefw thlt iaefgts shkuajhlvf l brklj re`ht tk jesihlr`f lttkrgfys weth kr wethkut ilusf. \ulgtuoofruet rfolegs lvlealbaf tk lttkrgfys jesihlr`fj wethkut ilusf, rfnafiteg` thfvefw thlt et wkuaj bf ugnler nkr thf iaefgt rftleg thf vlauf kn thf sfrveifprkvejfj by thf lttkrgfy wethkut ikopfgslteg` heo.


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Yubikgtrlitkr s Ialeo. Hy-Brlsea Rfstlurlgts fgtfrfj egtk l ikgtrlit weth

Hkwfaa Olgl`fofgt nkr thf ikgstruitekg kn l rfstlurlgt lgj blr, lgj egYfptfobfr, Hkwfaa herfj Oecf @aygg & Ikoplgy ls l subikgtrlitkr tk jk thfpauobeg`, hflteg`, lgj ler-ikgjetekgeg` wkrc. Oecf @aygg hlj cgkwg Hy-BrlseasTrfsejfgt, Aelo Zefrglg, nkr kvfr therty yflrs. Kg Kitkbfr 20, Hkwfaa brflihfjets ikgtrlit weth @aygg by nleaeg` tk ply lg egvkeif eg nuaa wetheg tfg jlys, lgj@aygg thrfltfgfj tk wlac knn thf mkb. @aygg lgj Zefrglg jesputf thf fxlit

ikgtfgt kn thfer ikgvfrsltekg. @aygg ialeos thlt Zefrglg tkaj heo thlt et wls oksteopkrtlgt thlt thf mkb bf negeshfj bfnkrf thf hkaejlys lgj prkoesfj @aygg thltfethfr Zefrglg pfrskglaay, kr Hy-Brlsea, wkuaj ply heo en hf ikopaftfj thf mkb.Zefrglg jfgefj olceg` lgy prkoesfs tk ply @aygg en Hkwfaa nleafj tk jk sk, butljoets thlt hf fgikurl`fj @aygg tk ikgteguf tk wkrc lgj fxpalegfj thlt l jfalyplst thf hkaejlys wkuaj wkrc l tfrrebaf hlrjshep kg Hy-Brlsea. @aygg jej

ikgteguf tk wkrc lgj herfj ljjetekgla wkrcfrs lgj wkrcfj kvfrteof tk ikopaftfthf mkb bfnkrf thf hkaejlys. En @aygg hlj afnt thf mkb whfg Hkwfaa stkppfjolceg` plyofgt, hf wkuaj hlvf egiurrfj rku`hay $6,444 eg jlol`fs. Byrfolegeg`, hf egiurrfj $:2,444. Lntfr Hkwfaa nleafj tk ply heo, @aygg jfolgjfjplyofgt nrko Zefrglg lgj Hy-Brlsea, lgj Zefrglg rfnusfj tk olcf lgy plyofgt.

Lrf Zefrglg lgj Hy-Brlsea aelbaf eg qulse-ikgtrlit tk @aygg;


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Yubikgtrlitkr s Ialeo.

l) Ufs, bfilusf @aygg prkvejfj sfrveifs fxpfiteg` tk bf plej lgj Zefrglgfgikurl`fj heo tk jk sk.

b) Gk, bfilusf @aygg hlj thf kppkrtugety tk kbtleg l prkoesf tk ply nrko

Zefrglg but hf jej gkt.


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Yubikgtrlitkr s Ialeo.Lntfr l bfgih trela, thf Olsslihusftts Yupfrekr Ikurt

Jfplrtofgt nkugj Hy-Brlsea lgj Zefrglg aelbaf eg qulgtuo ofruet tk @aygg.Zhf trela muj`f ikgiaujfj thlt thfrf wls gk wrettfg kr krla ikgtrlit bftwffg@aygg lgj Zefrglg, but thlt et wls ugikgtfstfj thlt SZefrglg_ liifptfj thfsfrveifs kn S@aygg_ weth cgkwafj`f thlt S@aygg_ fxpfitfj tk bf plej byskofkgf. Zhf trela muj`f rflskgfj thlt @aygg egiurrfj lg ljjetekgla fe`htteofs thf lokugt kn jlol`fs ls l rfsuat kn skof oktevltekg nrko thf

jfnfgjlgts, whk wfrf thf jerfit bfgfneielrefs kn thf ikopaftekg kn thf prkmfit.Et es se`geneilgt tk thes Ikurt thlt thf plrtefs egvkavfj cgfw flih kthfr nkr kvfrtherty yflrs, ls thf trefr oust ikgsejfr laa rfafvlgt ieriuostlgifs egiaujeg` thfsetultekg lgj thf rfaltekgshep kn thf plrtefs. Bfilusf Zefrglg nleafj tk prkvfthlt hf hlj plej Hkwfaa spfieneilaay nkr thf wkrc ikopaftfj by @aygg, thf muj`fkrjfrfj Zefrglg lgj Hy-Brlsea tk ply @aygg nkr laa kutstlgjeg` egvkeifs. Zhf

Lppflas Ikurt uphfaj thf trela muj`f, jfirflsfj thf jlol`fs lwlrj by thf$6,444 eg jlol`fs egiurrfj prekr tk lgy fgikurl`fofgt by Zefrglg. Oecf@aygg & Ik. v. Hy-Brlsea Rfstlurlgts, Egi., --- G.F.2j ----, 2445 PA 94802

2012 contracts slides ch 7

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