2012 solar system
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Our Solar System consists of:
• __________
• __________
• __________
• __________
• __________
• __________
1 Star
8 Planets
Many Moons
Asteroids
Comets
5+Dwarf Planets
![Page 2: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
•The _____ is our nearest star and the
center of our solar system.
•It is a big ball of _________. (92% H / 8% He)
•It is the source for all of the
_________________ in the solar system.
•It has 99.85% mass of the Solar System
sun
gases
light and energy
The SunThe Sun
![Page 3: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•The sun has a lot of _______ which pulls on the planets and keeps them in orbit.
•The planets ______________ (travel) around the sun in an elliptical or oval path.
•The amount of time that each planet takes to travel around the sun is known as a ___________ and is the length of a year on that planet.
gravity
orbit or revolve
revolution
RevolutionsRevolutions
![Page 4: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Each planet also _______, or spins on its axis, as it revolves around the sun.
The amount of time that each planet takes to turn all the way around its axis is known as a __________ and equals the length of one day on that planet.
rotates
rotation
RotationRotation
![Page 5: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
In order for an object in the solar system to be considered a planet, it must do 3 things.• It must ______ the sun.• It must have a _______ shape.• It must have cleared its neighborhood.
The planets listed in their order based on how far they are from the sun are:
_________,_________, ______, ________, ________, ________, ________, and _________.
orbitround
Mercury Venus Earth MarsJupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
PlanetsPlanets
![Page 7: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Inner Planets “Terrestrial Planets”
• Rocky
• Dense
• Small
Images: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=178
• Few or no moons• Metal cores (iron)
![Page 8: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
AsteroidsAsteroids
Asteroids are small objects that orbit the sun. Many are found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Others are found in the Kuiper belt past Pluto.
![Page 9: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Outer Planets
• Large!
• Gas Giants
• No solid surface (land masses)
• May have a small solid core
• Tumultuous atmospheres - rapid winds, large storms
• Rotate relatively quickly
• Many moonsImage: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=178
![Page 10: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Kuiper Belt
• Disk of debris at the edge of our Solar System
• Pluto is a KB Object (sorry!)
• Source of short-period comets
![Page 11: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Comets and the Oort CloudComets and the Oort Cloud
Outside the Kupier Belt is the Oort cloud, a cloud of dust and other objects that orbit our sun. Most comets travel in this cloud in irregular orbits that pass close to the planets.
![Page 12: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Inner Planets!
Image: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=178
![Page 13: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mercury – The Hidden PlanetMercury – The Hidden PlanetPlanet Fast facts:
• Diameter – 3031 miles• Distance from Sun -
~36 million miles
• Gravity -1/3 of Earth’s• Rotation (day) -
59 Earth Days
• Revolution (year) - 88 Earth Days
• Atmosphere – almost none• Moons – none• Rings - none
• Named after the Roman messenger God because of how fast it orbits the sun.
• Temperature ranges from 800o F to hundreds of degrees below zero.
• Surface is covered by craters caused by objects smashing into it.
![Page 14: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Venus- The Bright PlanetVenus- The Bright PlanetPlanet Fast Facts
• Diameter – 7521 miles• Distance from Sun –
67 million miles
• Gravity -9/10 of Earth’s• Rotation (day) -
243 Earth Days
• Revolution (year) - 225 Earth Days
• Atmosphere – – 96% carbon dioxide
• Moons – none• Rings - none
• Named after the Roman Goddess of Love and beauty.
• It is the brightest object in the sky besides the sun and moon.
• Called Morning or Evening Star depending on its location.
• Atmosphere causes a greenhouse effect so temperatures reach 900oF.
![Page 16: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Earth- The Blue PlanetEarth- The Blue PlanetPlanet Fast Facts
• Diameter – 8000 miles• Distance from Sun –
– 93 million miles• Gravity – 1g• Rotation (day) -
1 Earth Day• Revolution (year)
365 Earth Days• Atmosphere –
– 78% nitrogen – 21 % oxygen
• Moons – one : Luna• Rings - none
• Named after the Roman Goddess Ea, which means earth
• It is called the blue planet because of the water that covers 75 % of the surface.
![Page 18: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mars- the Red PlanetMars- the Red PlanetPlanet Fast Facts
• Diameter – 4000 miles• Distance from Sun –
142 million miles
• Gravity – 1/3 of Earth’s
• Rotation (day)– 25 Earth Hours
• Revolution (year)687 Earth Days
• Atmosphere – – 95% Carbon Dioxide
• Moons – two: Phobos & Deimos
• Rings - none
• Temperature ranges from 75F to -190F.
• It has the largest known mountain (volcano) in our solar system called Olympus Mons. It is 3 times taller than Mt. Everest.
• It has a canyon 10 times longer and 3 times deeper than the Grand Canyon.
![Page 20: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Deimos
Phobos
![Page 21: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
•Scientists’ currently think yes there is..
•Possibly lots of water…• •~about 3.5 – 4 billion years ago there may have been an acidic, salty ocean
Image: LPI http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/timeline/gallery/slide_19.html
Is there Water on Mars?
![Page 22: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Water ice and dust• CO2 layer – winter• Caps expand and
contract during seasonal changes
MGS image of ice cap:http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/polaricecaps/PIA02393.html
Viking image at http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/vl2_p21873.html
Viking Image at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00407
Martian Water Now
![Page 23: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Jupiter – The GiantJupiter – The GiantPlanet Fast Facts
• Diameter – 89,000 miles• Distance from Sun –
– 484 million miles
• Gravity – 2 ½ times Earth’s• Rotation (day) –
10 Earth Hours
• Revolution (year) - 12 Earth Years
• Atmosphere – – Hydrogen and Helium
• Rings – 3 made of fine dust particles
• Moons – 62 with 50 them being named
• The most famous moons are the 4 Galilean moons; Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.
• Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system and is larger than Mercury.
• The big Red Spot is believed to be a 340 year old storm.
• It is 3 times the size of Earth
![Page 25: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Io
Callista
Ganymede
Europa
![Page 26: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Saturn – The Ringed PlanetSaturn – The Ringed PlanetPlanet Fast Facts
• Diameter – 75,000 miles• Distance from Sun –
890 million miles
• Gravity – slightly more than Earth’s
• Rotation (day)– 10 ½ Earth Hours
• Revolution (year)29 ½ Earth Years
• Atmosphere – – Hydrogen, – Helium – Methane
• Moons:has 62
53 named
• Titan is largest & has atmosphere.
• Rings – 7 rings, made of smaller ice ringlets
• Saturn’s average density is less than water, so it would float.
• Like Jupiter, Saturn gives off more heat than it receives from the sun
![Page 27: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Saturn
Titan and smaller moon looking across Saturn’s rings.
Titan’s Cloudy suface
![Page 28: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Uranus – the Tilted PlanetUranus – the Tilted Planet
Planet Fast Facts
• Diameter – 32,000 miles• Distance from Sun –
– 1,800 million miles
• Gravity – 9/10 of Earth’s
• Rotation (day) – 18 Earth Hours
• Revolution (year)84 Earth Years
• Atmosphere – – 72 %Hydrogen
– 26% helium
– 2% methane
• Moons – 27 known natural satellites
• Rings -11made of ice boulders and fine dust
• Its axis is tilted 98o, which means it lays on its side. It rotates like a ball rolling across the floor rather than like a top.
![Page 29: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The moons of Uranus are not named after Roman mythological characters. They are named after characters from the writings of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope.
![Page 30: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Neptune – The Twin PlanetNeptune – The Twin PlanetPlanet Fast Facts
• Diameter – 31,000 miles• Distance from Sun –
– 2,800 million miles
• Gravity – slightly larger than Earth’s
• Rotation (day)– 19 Earth Hours
• Revolution (year)168 Earth Years
• Atmosphere – – Hydrogen – Helium – Methane
• Moons- 13 known satellites The largest is the moon, Triton. Triton orbits Neptune in the opposite direction from the planet’s rotation.
• Rings- 3 obvious rings and one faint ring made of dust
• Scientists knew Neptune existed before they saw it because of its effect on Uranus’ orbit
![Page 31: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Neptune
Triton
![Page 32: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Dwarf PlanetsDwarf Planets• These are small bodies that orbit the sun and
have nearly round shapes as a result of their own gravity and are not satellites.
• There are 6 known dwarf planets, Pluto, Ceres, Makemake, Haumea, Quaoar and Eris.
• Scientists are studying about 200 more objects in the solar system that may be classified as dwarf planets.
![Page 33: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Pluto
Charon
PlutoPluto• Pluto was once
known as the 9th planet.
• Its orbit passes into the Kupier belt which means the orbit is not clear of other objects. That is why it is a dwarf planet.
Its three moons are Charon, Nix and Hydra.
![Page 34: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CeresCeres
• Ceres is located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. It was discovered in 1801 and has a diameter of 950 km.
• It orbits the sun every 4.6 years. It has water and an atmosphere.
• It has 1/3 of all the mass in the asteroid belt.
![Page 35: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
ErisEris
• Discovered in 2005.
• Larger than Pluto
• 3 times as far from the sun as Pluto
• Has a moon named Dysnomia
![Page 36: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Haumea
• Just farther from the sun than Pluto
• Icy world
• Elliptical in shape
• Revolution 285 years
• Rotation 4 hours
• Two moons – – Hi’iaka & Namaka
![Page 37: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Makemake
• Orbits past Pluto
• Revolution – 310years
• Red in color
• Diameter = 1300 km
![Page 38: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Comparing the PlanetsComparing the Planets
![Page 39: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The Milky WayThe Milky WayOur solar system is in the Orion arm of a
spiral galaxy known as the Milky Way.
![Page 42: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
GalaxyGalaxy
• A galaxy is a collection of stars, interstellar gases, dust and dark matter.
• Galaxies are classified based on their shapes. There are three main types.– Elliptical– Spiral – Irregular
![Page 44: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Elliptical Elliptical GalaxyGalaxy
![Page 45: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Spiral GalaxySpiral Galaxy
![Page 46: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Irregular GalaxiesIrregular Galaxies
![Page 47: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Colliding GalaxiesColliding Galaxies
It is believed that the universe is expanding and galaxies are moving. Scientist have taken pictures of colliding galaxies to prove this.
![Page 48: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
StarsStars• Inside galaxies are 100’s, 1000’s or
1,000,000’s of stars.
• Not all stars are the same.
• Stars are classified by their colors. They are red, orange, yellow, white and blue. The color indicates how hot a star is with red being the least hot and blue being the hottest.
• Our sun is a medium sized yellow star.
![Page 49: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Star comparisonsStar comparisons
![Page 50: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Is Pluto a Planet?
• is in orbit around the Sun,
• has sufficient mass for its self-gravity so that it assumes
a spherical shape
• has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
What Makes a Planet a Planet?
![Page 53: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Is Pluto a Planet?
• is in orbit around the Sun,• has sufficient mass for its self-gravity so that it assumes a spherical shape• has NOT cleared the neighborhood around its orbit• is not a satellite (MOON)
• a dwarf planet is not a planet!
What is a Dwarf Planet?
![Page 54: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Is Pluto a Planet?
Image based on NASA images, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:EightTNOs.png
Pluto is not a planet because it is way too small, and it doesn't meet the necessary requirement needed to be a planet.
The requirements are:
It needs to be in orbit around the sun-- YES! Pluto does orbit the sun.
It needs to have enough gravity to pull itself into a spherical shape -- Pluto has sufficient gravity to have become a shpere. (This is called hydrostatic equilibrium, by the way.)
It needs to have ”cleared the neighborhood_" of its orbit -- Uh oh. Here's the "problem" with Pluto. According to this IAU rule, Pluto is not a planet.
![Page 55: 2012 solar system](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/555121b5b4c905b1138b53d6/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)