2013 environmental statistics compendium.pdf

7/27/2019 2013 ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS COMPENDIUM.pdf

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GOVERNMENT OF BERMUDA

Cabinet Office

Department of Statistics

2

013


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Published by:

Research DivisionP. O. Box HM 3015

Hamilton, HM MX, Bermuda

Telephone: (441) 297-7761Fax: (441) 295-8390

E-mail: [email protected]: www.statistics.gov.bm


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CONTENTS

Foreword............................................................................................................................................... 1DataNotes............................................................................................................................................ 2MeasuringUnitsConversionTable...................................................................................... 2Contributors......................................................................................................................................... 2

1 POPULATIONANDHOUSEHOLDS..............................................3

Table 1.1 Population and Population Density, 2000 and 2008 2012 ...........................................................5

Chart 1.1 Population Density, 2008 2012 .................................................................................................5

Table 1.2 Number o Households by Type o Dwelling, 2000 and 2010 ...........................................................6

Table 1.3 Number o Households by Type o Tenure, 2000 and 2010 .............................................................6

Table 1.4 Number o Households by Number o Bedrooms, 2000 and 2010 ...................................................7

Table 1.5 Number o Households by Size o Household, 2000 and 2010 ........................................................7

2 TOURISM....................................................................................................9Table 2.1 Tourists, Cruise Ship Arrivals, Tourist Nights Spent, Tourism Intensity and Penetration Ratios, 2008-2012.12

Chart 2.1 Growth in Air Passengers, Cruise Passengers and Total Visitors, 2008 2012 .................................12

Chart 2.2 Tourists to Residents, Cruise Passengers to Residents and Visitors to Residents Ratios, 2008-2012 ..13

Chart 2.3 Tourist Intensity and Penetration Ratios, 2008 2012 ..................................................................13

Table 2.2 Visitor Expenditure and Number Employed in Tourism, 2008 2012 ..............................................14

Table 2.3 Number o Properties, Number o Rooms per km2, and Occupancy Rate, 2008-2012 .....................14

Chart 2.4 Number o Hotel Rooms Available, 2008 2012 .........................................................................15

Chart 2.5 Occupancy Rate, 2008 2012 ..................................................................................................15

Table 2.4 Tourist Arrivals by Type o Accommodation, 2008 2012 ..............................................................15

Table 2.5 Tourist Arrivals by Country o Origin, 2008 2012 ........................................................................16

Table 2.6 Estimated Electricity Consumption by Tourists, 2008 2012 ........................................................16Chart 2.6 Tourists Estimated Electricity Consumption and Growth, 2008 2012 ...........................................16

3 ENVIRONMENTALHEALTH/WEATHER................................. 17

Table 3.1 Reported Cases o Environmentally Related Diseases by Sex, 2010 2012 ....................................19

Chart 3.1 Growth in Reported Cases o Environmentally Related Diseases by Sex and Total, 2010-2012 ..........20

Chart 3.2 Reported Cases o Environmentally Related Diseases by Cause, 2012 ............................................20

Table 3.2 Rainall in Inches and Days by Month o Year and Total, 2008 2012 ............................................21

Table 3.3 Mean Air Temperature, 2008 2012 ..........................................................................................22

Chart 3.3 Total Number o Inches o Rainall and Rain Days, 2008 2012 ...................................................23

Chart 3.4 Mean Daily Maximum, Minimum and Mean Daily Air Temperature, 2008 2012 .............................23

Table 3.4 Mean Relative Humidity, 2008 2012 ........................................................................................24Chart 3.5 Yearly Average Relative Humidity, 2008 2012 ............................................................................24

4 NATURALANDENVIRONMENTALDISASTERS................26

Table 4.1 Natural Disaster, 2003 ..............................................................................................................28

Table 4.2 Incidences o Fire by Type, 2008 2012 .....................................................................................29

Chart 4.1 Total Incidences o Fires, 2008 2012 .......................................................................................29


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5 ENERGY,MINERALSANDTRANSPORT...............................30

Table 5.1 Value o Imported Fuel by Type, 2009 and 2012 ..........................................................................32

Table 5.2 Value of Imported Mineral Fuels, Mineral Oils, and Related Products Consumed by Type, 2009 and 2012 .....33

Table 5.3 Electricity Consumption by Type o Consumer, 2008 2012 ..........................................................33

Table 5.4 Growth in Electricity Consumption by Type o Consumer, 2008 2012 ...........................................34Chart 5.1 Growth in Electricity Consumption by Type o Consumer and Total Consumption, 2008-2012 ............34

Table 5.5 Percent o Total Electricity Consumption by Type o Consumer , 2008 2012 .................................34

Table 5.6 Registered Road Vehicles by Type, 2008 2012 .........................................................................35

Chart 5.2 Growth in Registered Road Vehicles, 2008 2012 .......................................................................35

6 AGRICULTURE......................................................................................36

Table 6.1 Use o Fertilizers by Type, 2008 2012 ......................................................................................38

Table 6.2 Use o Pesticides by Type and Year, 2008 2012 ........................................................................38

Chart 6.1 Growth in Use o Fertilizers and Pesticides, 2008 2012 ..............................................................39

7 LANDUSE...............................................................................................40Table 7.1 Land Use, as o 2001 ................................................................................................................42

Map 7.1 Land Use Survey, as o 2001 .....................................................................................................43

Table 7.2.1 Land Use by Parish, City, and Town, as o 2001............................................................................44

Table 7.2.2 Land Use by Parish, City, and Town, as o 2001............................................................................45

8 COASTALANDMARINERESOURCES...................................46

Table 8.1 Total and Protected Marine Area, 2012 .......................................................................................48

Chart 8.1 Protected Marine Area as a Percentage o Total Marine Area, 2012 ................................................48

Table 8.2 Marine Protected Areas by Category and Area, 2012 ....................................................................49

Table 8.3.1 Marine Protected Areas Around Bermuda, 2012...........................................................................50Table 8.3.2 Marine Protected Areas Around Bermuda, 2012...........................................................................51

Map 8.1 Marine Protected Areas, 2012 ...................................................................................................52

Table 8.4 Quantity o Fish Landings by Type, 2008 2012 ........................................................................53

Table 8.5 Total Catch by Hours at Sea, Average Catch o Fishing Area,

and Number o Registered Fishermen, 2008-2012.......................................................................53

Chart 8.2 Growth in Total Catch and Total Hours at Sea, 2008 2012 .........................................................54

Chart 8.3 Number o Registered Fishermen, 2008 2012 ..........................................................................54

Table 8.6 Number o Households and Population o Coastal Areas, Census Years: 1990, 2000 and 2010 .......55

Chart 8.4 Number o Households and Population o Coastal Areas, Census Years: 1990, 2000 and 2010 .......55

9 BIODIVERSITY......................................................................................56

Table 9.1 Protected Area, 2012 ................................................................................................................58

Chart 9.1 Protected Land Area as a Percentage o Total Land Area, 2012......................................................59

Chart 9.2 Total Protected Area as a Percentage o Total Area, 2012 ..............................................................59

Map 9.1 Terrestrial Protected Areas Including Marine Parks, 2012 ..............................................................60

Table 9.2 Protected Areas by Category and Area, 2012 ...............................................................................61


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10FORESTS.................................................................................................62

Table 10.1 Protected Forest Area as a Percentage o Total Land Area, 2012 ....................................................64

Chart 10.1 Protected Forest Area as a Percentage o Total Land Area, 2012 ....................................................64

11AIR...............................................................................................................65Table 11.1 Air Emissons rom Tynes Bay Waste to Energy Facility, 2012 .........................................................67

Table 11.2 Average Concentrations or Prospect Ambient Air Monitoring Sites, 2010 2012 ............................68

Table 11.3 Maximum Concentrations or Ambient Air Monitoring Sites, 2010 2012 .......................................69

Figure 11.1 24-hour Average PM10 Concentration 2012 .............................................................................70

Figure 11.2 24-hour Average PM10 Concentration 2011 .............................................................................70

Map 11.1 Bermuda Ambient Air Monitoring Sites, 2011 ..............................................................................71

12WASTE......................................................................................................72

Table 12.1 Generation o Waste by Source, 2008 2012 .............................................................................75

Chart 12.1 Recyclables Exported to The United States by Bermuda, 2012 .......................................................75Table 12.2 Management o Municipal Waste, 2008 2012 ..........................................................................76

Table 12.3 Management o Special Waste, 2008 2012 ..............................................................................76

Table 12.4 Management o Municipal Waste by Type, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012 ......................................77

13WATER......................................................................................................78

Table 13.1 Renewable Freshwater Resources, 2010 2012 .........................................................................80

Table 13.2 Water Use Balance, 2010 2012 ..............................................................................................81

Table 13.3 Freshwater Abstraction, 2010 2012 .........................................................................................82

Table 13.4 Water Supply Industry (ISIC 36), 2010 2012 ...........................................................................83

Table 13.5 Total Water Use, 2010 2012 ...................................................................................................83

Table 13.6 Percentage o Population Connected to Wastewater Treatment, 2010 2012 ...............................84Map 13.1 Water Resources Protection Areas, 2010.....................................................................................85

ANNEX......................................................................................................86

Terrestrial Protected Areas Including Marine Parks ...........................................................................................87

Map Key ................................................................................................................................................87

Map 01 ................................................................................................................................................88

Map 02 ................................................................................................................................................89

Map 03 ................................................................................................................................................90

Map 04 ................................................................................................................................................91

Map 05 ................................................................................................................................................92

Map 06 ................................................................................................................................................93Map 07 ................................................................................................................................................94

Map 08 ................................................................................................................................................95

Map 09 ................................................................................................................................................96

Map 10 ................................................................................................................................................97


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FOREWORD

The Department o Statistics is pleased to release its ourth issue o the Environment Statistics Compendium. In

alignment with the Departments mission to collect, process and analyze relevant statistical inormation; and, in keepingwith its mandate to collaborate with Government Ministries and Departments or the collation and distribution ostatistics to the general public; this publication is produced annually and reects the collation o existing data sourcedrom the activities o both Government and non-Governmental entities that are involved in either monitor-ing, controllingor promoting awareness about issues aecting Bermudas environment.

Additionally, the delivery o this report supports the combined eorts o the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) to strengthen capacity and harmonize the compilation o social, gender andenvironmental statistics and indicators in the CARICOM Region or the achievement o the UN Millennium DevelopmentGoals by 2015.

The Compendium is structured in 13 sections which include:1. Population and Households

2. Tourism3. Environmental Health/Weather4. Natural and Environmental Disasters5. Energy, Minerals and Transport6. Agriculture7. Land Use8. Coastal and Marine Resources9. Biodiversity10. Forestry11. Air12. Waste13. Water

The Department grateully acknowledges the continued support o all subject area experts and stakeholders whocommitted to providing the statistical data and inormation needed to compile and publish this report.

Valerie Robinson-James

Director

Department o Statistics

November 2013


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DataNotes

.. not applicable ha hectares

.. not available km kilometre

- less than hal o the unit specifed or nil km2 square kilometre

000 thousands kWh kilowatt-hour

0 degrees mio m3/y million cubic meters per year

% per cent mT metric tons

$ Bermuda dollar No. number

F Fahrenheit g/m3 microgram

ppb parts per billion

*Percentages may not sum to totals due to rounding.

MeasuringUnitsConversionTableMETRIC IMPERIAL IMPERIAL METRIC

LENGTH

1 millimetre (mm) 0.03937 inch (in) 1 inch (in) 2.54 centimetre (cm)

1 centimetre (cm) 10 mm 0.3937 inch 1 yard (yd) 3 eet (t) 0.9144 metre (m)

1 metre (m) 100 cm 1.0936 yards (yds) 1 mile 1,760 yds 1.6093 kilometre (km)

1 kilometre (km) 1,000 m 0.6214 mile

AREA

1 square meter (m2) 10,000 cm2 1 acre 4,840 yd2 4,046.9 square meter (m2)

1 hectare (ha) 10,000 m2 2.4712 acres 1 acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)

1 square kilometer (km2) 100 ha 0.3861 square mile (mile2) 1 square mile (mile2) 640 acres 2.59 square kilometer(km2)

MASS

1 kilogram (kg) 1,000 grams (g) 2.2046 pounds (lbs) 1 pound (lb) 16 ounces (oz) 0.4536 kg

1 metric tonne (mT) 1,000 kg 0.9842 ton 1 ton 2,240 lbs 1.016 metric tonne (mT)

TEMPERATURE

0C = [5/9 x (0F-32)] 1 degree Celsius (0C) 33.8 degrees Fahrenheit (0F)

0F = [(9/5 x0C) + 32]

ContributorsBermuda Electric Light Company (BELCO) Ltd. Bermuda Fire Services Department of Conservation Services

Department of Environmental Protection Department of Health Department of Planning

Department of Statistics Department of Tourism The Bermuda Weather Service Transport Control Department

Department o Works and Engineering Water Section

Department o Works and Engineering Waste and Enorcement Section


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Section1:PopulationandHouseholds

Population

Bermudas population has continued to grow over time. This is attributed in part to natural increase, that is, when thenumber o births exceeds the number o deaths. According to the Population Projections or 2012, Bermudas civil-

ian population was estimated to be 64,867 persons. It is estimated that the population density o Bermuda or 2012was 1,194 persons per square kilometer. The civilian population does not include persons in institutions or who werenon-sheltered. The population density has gradually increased year on year (see Table 1.1).

Households

The 2010 Census reported 26,923 households in Bermuda (see Table 1.2). The 7.06% increase in the number ohouseholds since 2000 can be attributed to Bermudas growing population. However, the high cost o housing may leadto environmental concerns such as, overcrowding and homelessness.


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Table 1.1

Population and Population Density

Year Population Population Density (per km2)

2000 62,059 1 1,142

2008 64,209 2 1,181

2009 64,395 2 1,185

2010 64,237 1 1,182

2011 64,722 2 1,191

2012 64,867 2 1,194

Source: Department o Statistics

According to the Department o Planning (2008), Bermuda is 54.34 km21The 2000 and 2010 Census year population totals excludes the non-sheltered and institutionalized population.2 Based on the 2000 Population Projections.

Chart 1.1

Population Density

1174

1176

1178

1180

1182

1184

1186

1188

1190

1192

1194

1196

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

PopulationDensity(perkm2)


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Table 1.2

Number o Households by Type o Dwelling

Type o Dwelling2000 2010

No. % No. %

Undivided private house (cottage) 6,717 27 6,280 23

Two apartments 8,679 35 8,870 33

Three apartments 4,396 17 4,639 17

Four or more apartments 4,580 18 5,024 19

Residential/commercial premises 306 1 281 1

Group dwellings 385 2 696 3

Other/not stated 85 - 27 -

Total 25,148 100 26,923 1 100

Source: 2010 Population and Housing Census

Group dwellings include hotel sta quarters, nurses hostels, and police barracks.

Percentages may not sum to totals due to rounding.1 Includes 1,106 households or which there is no data by type o dwelling.

Table 1.3

Number o Households by Type o Tenure

Type o Tenure 2000 2010

No. % No. %

Own 10,863 43 12,238 45

Rent 12,854 51 11,719 44Rent-Free 1,006 4 1,004 4

Other/Not Stated 425 1 2 856 2 3

Total 25,148 100 26,923 3 100

Source: 2010 Population and Housing Census1Includes 385 group dwellings2 Includes 696 group dwellings and 27 boats.3 Includes 1,1 06 households or which there is no data by type o tenure.


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Table 1.4

Number o Households by Number o Bedrooms

Number o Bedrooms 2000 2010

No. % No. %

Studio dwelling (0 bedrooms) 1,188 5 790 3

Households with one bedroom 6,385 26 6,101 24

Households with two bedrooms 8,964 36 8,944 36

Households with three bedrooms 6,866 28 7,473 30

Households with more than 3 bedrooms 1,319 5 1,645 7

Not stated 41 - 144 -

Total number o households 24,763 100 25,094 1 100

Average number o bedrooms per household 2 2.03 2.12

Average size o the household3

2.47 2.42Average number o persons per bedroom4 1.23 1.14

Source: 2000 & 2010 Population and Housing Census1 Excludes 696 goup dwellings and 27 boats since the number o bedrooms is not collected or these types o dwellings.2 Excludes 1,106 households or which there is no data on the number o bedrooms.3 In calculating the average size o household, the population o 875 persons rom the group dwellings and boats was subtracted rom the total population.4 In calculating the average number o persons per bedroom, the population o 875 persons rom the group dwellings and boats was subtracted rom the total population.

Table 1.5

Number o Households by Size o Household

Size o Household 2000 2010

No. % No. %

One person 7,358 29.26 7,341 29.25

Two persons 7,539 29.98 7,902 31.49

Three persons 4,489 17.85 4,498 17.92

Four persons 3,683 14.65 3,536 14.09

Five persons 1,436 5.71 1,234 4.92

Six persons 408 1.62 385 1.53

Seven persons 151 0.60 112 0.45

Eight persons 47 0.19 52 0.21

More than eight persons 37 0.15 34 0.14

Total number o households 25,148 100.00 25,0941 100.00

Average size o household 2.47 2.42

Source: 2010 Population and Housing Census1 Excludes 696 goup dwellings and 27 boats since the number o bedrooms is not collected or these types o dwellings.


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Millennium Development Goal 7

Indicator 32

Proportion o households with access to secure tenure

100%

The percentage o the population that do not live in slums. A slumhousehold is a group o individuals living under the same roo who lack oneor more o the ollowing conditions: security o tenure, structural qualityand durability o dwellings, access to sae water, access to sanitationacilities, and sufcient living area.

Secure tenure reers to household persons who own or are purchasingtheir homes, renting privately or are in social housing or sub-tenancy.Households without secure tenure are defned as squatters (whether ornot they pay rent), homeless and households with no ormal agreement.


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Section2:Tourism

Bermudas tourism industry serves as one o the largest sources o revenue to the economy ater international business.The recurrent global economic crisis has had a negative impact on Bermudas tourism industry.

Tourist Arrivals

Tourist arrivals in 2012 saw a decrease o 6.36 per cent over 2011 with the number o visitors to the island increasinggradually over the last three year period. 2012 showed a decrease in visitors which hasnt been seen since 2008. Thisdecrease was attributed mainly to the drop in cruise ship passengers (see Table 2.1).

Visitor Expenditure

Visitor expenditure uctuated during the past six years. Aggregate expenditure peaked to $513.2 million in 2007 but ellto $392.1 million in 2012 (see Table 2.2).

Tourist Properties

In 2012, there were 2,531 rooms with a total o 5,243 beds, located on 48 properties around Bermuda. The occupancyrate o 55.70 per cent in 2012 was a 0.6 per cent decrease rom the previous year (see Table 2.3).

Visitor Accommodation

In 2012, 71.72 per cent o all tourists chose accommodations at one o Bermudas larger hotels (see Table 2.4).There were 27.62 per cent staying in other types o accommodations, while 0.66 per cent stayed at a guest house.The average length o stay to the island or a tourist was 6.1 days which has been consistent as o 2009. Estimatedelectricity consumption in 2012 was 4,767 kWh (see table 2.6).

Origin o Tourists

Visitors rom the United States, Bermudas largest tourism market, totalled 168,178 in 2012 representing a decreaseo 2.73 per cent over 172,890 visitors in 2011 (see Table 2.5). Overall, Bermuda has seen a decrease in air arrivalso 1.68 per cent over the previous year. The number o cruise ship passengers decreased 9.01 per cent in 2012 (see

Table 2.1).

NOTE TO READER

Average Length o Stay: intended length o stay or number o nights spent, unless otherwise stated.

Estimated Electricity Consumption by Tourists: a more direct tourism pressure indicator. It is estimated as thenational daily per capita electricity consumption times the number o tourist arrivals by the average length o stay, perone million population.

Index o Social Pressure or Ratio o Tourists (or Visitors) to the Local Population: measures the number o

tourists (or visitors) to one resident o the country at any given point in time.

Number o Hotel Rooms per km2: commonly accessible indirect proxy to measure tourisms imprint on the physicalenvironment. It is the number o hotel rooms available divided by the total land area (53.35 km2).

Occupancy Rate: it is calculated by dividing the monthly or yearly sum o room nights used by the number o roomnights available or use, then multiplying the quotient by 100 to express as a percentage.

Tourism: the activities o persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment or not more thanone consecutive year or leisure, business, and other purposes.


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Tourist: a person travelling to and staying in places outside his or her usual environment or not more than oneconsecutive year but who stays or more than 24 hours in a destination or leisure, business, and other purposes.

Tourist Arrivals: all stay-over visitors, not cruise passenger arrivals, given most cruise ships stop at multiple destinations,the total number o arrivals at all destinations is considerably larger than the number o cruise passengers visiting theregion.

Tourism Expenditure: the total expenditure made by a visitor or on behal o a visitor or and during his/her trip andstay at a destination.

Tourism Intensity/Density Ratio: measures the average daily tourist density per km2. It is the number o tourists perunit o land area at any given point in time. That is, number o tourists times average stay divided by land area (53.35km2) times 365. It shows how tourists are spread on the territory on average, and gives a general indication o pressureson land use due to tourism, with regard to a reerence period (e.g. year) or in peak season.

Tourism Penetration Ratio: measures the average daily tourist density per 1,000 population. It is number o touristsper 1,000 inhabitants o the country at any given point in time. That is, the number o tourists multiplied by the averagelength o stay divided by the population times 365.

Visitor: any person travelling to a place other than his/her usual environment or less than 12 months and whose main

purpose o the visit is other than the exercise o an activity remunerated rom within the place visited.


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Table 2.1

Tourist, Cruise Ship Arrivals, Tourist Nights Spent, Tourism Intensity and Penetration Rations

Indicator 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total visitors1 550,021 554,394 580,193 651,749 610,325

Growth rate (%) -16.60 0.80 4.65 12.33 -6.36

Tourists 263,613 235,866 232,262 236,038 232,063

Growth rate (%) -13.70 -10.53 -1.53 1.63 -1.68

Tourist arrival index 67.50 60.40 59.48 60.44 59.43

Cruise ship passengers 286,408 318,528 347,931 415,711 378,262

Growth rate (%) -19.10 11.21 9.23 19.48 -9.01

Cruise ship arrivals 134 135 149 177 157

Growth rate (%) -31.30 0.75 10.37 18.79 -11.30

No. o tourists nights spent 6.40 6.09 6.21 6.06 6.09

Population 65,462 65,811 64,319 64,722 64,867

Tourists to residents ratio 4.03 3.58 3.61 3.65 3.58

Cruise passengers to residents ratio 4.38 4.84 5.41 6.42 5.83

Visitors to residents ratio 8.40 8.42 9.02 10.07 9.41

Tourism intensity ratio 85.05 72.41 72.71 72.10 71.24

Tourism penetration ratio 70.61 59.80 61.44 60.55 59.69

1 Does not include yacht passengers.

Source: Department o Statistics and Department o Tourism

Chart 2.1

Growth in Air Passengers, Cruise Passengers and Total Visitors

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(%)

Air Passengers Cruise Passengers Total Visitors


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Chart 2.2

Tourist to Residents, Cruise Passengers to Residents and Visitors to Residents Ratios

4.1 3.73.6 3.6

3.58

4.54.9

5.4

6.45.83

8.6 8.69

10.1 9.41

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Ratio

Tourists to Residents Ratio

Cruise Passengers to Residents Ratio

Visitors to Residents Ratio

Chart 2.3

Tourist Intensity and Penetration Ratios

85

72.4 72.7 72.171.2472

61.1 61.4 60.5 59.69

50

60

70

80

90

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Ra

tio

Intensity Ratio Penetration Ratio


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Table 2.2

Visitor Expenditure and Number Employed in Tourism

Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Visitor expenditure (in US$000) 401,800 321,200 385,500 434,900 392,100

Expenditure on same-day visits 57,700 54,800 62,600 86,400 80,100

Expenditure on accommodation, meals 344,100 266,400 322,900 348,500 312,000

and drinks, shopping, entertainment etc.

Total directly employed in tourism

Women 1,966 1,838 1,759 1,872 1823

Men 2,903 2,836 2,590 2,661 2562

Total 4,869 4,674 4,349 4,533 4,385


Table 2.3

Number o Properties, Number o Rooms, Per km2, and Occupancy Rate

Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Number o properties 54 52 50 48 48

Total number o rooms available 2,736 2,832r 2,691r 2,591 2,531

Number o rooms per km2 50.30 52.12r 49.52r 47.68 46.58

Total number o beds 5,538 5,820r 5,69r 5,401 5243

Occupancy rate (%)1

59.10 51.10 54.00 56.30 55.70

According to the Department o Planning (2008), Bermuda is 54.34 km2

Source: Department o Statistics and Department o Tourism1 Occupancy rate is only reported by the Bermuda Hotel Association which accounts or approximately 50% o the total properties and 80% o the total number o rooms

and beds available. This fgure is sourced rom the Visitor Profle Report produced by the Department o Tourism.


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Chart 2.4

Number o Hotel Rooms Available

2736

2830

2695

2591

2531

2,400

2,500

2,600

2,700

2,800

2,900

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Roomsavailable

Chart 2.5

Occupancy Rate

59.1

51.1

54.0

56.3

55.7

40

44

48

52

56

60

64

68

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(%)

Table 2.4

Tourist Arrivals by Type o Accommodation

Type o Accommodation 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Hotels 171,203 159,739 162,011 168,502 166,425

Guest Houses 2,291 1,894 2,067 1,996 1,548

Other 90,119 74,233 68,184 65,540 64,090

Total 263,613 235,866 232,262 236,038 232,063



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Table 2.5

Tourist Arrivals by Country o Origin

Country o Origin 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

United States 189,388 172,651 166,016 172,890 168,178

Canada 27,207 24,866 30,402 29,217 30,565

United Kingdom 29,255 23,906 23,240 21,524 21,029

Other 17,763 14,443 12,604 12,407 12,291

Total 263,613 235,866 232,262 236,038 232,063


Table 2.6

Estimated Electricity Consumption by Tourists

Type o Accommodation 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Tourists 263,613 235,866 232,262 236,038 232,063

Average length o stay 6.40 6.10 6.21 6.06 6.09

Electricity consumption (kWh) 644,954 656,083 650,571 636,517 606,345

Daily per capita electricity consumption (kWh) 3,567 3,608 3,559 3,563 3,373

Estimated electricity consumption by tourists (kWh) 6,019 5,191 5,133 5,096 4,766

Change in estimated electricity consumption

by tourists (%)

-11.32 -13.75 -1.12 -0.72 -6.47


Chart 2.6

Tourists Estimated Electricity Consumption and Growth

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(%)kWh

Estimated electricity consumption by tourists (kWh)

Change in estimated electricity consumption by tourists (%)


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Section3:EnvironmentalHealthandWeather

Environmental Health

Environmental health reers to all aspects o human health and disease that are determined by actors in the environment.It reers to the theory and practice o assessing and controlling actors in the environment that can potentially aect a

persons health (World Health Organization, 2009).

Bermudas subtropical weather and high humidity contribute to the occurrence o human health conditions on theisland such as asthma and bronchitis. In 2012, there were 5,947 reported cases o environmentally-related diseases inBermuda. A total o 5,097 or 85.71%o these cases were classifed as respiratory diseases.

Gastroenteritis is defned as a condition that causes irritation and inammation o the stomach and intestines. Viralinection is the most common cause o gastroenteritis, but bacteria, parasites, and ood-borne illness (such as shellfsh)can be the oending agent. Viruses and bacteria are very contagious and can spread through contaminated ood orwater. (Emedicinehealth, 2009). In 2012, gastroenteritis accounted or 11.10%or 658 cases o the environmentally-related diseases in Bermuda.

The emale gender dominated the distribution o environmentally-related diseases at 60.92% while the males accounted

or 39.10% (see Table 3.1).

Weather

The precipitation on Bermuda has increased by 22.20% since 2012, with 49.27inches o rainall in 2012 rom 174rain days. On record, November is the month with the most rain days and the month o March the least rain days (seeTable 3.2).

The month o August was the hottest in Bermuda with an average daily temperature o 82.10 0F and the lowest wasFebruary (64.70 0F). Over the last our years, the annual average air temperature in Bermuda has remained around71.66 degrees Fahrenheit. During that period the average daily maximum temperature was 75.46 0F, and average dailyminimum temperature was 67.77 0F in 2012 (see Table 3.3).

Over the past fve years, 2008 to 2012, the average humidity was 74%. In 2012, the month with the highest humid-

ity was June (79%) and the lowest was February (70%) (see Table 3.4).


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Table 3.1

Number o Reported Cases o Environmentally Related Diseases by Sex

Cause Sex 2010 2011 2012

Gastroenteritis Female 477 349 359

Male 357 287 299Total 834 636 658

Malaria (imported) Female - 1 -

Male - 2 -

Total - 3 -

Dengue (imported) Female 1 1 -

Male 1 - -

Total 2 1 -

Accidental pesticide Female 2 2 -

Male 3 2 1

Total 5 4 1

Poisoning Female 66 48 49

Male 49 44 32

Total 115 92 81

Diarrhoea Female 56 58 55

Male 53 45 55

Total 109 103 110

Respiratory diseases (all) Female 2,944 3,026 3,160

Male 2,588 2,682 1,937

Total 5,532 5,708 5,097

Acute bronchitis Female 260 277 311

Male 210 209 186Total 470 486 497

Chronic sinusitis Female 112 115 91

Male 45 45 51

Total 157 160 142

Other Female 2,572 2,634 2,758

Male 2,333 2,428 1,700

Total 4,905 5,062 4,458

TOTAL CASES, all causes Female 3,546 3,485 3,623

Male 3,051 3,062 2,324

Total 6,597 6,547 5,947

Growth rate (%) Female 4 (2) 4

Male (5) 0 (24)

Total (1) (9)

2010-2012 includes inpatient discharges and emergency encounters.

All years were calculated using appropriate ICD-9 codes (International Standard Classifcation o Diseases - 9th Edition)


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Chart 3.1

Growth in Reported Cases o Environmentally Related Diseases by Sex and Total

Chart 3.2

Reported Cases o Environmentally Related Diseases by Cause 2012

Gastroenteritis, 11%

Malaria, 0%

Poisoning, 1%

All Respiratory

Diseases, 86%


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Table3.2

RainfallinInchesandDaysbyMonthofYearandTotal

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Jun.

Jul.

Au

g.

Sep.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Total

2008

Inches

2.85

3.2

8

5.3

7

6.4

5

10.2

1

1.0

7

6.7

6

5.33

3.3

0

5.7

3

1.9

7

3.5

0

55.8

2

Rain

Days

21

12

13

15

17

10

11

16

14

15

14

9

167

2009

Inches

4.02

4.7

2

2.7

4

2.5

4

1.3

1

12.7

0

3.1

0

3.32

6.5

4

8.8

4

3.4

1

2.6

0

55.9

0

Rain

Days

18

15

15

10

9

25

12

10

18

17

15

15

179

2010

Inches

6.00

3.6

0

5.1

3

1.1

1

1.2

1

0.7

0

5.3

0

4.10

9.2

1

4.0

0

1.4

0

4.0

0

46.2

0

Rain

Days

23

20

17

11

8

5

12

17

15

10

16

26

180

2011

Inches

5.19

1.8

7

2.5

1

2.1

3

0.6

2

0.9

7

5.0

2

7.16

3.2

2

5.9

4

3.3

6

2.5

8

40.5

7

Rain

Days

20

12

16

6

16

8

15

24

14

17

19

15

182

2012

Inches

3.88

2.1

3

0.7

9

1.8

7

4.3

6

5.5

0

2.8

9

4.50

9.2

8

5.1

2

6.1

6

2.7

9

49.2

7

Rain

Days

18

13

8

13

10

14

11

17

16

16

23

15

174

Source:TheBermudaWea

therService


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Table3.3

MeanAirTemperature

(0F)

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Jun.

Jul.

Aug.

Sep.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Yearly

Average

2008

MeanDailyMax.

68.3

0

70.5

0

68.2

0

71.9

0

73.1

0

79.8

0

83.4

0

84.6

0

83.9

0

77.7

0

72.7

0

70.5

0

75.4

0

MeanDailyM

in.

59.6

0

63.3

0

60.5

0

64.2

0

65.3

0

72.9

0

75.9

0

76.8

0

77.0

0

69.8

0

64.8

0

64.2

0

67.9

0

MeanDa

ily

64.1

0

66.7

0

64.4

0

67.7

0

69.1

0

75.8

0

79.8

0

80.7

0

80.4

0

73.9

0

69.0

0

67.3

0

71.6

0

2009

MeanDailyMax.

69.1

0

66.3

0

67.6

0

70.6

0

75.9

0

80.5

0

84.4

0

86.1

0

84.0

0

79.7

0

75.2

0

69.6

0

75.8

0

MeanDailyM

in.

60.2

0

57.7

0

60.0

0

62.6

0

68.7

0

72.4

0

77.2

0

78.7

0

76.3

0

72.1

0

68.0

0

62.3

0

68.0

0

MeanDa

ily

65.0

0

62.3

0

63.7

0

66.7

0

71.8

0

76.6

0

80.7

0

82.3

0

80.1

0

76.1

0

71.7

0

66.3

0

72.0

0

2010

MeanDailyMax.

65.9

0

64.7

0

67.2

0

69.8

0

74.5

0

81.3

0

84.5

0

85.6

0

82.7

0

79.3

0

73.3

0

66.5

0

74.6

0

MeanDailyM

in.

57.6

0

56.3

0

59.7

0

62.7

0

67.0

0

72.8

0

76.9

0

78.2

0

75.1

0

72.4

0

66.3

0

57.8

0

66.9

0

MeanDa

ily

62.1

0

60.9

0

63.4

0

65.9

0

70.2

0

76.7

0

80.4

0

81.9

0

79.0

0

75.7

0

69.7

0

63.1

0

70.8

0

2011

MeanDailyMax.

66.7

0

67.3

0

67.8

0

71.3

0

74.7

0

80.4

0

85.0

0

84.9

0

84.1

0

79.6

0

75.2

0

71.2

0

75.6

8

MeanDailyM

in.

58.7

0

58.8

0

59.6

0

64.3

0

67.1

0

72.5

0

76.7

0

77.2

0

77.1

0

72.1

0

68.8

0

63.8

0

68.0

6

MeanDa

ily

62.9

0

63.2

0

63.7

0

67.4

0

70.5

0

76.0

0

80.7

0

81.5

0

80.7

0

76.0

0

71.9

0

67.8

0

71.8

6

2012

MeanDailyMax.

69.1

0

68.5

0

69.9

0

71.2

0

74.0

0

77.9

0

84.5

0

85.9

0

82.9

0

80.3

0

74.7

0

71.3

0

75.8

5

MeanDailyM

in.

60.1

0

60.2

0

61.2

0

62.8

0

67.2

0

70.7

0

77.0

0

78.4

0

75.2

0

73.8

0

67.0

0

62.5

0

68.0

1

MeanDa

ily

65.1

0

64.7

0

65.5

0

66.9

0

70.5

0

74.4

0

80.4

0

82.1

0

79.3

0

77.1

0

71.1

0

67.4

0

72.0

4

Source:TheBermudaWeatherService


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Chart 3.3

Total Number o Inches o Rainall and Rain Days

155

160

165

170

175

180

185

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

RainDays

Inches

Inches Rain Days

Chart 3.4

Mean Daily Maximum, Minimum and Mean Daily Air Temperature

60

64

68

72

76

80

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(0F)

Mean Daily Maximum Mean Daily Minimum Mean Daily


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Table 3.4

Mean Relative Humidity

(%)

Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.Yearly

Average

2008 73 76 69 75 76 80 77 78 76 68 69 70 74

2009 75 67 70 70 75 82 79 74 76 73 75 68 74

2010 70 66 72 71 78 78 75 76 75 70 68 67 72

2011 71 72 74 77 74 75 76 79 78 72 70 69 74

2012 72 70 71 72 77 79 78 74 73 75 72 71 74

Source: The Bermuda Weather Service

Chart 3.5

Yearly Average Relative Humidity

74 74

72

7474

71

71.5

72

72.5

73

73.5

74

74.5

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(%)


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Indicator 30

Proportion o population with sustainable accessto an improved water source

100 %

The percentage o the population who use any o the ollowing types o watersupply or drinking: piped water, public tap, borehole or pump, protectedwell, protected spring or rainwater to the total population, expressed asa percentage. Improved water sources do not include vendor-providedwater, bottled water, tanker trucks or unprotected wells and springs.

Access to sae water reers to the percentage o the population withreasonable access to an adequate supply o sae water in their dwelling orwithin a convenient distance o their dwelling.


Indicator 31

Proportion o population with access to improved sanitation

100 %

The percentage o the population with access to improved excretadisposal. Facilities such as sewers or septic tanks, poor-ush latrines andsimple pit latrines are assumed to be adequate, provided that they are notpublic. To be eective, acilities must be correctly constructed and properlymaintained.


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Section4:NaturalandEnvironmentalDisasters

Hurricanes

Natural and Environmental disasters, although they occur, are very rare in Bermuda. The last major natural disaster wasHurricane Fabian, a category 3 hurricane, which made landall on 5 September 2003. The hurricane resulted in our

deaths and an estimated $300 million in damages across the Island (see Table 4.1).

Fires

The number o fres reported in 2012 ell to 1,777 ater seeing a steady climb during the past our years (see Table 4.2).This represents a decrease o 3.48% over total fres in 2011. The majority o fres (751) were classifed in the othercategory.


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Table 4.1

Natural Disaster

Item 2003

Type o disaster Hurricane

Date started1 September 5th 2003

Total casualties: 4

o which: dead 4

Total population aected2 50,000

Damage ($ million)3 300

Source: Department o Statistics1 Date o the frst call or national assistance.2 Persons in households who lost electricity.3 Estimated value o all damages and economic losses directly related to the occurrence o the hurricane

NOTE TO READER

Natural Disaster: a natural event which overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request or national or internationalassistance, or is recognized as such by a multilateral agency, or by at least two sources, such as national, regional orinternational assistance groups and the media. There are two types: sudden-impact disasters e.g. earthquakes; or thosethat develop gradually, e.g. drought.

Type o disaster: Avalanches, oods, earthquakes, cyclones, torrential rains, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, droughts,landslides, mudslides, fres, blizzards, tsunamis, etc.


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Table 4.2

Incidences o Fires by Type

Year Total Other1 Minor Incidents2 Structure3 Island Fires Vehicle Boat Fires

2008 1,340 514 .. 795 .. 31 ..

2009 1,771 521 381 825 4 35 5

2010 1,788 542 485 729 1 28 3

2011 1,841 786 372 655 0 26 2

2012 1,777 751 412 597 .. 17 ..

Source: Bermuda Fire Services1 Reects the activities o the Crash and Fire Rescue Services in other emergency duties such as Airport Operations Division incidents, oreign object debris checks,

hot reuel, aircrat standby, etc.2 From 2006 there was a dierent reporting system by the Bermuda Fire Service which now categorizes brush, trash, gas cylinder leaks, etc. as minor incidents.3 Includes alse alarms.

Chart 4.1

Total Incidences o Fire

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Number

ofFires


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Section5:Energy,MineralsandTransport

The section on Energy, Minerals and Transportcomprises inormation on the types o uels imported to Bermuda suchas, gasoline, diesel and propane. It also contains data on electricity consumption by type o consumer and the types ovehicles operating on Bermudas roads.

Fuels

In 2012, the value o petroleum oils and oils rom bituminous mineral, other than crude imported into Bermuda was$96.6 million, an increase o 12.85 per cent rom the total value imported in 2011 (see Table 5.1).

Mineral Fuels

O the other types o mineral uels and oils imported to Bermuda, petroleum oils and gases were the most consumedwith a combined import value o $98 million in 2012 (see Table 5.2).

Electricity

The volume o electricity consumption in 2012 was just over 606 million kilowatt-hours (kWh), 4.74% lower than the637 million kWh consumed in 2011. The commercial sector accounted or over hal (307 million kWh) o all electricity

consumed in Bermuda (see Table 5.3).

Transport

Bermudas unique trafc laws permit drivers to have only one car per dwelling unit. In 2012, there were 47,367registered road vehicles on Bermudas roads, with private cars accounting or almost hal (46.00%) o this total.Motorcycles accounted or 31.43 per cent or 14,887 vehicles (see Table 5.6).


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Table 5.1

Value o Imported Fuel1 by Type

Type 2009r 2010r 2011r 2012

Value ($) Value ($) Value ($) Value ($)

Light oils & preparations (i.e. motor spirits) 19,964,134 19,085,734 19,064,278 11,703,867

Gas oils (diesel) 6,836,057 12,975,113 8,400,691 6,307,623

Gas oils (heavy atmospheric) 1,553 388 152,006 8,170,259

Kerosene & other medium oils 4,316,467 712,494 6,398,003 6,485,207

(not including gas oils)

Fuel oils not elsewhere specifed 61,324,540 56,420,291 47,620,445 60,161,139

Other lubricating oils & greases, etc. 5,461,269 3,931,518 3,893,602 3,676,570

Other waste oils 579,559 503,130 110,435 130,544

Total 98,483,580 93,628,668 85,639,459 96,635,208

Source: Department o Statistics1 Petroleum oils and oils obtained rom bituminous minerals, other than crude.


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Table 5.2

Value o Imported Mineral Fuels, Mineral Oils and Related Products Consumed by Type

2009 2010 2011 2012

Type ($) ($) ($) ($)

Coal, briquettes 22,938 31,638 20,949 9,552

Lignite 71 203 1,648 540

Peat 100,961 102,642 70,076 65,675

Coke and semi coke 107,963 108,648 107,284 72,643

Coal gas, water gas 615 222 589 750

Tar distilled 8,343 3,608 4,198 1,032

Oils and other products 27,202 8,037 10,401 323

Pitch and pitch coke 19,775 1,151 3,578 -

Petroleum oils 11 324 193 -

Petroleum oils other than crude 109,655,112 93,628,668 73,428,750 96,635,208Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons 2,305,416 3,140,447 2,932,380 1,614,583

Petroleum jelly 178,059 128,999 43,886 37,887

Petroleum coke 47,773 3,846 15,105 1,588

Other bitumen and asphalt 18,886 2,868 25,923 1,061

Bituminous mixtures 654,786 607,499 514,230 612,298

Electrical energy 2,201 .. 2,212 42,703

113,150,112 97,768,800 77,181,402 99,095,843


Table 5.3

Electricity Consumption by Type o Consumer

Year Per Capita Electricity Consumption Total Type

(kWh) (000 kWh) Residential Commercial Other 1

(000 kWh) (000 kWh) (000 kWh)

2008 10,045 644,954 268,563 319,018 57,373

2009 10,188 656,083 271,682 326,728 57,673

2010 10,076 650,571 276,824 320,527 53,220

2011 9,835 636,517 265,243 316,356 54,918

2012 9,348 606,346 249,749 307,269 49,328

Source: Bermuda Electric Light Company Ltd.1 Includes street lighting paid by Parish Councils and sales to Government or ofces, distillation plant, etc.2 Starting in 1995, commercial and total amount o electricity consumed fgures are inclusive o the baselands.


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Table 5.4

Growth in Electricity Consumption by Type o Consumer Percentage Change at Annual Rate

Year

Growth

Total Electricity

Consumption

Type

Residential

%

Commercial

%

Other

%

2008 0.20 -2.60 -0.10 17.40

2009 1.70 1.20 2.40 0.50

2010 -0.80 1.80 -1.80 -7.70

2011 -2.20 -4.20 -1.30 3.20

2012 -4.70 -5.80 -2.90 -10.10

Chart 5.1

Growth in Electricity Consumption by Type o Consumer and Total Consumption

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(%)

Total Residential Commercial Other

Table 5.5

Percent o Total Electricity Consumption by Type o Consumer

Year Total

Type

Residential

%

Commercial

%

Other

%

2008 100 41.60 49.50 8.90

2009 100 41.40 49.70 8.70

2010 100 42.50 49.20 8.10

2011 100 41.70 49.70 8.60

2012 100 41.20 50.70 8.10

Percentages may not sum to totals due to rounding.


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Table 5.6

Registered Road Vehicles

Type 2008 2009 2010 r 2011 2012

Private cars 22,730 22,626 22,315 21,991 21,707

Buses, taxis & limousines 759 776 720 767 764

Trucks & tank wagons 4,196 4,026 4,287 3,870 3,746

General haulage 47 53 43 313 321

Agriculture 19 23 23 22 26

Ambulances & fre engines 39 48 48 46 41

Construction vehicles 103 81 77 52 72

Forces vehicles 43 34 36 33 36

Tractors & trailers 460 434 334 406 393

Auxiliary cycles1 4,611 4,407 5,586 5,232 4,754

Motor cycles & scooters 15,089 15,514 15,317 15,163 14,887

Other2 182 207 622 519 455

Government private (GP)vehicles3

105 127 176 167 165

Total 48,571 48,356 49,584 48,581 47,367

Source: Transport Control Department1 Includes livery cycles2 Increase is due to the inclusion o categories such as, community service vehicles, instructional vehicles, doctors cars, loaner vehicles, classic cars, garbage

trucks, sporting association, etc.3 Includes cars, classes A-G and minibuses. Excludes class H.rRevision has been made to previous year

Chart 5.2

Growth in Registered Road Vehicles

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(%)


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Section6:Agriculture

The Agriculture section includes tables, charts and inormation on the use o ertilizers and pesticides in Bermuda.

Fertilizers and Pesticides

In 2012, the aggregate value o ertilizers imported into Bermuda totaled $716,493 representing a decrease o 13.05%rom the previous year (see Table 6.1). The total value o pesticides imported in 2012 stood at $1,818,202 representinga major increase o 21.00% compared to 2011 (see Table 6.2)


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Table 6.1

Use o Fertilizers by Type

Category 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Animal/Vegetable ertilizers 200,729 237,853 231,180 284,041 267,024

Nitrogenous ertilizers 140,439 99,614 119,543 182,686 105,071

Phosphate ertilizers 75,870 13,169 63,854 249 29

Potash ertilizers 40,551 13,778 4,128 3,516 116

Other erti lizers 529,918 488,135 389,117 353,556 344,253

Total 987,507 852,549 807,822 824,048 716,493

Growth rate (%) 40.00 -13.70 -5.20 2.00 -13.05


Data on quantities imported are not available.

Table 6.2

Use o Pesticides by Type

Category 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Insecticidesa 250,914 612,986 744,680 815,541 801,569

Herbicides 150,772 227,217 148,754 146,616 238,032

Fungicides, bactericides and seed treatmentsc 62,677 78,906 126,015 163,484 111,941

Disinectants 40,027 187,463 262,917 228,717 431,708

Others (including mineral oils) 999,235 529,456 382,246 148,722 234,952

Total 1,503,625 1,636,028 1,664,612 1,503,080 1,818,202

Growth rate (%) 4.00 8.80 1.70 -9.70 20.96


Data on quantities imported are not available.

According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAQ), the ollowing should be included in the above:

a: Include chlorinated hydrocarbons, organo-phosphates, carbonates-insecticides, pyrethroids, botanical products and biological, and others.

b: Include phenoxy hormone products, triazines, amides, carbonates-herbicides, dinitroanilines, urea derivates, sulonyl urea, bipiridils, uracil, and others.

c: Include inorganic, dithiocarbamates, benzimidazoles, triazoles, diazoles, diazines, morpholines, and others.


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Chart 6.1

Growth in Use o Fertilizers and Pesticides

40.0

(13.7)

(5.2)

2.0

(13.1)

4.0

8.8

1.7

(9.7)

21.0

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(%)

Fertilizers Pesticides


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Section7:LandUse

The Land Use section includes tables and charts pertaining to land usage in Bermuda. The data in this section wascollected in 2001 by the Department o Planning and has not been updated since then.

Land Use

In 2001, residential properties occupied 45.1 per cent o all land in Bermuda, covering roughly 5,984 acres o land.Nearly 4,417 acres were dedicated to open space land use, which comprises gol courses, nature reserves, otherrecreation and rural areas. This represented about 33.3 per cent o Bermudas land. Land used or commercial purposes(such as retail and ofce space) accounted or nearly 1.7 per cent o all occupied land space in Bermuda (see Table7.1).

A comparison o land use by parish showed that St. Georges holds the largest share o land with 2,162.70 acres. O thistotal, one-third covered open space. The parish o St. George is known or its gol courses, nature reserves, recreationaland other rural open spaces. In contrast, the City o Hamilton occupies the least amount o land in Bermuda (176.34acres), with less than 4.49 per cent deemed open space (see Table 7.2.2). This is reected in the largeconcentrationo commercial, institution and utility activity located within the City limits (see Table 7.2.1) Map 7.1 displays the landusage by category in Bermuda.


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Table 7.1

Land Use as o 2001

Main Use Sub-Category Total Area (Acres) Percentage Distribution

Commercial Mixed-use 36.45 0.30

Ofce 63.03 0.50

Retail 126.16 1.00Total 225.64 1.70

Industrial General 200.42 1.50

Light industrial 64.37 0.50

Quarry 56.81 0.40

Total 321.61 2.40

Institutional Education 254.2 1.90

Government 63.97 0.50

Hospital 30.32 0.20

Police 59.07 0.40

Prison 16.76 0.10

Religious 87.48 0.70Social 12.24 0.10

Total 524.03 3.90

Open space Gol courses 808.77 6.10

Nature reserve 1,258.08 9.50

Other 946.23 7.10

Recreation 240.92 1.80

Rural 1,162.82 8.80

Total 4,416.82 33.30

Residential Condos 162.25 1.20

Housing 5,799.45 43.70

Institutional 22.18 0.20

Total 5,983.89 45.10

Tourism Cottage colonies 204.68 1.50

Hotels 127.61 1.00

Total 332.29 2.50

Utilities Airport 548.42 4.10

Docks 36.82 0.30

BELCO 37.95 0.30

Transport 44.04 0.30

Waste 67.07 0.50

Total 734.29 5.50

Vacant Vacant buildings 119.9 0.90

Vacant land 610.27 4.60

Total 730.17 5.50

Total 13,268.74 100.00

Source: Department o Planning, Land Use Survey 2001

The 2001 Land Use Survey was based on the 1997 digital survey o the islands, whose coastline was probably taken at the high water mark hence the discrepancy in

total area which now stands at 13,430.39 acres (low tide mark) in 2007 as a result o the more accurate 2003 Topographic Mapping Database.


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Map7.1

LandUseSurvey

Asof2001


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44

Table7.2.1

LandUsebyParish,City

andTownInAcres,asof2001

MainUse/

Sub-Category

TheCityof

Hamilton

Devon-

shire

Hamilton

Paget

Pembroke

SandysSt.George

s

Smiths

Southampton

TheT

ownof

St.G

eorge

Warwick

Commercial

6

6.79

10.82

11.01

16.3

9

27.16

26.95

32.5

0

2.92

10.16

11.05

9.89

Mixed-use

3

2.1

8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.2

7

-

Ofce

1

6.9

3

4.1

9

-

6.5

7

15.1

1

-

18.9

6

-

-

0.4

5

0.8

3

Retail

1

7.6

8

6.6

3

11.0

1

9.8

2

12.0

5

26.9

5

13.5

4

2.9

2

10.1

6

6.3

3

9.0

6

Industrial

1

2.34

18.85

47.45

4.1

2

55.59

13.91

99.5

5

21.10

21.79

8.91

18.00

General

5.9

6

11.3

4

11.4

9

0.7

4

52.9

4

13.9

1

66.5

9

9.4

6

18.9

1

1.3

0

7.7

8

Lightindustrial

6.3

8

7.5

1

-

3.3

8

2.6

5

-

32.9

6

-

2.8

8

7.6

2

1.0

0

Quarry

-

-

35.9

6

-

-

-

-

11.6

3

-

-

9.2

2

Institutional

3

0.65

72.62

12.95

66.4

3

96.85

60.58

48.0

8

15.81

30.66

34.29

55.10

Education

4.3

5

35.9

6

8.8

9

27.9

3

47.7

8

25.2

8

27.3

0

11.2

9

16.9

6

20.4

2

28.0

4

Government

1

2.5

4

11.0

3

-

8.8

7

25.4

9

1.1

5

1.4

8

-

-

2.9

4

0.4

7

Hospital

0.5

1

11.2

6

-

14.7

4

0.6

2

3.1

8

-

-

-

-

-

Police

1.1

4

9.3

3

-

-

1.3

0

15.4

3

15.4

7

-

6.8

3

0.5

4

9.0

2

Prison

5.2

5

-

-

4.5

9

2.8

1

-

1.5

3

-

-

-

2.5

7

Religious

6.5

8

5.0

4

4.0

6

10.3

0

15.6

7

11.8

5

2.3

1

4.5

2

6.8

7

10.0

0

10.2

8

Social

0.2

8

-

-

-

3.1

8

3.6

8

-

-

-

0.3

9

4.7

1

Utilities

2

6.88

23.83

11.43

-

23.77

20.35

606.2

1

6.71

5.07

9.81

0.22

Airport

-

-

-

-

-

-

548.4

2

-

-

-

-

Docks

1

0.2

8

0.3

6

-

-

0.2

9

15.0

8

6.5

4

-

0.3

3

3.7

0

0.2

2

BELCO

0.4

6

4.3

7

-

-

20.3

2

0.1

2

4.1

0

6.7

1

1.4

3

0.4

4

-

Transport

1

6.1

4

4.9

7

0.5

8

-

3.1

6

2.4

8

10.1

8

-

3.3

1

3.2

2

-

Waste

-

14.1

3

10.8

4

-

-

2.6

7

36.9

8

-

-

2.4

4

-

Source:DepartmentoPlanning,

LandUseSurvey2001

The2001LandUseSurveywasbas

edonthe1997digitalsurveyotheislands,whose

coastlinewasprobablytakenatthehighwatermarkhencethediscrepancyintotalareawhichnowstandsat13,4

30.3

9

acres(lowtidemark)in2007asaresultothemoreaccurate2003TopographicMappingDatabase.


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45

Table7.2.2

LandUsebyParish,City

andTownInAcres,asof2001

MainUse/

Sub-Category

TheCity

of

Hamilton

Devon-

shire

Hamilton

Page

t

Pembroke

SandysSt.Georges

Smiths

Southampton

TheTownof

St.G

eorge

Warwick

Residential

2

7.40

562.37

585.43

803.56

758.13

669.53

450.30

709.70

610.69

98.99

707.79

Condos

-

27.9

9

15.3

4

21.8

1

11.8

6

20.3

9

6.1

2

10.5

8

24.6

4

2.7

0

20.8

1

Housing

2

5.7

3

527.1

6

570.0

9

779.9

8

742.7

9

645.4

2

444.1

8

696.0

2

586.0

5

95.8

9

686.1

5

Institutional

1.6

7

7.2

2

-

1.7

6

3.4

7

3.7

2

-

3.1

0

-

0.4

1

0.8

3

Tourism

-

14.17

18.68

112.14

15.72

44.70

3.95

15.29

88.74

10.16

8.74

Cottagecolonies

-

14.1

7

18.6

8

62.3

6

3.0

3

44.7

0

3.9

5

15.2

9

23.5

9

10.1

6

8.7

4

Hotels

-

-

-

49.7

8

12.6

8

-

-

-

65.1

5

0.0

0

-

Openspace

7.91

499.31

611.26

296.83

132.29

383.01

715.60

432.66

614.39

138.74

584.83

Golcourses

-

76.6

4

127.6

9

10.8

2

-

5.3

5

139.5

0

-

198.0

5

79.7

2

171.0

1

Naturereserve

6.4

4

163.7

1

156.1

5

70.3

3

73.9

9

107.8

3

296.4

3

106.0

0

104.3

2

8.3

9

164.5

0

Other

1.4

8

56.9

6

167.8

9

59.2

5

25.3

8

123.9

9

218.8

5

75.2

7

121.6

8

30.2

1

65.2

9

Recreation

-

35.3

7

9.1

1

4.2

3

27.2

7

33.9

2

35.9

7

24.8

3

16.8

5

-

53.3

7

Rural

-

166.6

3

150.4

2

152.2

0

5.6

5

111.9

3

24.8

6

226.5

6

173.4

9

20.4

3

130.6

6

Vacant

4.36

19.46

13.98

3.48

60.75

219.39

206.52

12.15

130.19

29.05

30.84

Vacantbuildings

0.7

4

-

13.9

8

3.1

1

0.2

7

22.3

1

51.1

6

-

-

18.7

9

9.5

4

Vacantland

3.6

2

19.4

6

-

0.3

7

60.4

7

197.0

9

155.3

6

12.1

5

130.1

9

10.2

6

21.3

0

Total

17

6.341,221.43

1,312.18

1,302.95

1,170.241,438.43

2,162.70

1,216.35

1,511.69

341.00

1,415.42

Source:DepartmentoPlanning,

LandUseSurvey2001

The2001LandUseSurveywasbas

edonthe1997digitalsurveyotheislands,whose

coastlinewasprobablytakenatthehighwatermarkhencethediscrepancyintotalareawhichnowstandsat13,4

30.3

9acres

(lowtidemark)in2007asaresultothemoreaccurate2003TopographicMappingDatabase.


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Section8:CoastalandMarineResources

Bermudas coastal and marine resources are valued entities to its inhabitants. This is primarily because a large percentageo the population lives on coastal land and use Bermudas waterways or transport or commercial fshing.

This section includes inormation on various marine areas by name, locations, activities permitted in these areas and the

date they were established in Bermuda. It also provides inormation about Bermudas fshing industry.

Marine Protected Areas by Category and Area

In 2012, the total marine area o Bermuda was 4,236.11 km2, o which 6.96% or 294.74 km2 was classifed asprotected marine area (see Table 8.1 and Chart 8.1). There are 29 protected dive sites located in Bermuda coveringan area o 13.70 km2. A total o 12 marine parks are established in Bermuda covering an area o 1.858 km2, twoseasonal fsheries protected areas that measure 153.36 km2 and two coral ree preserves, (one each on the north andsouth shores) which occupy a total o 131.07 km2 (see Table 8.2).

Tables 8.3.1 and 8.3.2 list the various marine protected areas around Bermuda by the year they were established,whether anchoring or scuba diving is permitted and limitations with respect to fshing and extraction o plants and animalspecies.Map 8.1 displays the outline o Bermudas terrestrial area and identifes the protected seasonal fsheries areas, protectedcoral rees and protected dive sites.

Fisheries

The total quantity o fsh landings by species rom the years 2008 to 2012 are shown in Table 8.4. In 2012, the totalcatch was 463.30 metric tons (mT) with the tuna and pelagic species by ar the most popular catch at 187.89mT. In2012, a total o 356 registered fshermen in Bermuda spent 85,729 hours at sea (see Table 8.5).


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Chart 8.1

Protected Marine Area as a Percentage o Total Marine Area 2012

ProtectedMarine Area

6.96%

Table 8.1

Total and Protected Marine Area

Indicator 2012

Total area (km2) 4,290.46

Total marine area (km2) 4,236.11

Protected marine area (km2) 294.74

Protected marine area as a % o total marine area 6.96

Protected marine area as a % o total area 6.87

Source: Department o Planning


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Table 8.2

Marine Protected Areas By Category And Area 2012

Marine Protected AreasArea

(km2)Marine Protected Areas

Area

(km2)

Coral Ree Preserves Protected Dive Sites

North Shore Coral Ree Preserve 126.25 North Rock 3.14

South Shore Coral Ree Preserve 4.82 SW Breaker 1.13

Subtotal 131.07 Eastern Blue Cut 1.13

Pelinaion 0.79

Fisheries Seasonal Protected Areas Hermes 0.79

North Eastern Area 38.67 Constellation 0.79

South Western Area 114.69 Cristobal Colon 0.28

Subtotal 153.36 NE Breaker 0.28

Taunton 0.28

Marine Parks Aristo 0.28

Somerset Long Bay Marine Park 0.008 Mills Breaker 0.28

Church Bay Marine Park 0.034 Cathedral 0.28

Johns Smiths Bay Marine Park 0.079 Kate 0.28

Shelly Bay Marine Park 0.016 Tarpon Hole 0.28

South Shore Marine Park 0.368 Marie Celeste 0.28

Castle Island Marine Park 0.688 North Carolina 0.28

Astwood Bay Marine Park 0.023 Airplane 0.28

Walsingham Marine Park 0.216 Blanche King 0.28

Daniels Head Marine Park 0.011 Darlington 0.28

Coopers Island Marine Park 0.279 LHerminie 0.28

Tobacco Bay Marine Park 0.076 Lartington 0.28Spittal Pond Marine Park 0.062 Montana 0.28

Subtotal 1.858 Snake Pit 0.28

Hog Breaker 0.28

Caraquet 0.28

Madiana 0.28

Commissioners Point 0.13

Xing Da 0.13

Vixen 0.03

Subtotal 13.70

Marine Protected AreasArea

(km2)

Merged marine protected areas(no overlaps)1

294.74

Territorial area (net)2 4,236.11

Source: Department o Planning1 Total marine protected area does not equal to the sum o the sub-totals as it excludes any overlapping areas (5.26 km2) to avoid double counting.2 Territorial area (net) means total water area and does not include the land area o 54.35 km2.


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Table 8.3.1

Marine Protected Areas Around Bermuda

Marine Protected Area/

No-Take Reserve

Year

Established

Anchoring

Permitted?

Scuba Diving

Permitted?

No-Take Reserve?

North Shore Coral ReePreserve

1966 Yes Yes Line fshing is permitted throughout thisPreserve, as is lobster diving and spearfshing provided they are within the limitso the prevailing fsheries regulations. Itis an oence to remove, damage or be inpossession o plants or animals, whetherdead or alive, which are attached to thecoast, the seabed or any ree in thispreserve.

South Shore Coral ReePreserve

1966 Yes Yes Line fshing is permitted throughout thisPreserve, as is lobster diving and spear

fshing provided they are within the limitso the prevailing fsheries regulations. Itis an oence to remove, damage or be inpossession o plants or animals, whetherdead or alive, which are attached to thecoast, the seabed or any ree in thispreserve.

Vixen (Wreck) 1973 No Yes Yes

The Eastern Area Establishedin 1974 butin 1990 thearea was

expanded tothe currentsize.

Yes Yes Seasonally protected area, no fshingrom 1 May to 31 August. First act(1974) stated no fshing between 1May and 15 August. This was amended

in 1975 to 24 May and 15 August, in1976 it was amended to 1 May-15August, in 1990 it was amended to 1May and 30 September and fnally in1993 it was amended to 1 May and31 August. Trolling or pelagic speciesis permitted seaward o the 30 athomdepth contour and shore fshing is alsopermitted.

The South Western Area Establishedin 1974 butin 1990 the

area wasexpanded tothe currentsize.

Yes Yes Seasonally protected area, no fshingrom 1 May to 31 August. First act(1974) stated no fshing between 1

May and 15 August. This was amendedin 1975 to 24 May and 15 August, in1976 it was amended to 1 May and15 August, in 1990 it was amended to1 May and 30 September and fnallyin 1993 it was amended to 1 May and31 August. Trolling or pelagic speciesis permitted seaward o the 30 athomdepth contour and shore fshing is alsopermitted.


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Table 8.3.2

Marine Protected Areas Around Bermuda

Marine Protected Area/

No-Take Reserve

Year

Established

Anchoring

Permitted?

Scuba Diving

Permitted?No-Take Reserve?

Constellation (Wreck) 1988 No Yes Yes

South West Breaker Area 1988 No Yes Yes

Eastern Blue Cut 1989 No Yes Yes

Pelinaion and Rita Zovetta (Wrecks) 1989 No Yes Yes

Kate (Wreck) 1989 No Yes Yes

Hermes and Minnie Bressleur

(Wrecks)1989 No Yes Yes

North Rock 1990 No Yes Yes

The North Eastern Area

1990

It was merged

in 2005 with

the Eastern

Area and

redesigned.

Yes Yes

Seasonally protected area, no fshing

rom 1 May to 31 August. Initially

there was no fshing between 1 May

and 30 September, but in 1993

this was amended to 1 May and 31

August. Trolling or pelagic species is

permitted seaward o the 30 athom

depth contour and shore fshing is

also permitted.

Walsingham Marine Reserve 1991 No Yes Yes

Commissioners Pt. Area 1996 No Yes Yes

Xing Da (Wreck) 1997 No Yes Yes

Cristobal Colon (Wreck) 2000 No Yes YesNorth East Breaker 2000 No Yes Yes

Taunton (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

Aristo (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

Mills Breaker 2000 No Yes Yes

The Cathedral 2000 No Yes Yes

Tarpon Hole 2000 No Yes Yes

Marie Celeste (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

North Carolina (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

Airplane (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

Blanche King (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

Darlington (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

LHerminie (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

Lartington (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

Montana (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

Snake Pit 2000 No Yes Yes

Hog Breaker 2000 No Yes Yes

Caraquet (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

Madiana (Wreck) 2000 No Yes Yes

Source: Department o Environmental Protection


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Table 8.4

Quantity o Fish Landings by Type

(mT)

Species Group 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Groupers 53.47 48.45 44.64 44.47 74.09

Jacks and related species 48.86 49.93 55.70 49.28 77.04

Snappers 36.69 32.46 30.55 33.52 39.13

Tuna and pelagics 162.72 178.36 158.38 239.73 187.89

Sharks 20.05 5.44 4.58 5.71 6.40

Miscellaneous 6.55 30.50 30.19 28.63 36.91

Total 328.34 345.14 324.04 401.34 421.46

Bait 35.75 36.72 25.78 35.97 41.84

Total including bait 364.09 381.86 349.82 437.31 463.30

Shellfsh1 36.89 42.31 41.55 45.26 46.58

Including bait & lobsters 400.98 424.17 391.37 482.57 509.88

Growth rate (%) -4.90 5.80 -7.70 24.05 5.70

Source: Department o Environmental Protection, Marine Resources Division1 Shellfsh includes spiny lobster. Size o fsh is not measured.

Totals may not sum due to rounding.

Table 8.5

Total Catch by Hours at Sea, Average Catch o Fishing Area, and Number o Registered Fishermen

Indicators 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Total catch1 (mT) 400.98 424.17 391.37 437.47 463.30

Average catch o fshing area2 (mT per km2) 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11

Total hours at sea 67,563 70,546 68,528 83,616 85,729

Growth rate (%) -4.30 3.70 -2.20 22.02 2.50

Hours at sea per vessel 466 446 387 475 429

Registered fshermen 306 306 305 305 356

Growth rate (%) -7.60 .. -0.30 .. 16.70

Source: Department o Environmental Protection, Marine Resources DivisionNotes:1Total catch include fsh landings in addition to bait and lobster catches.2Total fshing area is estimated as 4236.11 km2 (Department o Planning, see 8.1). Fishing area includes the fsheries seasonal protected areas (153.36 km2)

which are closed between May 1st and August 31st.

Computation: Average catch o fshing area = Total catch (mT) / Total estimated fshing area o 4236.11 km2


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Chart 8.2

Growth in Total Catch and Total Hours at Sea

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(%)

Total Catch (mT)

Total Hours at Sea

Chart 8.3

Number o Registered Fishermen

306 306 305 305

356

250

275

300

325

350

375

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012


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Table 8.6

Number o Households and Population o Coastal Areas

Census Years

Indicators 1980 1990 2000 2010

Number o households in coastal areas 18,449 22,430 25,148 26,923

Ten-year growth rate (%) .. 21.60 12.10 7.10

Population in coastal areas 54,050 58,460 62,059 64,2371

Ten-year growth rate (%) .. 8.20 6.20 3.50

Source: 2010 Census o Population and Housing

Bermuda measures 1 mile at its widest point. Based on the standard defnition

o coastal area, the entire island will be considered coastal.1 Does not include the non-sheltered and institutionalized populations

Chart 8.4

Number o Registered Fishermen

1844922430

2514826923

5405058460

6205964237

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1980 1990 2000 2010

Coastal Households Coastal Population


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57

Section9:Biodiversity

Biodiversity reers to the number and variety o species o plant and animal lie within a particular ecosystem. It alsoencompasses variation in the genetic makeup o each species and the dierent ecosystems that they orm. Biodiversityhas direct consumptive value in ood, agriculture, medicine and industry and has aesthetic and recreational value.This section contains inormation on the protected land areas in Bermuda such as protected coastal reserves, protected

open space, historical cave areas and parks.

Protected Area: Land and Water

In 2012, Bermudas total protected area inclusive o land and water was 319.66 square kilometers (km2). Thisrepresented almost 8 per cent o the total area (7% water and 1% land) (see Table 9.1).

As a proportion o the total land area (54.35km2), protected land area represented 45.84 per cent or 24.92 km2 whileprotected water areas represented 6.96 per cent or 294.74 km2 o total water area (see Table 9.1).

A breakdown o protected land area shows that conservation base zones (open space, waste reserves, nature reservesand parks) totalled 19.28 km2. Conservation areas (agriculture and woodland reserves) accounted or 7.19 km2, caveprotection areas occupied 4.48 km2 and historical protected areas less than 1 km2 (see Table 9.2).

Map 9.1 displays the terrestrial protected areas including marine parks by category acrossBermuda


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58

Table 9.1

Protected Area

Category 2012

Total area (km2) 4,290.46

Total land area (low tide mark) (km2) 54.35

Total water area (km2) 4,236.11

Prot

2013 environmental statistics compendium.pdf

Documents