Syarifah Aqla (221 13 011)

Syarifah Aqla (221 13 011)

1. Sebuah pengukuran detonation pressure dengan aquarium test, dengan melakukan peledakan pada sebuah wadah yang telah di isi air, dan kemudian sebuah photograph akan menangkap ledakan yang terjadi (shock velocity and particle velocity).

Dimana:DP : detonation pressure (kbar) : density (g/cc)VOD : velocity of detonation (ft/sec)Pv : explosive particle velocity (in. / sec)

2. Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) pressure, dimana PCJ : detonation pressure, : density dari explosive, : ratio heats dari detonation, : detonation velocity.

3. Maximum detonation pressure of an explosive

xi : adjustable parameter SSPi : parameter dari specific structural.

4. Chapman-Jouguet detonation pressure equation

Dimana :

5. Detonation pressure approximation

Dimana:P : the detonation pressure (dalam kilobar, 1 kilobar = 14.504 psi)Sge : the specific gravity of the explosiveVe : the detonation velocity in ft per second6. Explosion Pressure Calculation

Dimana: : explosion pressure : total moles of gaseous product per kilogram = : gas constant, 8.314 nt-meter/mole K : specific volume of explosive gases, liter/kg : co-volume factor, liter/kg

7. Explosion Pressure

Dimana : Pe : explosion pressure Pd : detonation pressure

8. Dinamic PressureDinamic pressure terjadi selama blast loading dari struktur ketika fungsi dari waktu pressure berakhir,

: peak dinamic pressure (kPa) : peak side-on pressure (kPa) : Ambient pressure (kPa)

Reflected Pressure

Dimana : : peak reflected pressure (kPa) : peak side-on pressure (kPa) : Ambient pressure (kPa)

Denotation Pressure = 2.5 . . (D/0.0000001)

: Denotation pressure (GPa): Velocity of detonation of explosive (m/s)D : Density (g/

9. Radial strain and explosive energy for concentrated charge

Dimana: : scaled distance, Pm : explosion pressure, : explosion density, c : wave velocity, dan : strain wave

10. Empirical formula for predicting detonation pressure for mixed explosives. Sebuah tekanan detonasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh density load dari peledak, ............................ (1)Dimana P : tekanan dari detonasi dalam keadaan density load, : maximum detonation pressure. ............................ (2)DimanaPmax : detonation pressure untuk mixed explosives, : theoritical detonation pressure for species i in the meixtures, : volume fraction of the species. Dari kedua persamaan (1) dan (2) dapat diperoleh:

Persamaan diatas merupakan persamaan empiris yang digunakan untuk melakukan prediksi terhadap tekanan dari mixed explosives.

Refference1. Burchell, H.J., 1987, Explosives and Rock Blasting, Atlas Powder Company, Texas2. Cooper, P.W., 1996, Explosives Engineering, Wiley-VCH, New York. 3. Keshavarz, M.H., 2006, Theoretocal Prediction of Detonation Pressure of CHNO High Energy Material, Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences Vol. 14, pp 77-80. 4. Keshavarz, M.H., and Pouretedal, H.R., 2006, Calculation of Detonation Pressure of Condensed CHNOF Explosives, Journal of the Chinese Institute of EngineersVol 29, pp 145-151.5. Konya, C.J., and Walter, E.J., 1990, Surface Blast Design, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff, New Jersey.6. LuleA, 1983, First International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Symposie Publication no. 1, Sweden. 7. Saharan, M.R., Mitri, H.S., and Jethwa, J.L., 2006, Rock Fracturing by Explosive Energy: Review of State-of-the-art, International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation Vol. 10 (1-2), pp 61-81.8. The International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, 2013, International Ammunition Technical Guideline, USA 9. Zagreba, S.V., 2003, Fragm: A Blasting Fragmentation Model of Rocks, Master of Science in Mining Engineering, Morgantown, West Virginia. Thesis10. Zhang, Q., and Chang, Y., 2012, Prediction of Detonation Pressure and Velocity of Explosives with Micrometer Aluminum Powders, Journal of Energetic Materials Vol 9, Beijing. Pp 77-86

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