2014 environmental science written examination 2

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEWritten examination

Monday 10 November 2014 Reading time: 11.45 am to 12.00 noon (15 minutes) Writing time: 12.00 noon to 2.00 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of bookSection Number of

questionsNumber of questions

to be answeredNumber of

marks

A 30 30 30B 6 6 90

Total 120

• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpeners,rulersandonescientificcalculator.

• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orwhiteoutliquid/tape.

Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof24 pages.• Answersheetformultiple-choicequestions.Instructions• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• Checkthatyourname andstudent numberasprintedonyouranswersheetformultiple-choice

questionsarecorrect,andsignyournameinthespaceprovidedtoverifythis.

• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.At the end of the examination• Placetheanswersheetformultiple-choicequestionsinsidethefrontcoverofthisbook.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2014

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education 2014

STUDENT NUMBER

Letter

2014ENVSCEXAM 2

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SECTION A–continued

Question 1Whichoneofthefollowingcanbedescribedasanon-renewable,non-fossilfuelenergysource?A. oilB. biomassC. uraniumD. naturalgas

Use the following information to answer Questions 2–7.Emilylivesonafarm.Shehastwooptionsforasourceofelectricity:connectingtoanearbyhydro-electricpowerplantorusingsolarpanels.Shedecidestousesolarpanels.Thepowerreceivedfromthesunisanaverageof 0.5kWpersquaremetrewhenthesunisshining.Sheplaces10solarpanelsonherroof.Eachpanelis1.0m2.

Question 2Whichoneofthefollowingbestindicatesthepowerintothesolarpanelsystemwhenthesunisshining?A. 0.5kWB. 1.0kWC. 5.0kWD. 50kW

Question 3Onacloudyday,thetotalinputtothesolarpanelsystemfromthesunis0.75kW.Emilymeasurestheoutputfromthesystemas0.15kW.Whichoneofthefollowingbestgivesthepercentageefficiencyofthesystem?A. 15%B. 20%C. 50%D. 75%

SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions

Instructions for Section AAnswerallquestionsinpencilontheanswersheetprovidedformultiple-choicequestions.Choosetheresponsethatiscorrectorthatbest answersthequestion.Acorrectanswerscores1,anincorrectanswerscores0.Markswillnotbedeductedforincorrectanswers.Nomarkswillbegivenifmorethanoneansweriscompletedforanyquestion.

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SECTION A–continuedTURN OVER

Question 4ThesolarpanelsystemprovidestoolittlepowerforEmily’sneeds,sosheconnectstothenewlyconstructedlocalhydro-electricpowerplant,basedonalargedamnearby.Whichoneofthefollowingdescribestheoverallenergyconversioninvolvedinahydro-electricpowerplant?A. heatenergytoelectricalenergyB. electricalenergytokineticenergyC. chemicalenergytoelectricalenergyD. gravitationalpotentialenergytoelectricalenergy

Question 5Rogerclaimsthatthehydro-electricpowerplantisnotasenvironmentallyfriendlywithrespecttoglobalwarmingasthesolarpanels.OnemajorreasonforthisclaimisthatA. theheatfromthegeneratorswarmstheatmosphere.B. carbondioxideevaporatesfromthewaterinthedam.C. thehydro-electricpowerplantemitslargequantitiesofagreenhousegas.D. theremovaloftreestoconstructthedamresultsinfewercarbondioxidesinks.

Question 6Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribesahydro-electricpowerplant?A. arenewablefossilenergysourceB. anon-renewablefossilenergysourceC. arenewablenon-fossilenergysourceD. anon-renewablenon-fossilenergysource

Question 7Rogermaintainsthatthehydro-electricpowerplantisanecologicallysustainabledevelopment.AvalidreasonforthisviewisthatA. itismoreefficientthanacoal-firedpowerplant.B. thewatercoolsthelocalatmosphere,hencereducingglobalwarming.C. itprovidesabodyofwaterforthelocalfish,birdsandotheraquaticanimals.D. itdoesnotconsumeanenergyresource,leavingthisresourceavailableforfuturegenerations.

2014ENVSCEXAM 4

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Use the following information to answer Questions 8–13.FrogSpeciesAandBareendemictotheQueenslandhinterland,butonlysmallpopulationsofeachspeciesstillsurviveinthisarea.Habitatdestructionandthecanetoad(anexoticspecies)arethemainthreatstobothspecies.Anecologistestimatestheprobabilityofextinctioninthenext20yearstobe0.90forSpeciesAand0.40forSpeciesB.

Question 8Theprobabilityofbothspeciesbecomingextinctwithinthenext20yearsisA. 0.36B. 0.50C. 0.65D. 1.30

Question 9Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelyclassificationgiventoeachspecies?

Species A Species B

A. vulnerable endangered

B. extinctinthewild endangered

C. criticallyendangered vulnerable

D. criticallyendangered extinctinthewild

Question 10Asmall,isolatedpopulationofSpeciesBwasfoundtobedeclininginthetotalnumberofindividuals.ThispopulationA. isatriskofinbreeding.B. ismoreresistanttodemographicvariation.C. hasahighnumberofindividualdifferences.D. shouldnotbemonitoredbyconservationists.

Question 11AsmallpopulationofSpeciesAexperiencedrandomchangesingeneticmake-upoverseveralgenerations.ThisisanexampleofA. geneflow.B. geneticdrift.C. highgeneticdiversity.D. asuccessfulmanagementstrategy.

Question 12ThebestmanagementplanforasmallpopulationofSpeciesAwouldincludeA. hand-feedingbyparkrangers.B. captureandreleaseintoawarmerhabitat.C. placementoftwoindividualsofthespeciesinazoo.D. actionstostoporreversetheeffectsofhabitatdestructionandexoticspecies.

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Question 13 TherelationshipbetweenfrogSpeciesAandthecanetoadisanexampleofA. symbiosis.B. competition.C. host-parasitism.D. cross-pollination.

Use the following information to answer Questions 14 and 15.AcompanyhasappliedtotherelevantAustraliangovernmentagencyforapermittoimportavarietyofstuffedwildanimalsforsaletoprivatecollectors.Anumberofthesespecimensarelistedasendangeredintheirnativecountry.

Question 14BecauseAustraliaisasignatorytoCITES,thecompanyisdeniedpermission.CITESisanabbreviationfortheA. ConventionontheIllegalTradeofEndangeredSpecies.B. ConventiononInternationalTradeofEndangeredSpecies.C. CooperationfortheInternationalTreatmentofEndangeredSpecies.D. ConventionagainsttheInhumaneTreatmentofEndangeredSpecies.

Question 15UnderCITESguidelines,theapplicationwasnotpermittedbecauseA. therewereconcernsaboutdiseasesbeingintroducedintoAustralia.B. itisillegaltotradeanyanimalorplantmaterialsthatarelistedintheguidelines.C. theimportedstuffedwildanimalsmaybeincompetitionwithlocallyproducedones.D. nocountryistoallowtheimportorexportofliveanimalsoranimalproductsfromanyendangeredspecies.

2014ENVSCEXAM 6

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Use the following information to answer Questions 16 and 17.Amanufacturerconductedaninvestigationintothetypesoflightglobesitproduces.Theaimofthemanufacturerwastofindbettersourcesofrawmaterialstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyofitsproductsandthemanufacturingprocessesusedtomakethem.Themanufacturerfoundthatlight-emittingdiodes(LEDs)aresimplertoproduce, haveamuchlongerlifespanthannormallightglobesandreleasefewerpollutantswhentheyaredisposedof.LEDsarefivetimesmoreefficientthannormallightglobes,whichwouldleadtoenergysavingsandreducedcarbondioxideemissions.

Question 16Thelight-globemanufacturer’sinvestigationwouldbestbedescribedasA. aLifeCycleAssessment.B. awasteminimisationstudy.C. anEnvironmentalRiskAssessment.D. anEnvironmentalManagementPlan.

Question 17LEDsaremoreenergyefficientthannormallightglobesbecausetheyA. costmuchlesstomanufacture.B. operateatahighertemperature.C. producelesswasteheatwhenoperating.D. contributeamuchlowerlevelofgreenhousegastotheatmosphere.

Question 18ThekeyaimofanEnvironmentalRiskAssessmentistoA. determinesomeofthepossiblehumanhealthrisksofanenvironmentalproject.B. continuallyassessandmonitorenvironmentalproblemsassociatedwithanenvironmentalproject.C. createanobjectiveanalysisandcomparisonoftherelativerisksofaparticularactivitytoanecosystem.D. assessandquantifykeyfactorsthatwouldbeofbenefittotheenvironmentifaparticularprojectwere

developed.

Question 19Wastefromafactoryhasbeenillegallydumpedinawetland,leadingtosomepollutantsenteringthebodyofwater.BioremediationofthewetlandwouldfocusonA. usingplantsandbacterialactivitytoremovepollutantsovertime.B. cleaningupthepollutantsbyusingmanualandchemicalmethods.C. ensuringthatthreatenedwaterbirdspeciesarenotharmedbythepollutedwaters.D. finingtheownersofthefactoryunderregulatoryframeworksmanagedbytheEnvironmentProtection

Authority.

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Question 20ApollutantcanbestbedescribedasaA. harmfulsolid,liquidorgas.B. wasteproductcreatedbyhumanactivity.C. toxicsubstancecontrolledbygovernmentlegislation.D. substanceintroducedintotheenvironmentwithundesiredeffects.

Question 21Smokerswhoareexposedtoasbestoshaveagreaterchanceofcontractingalungdiseasethansmokerswhoarenotexposedtoasbestos.ThisisanexampleofA. synergisticaction.B. pollutantmobility.C. dual-pointsources.D. thespecificityofenvironmentalhazards.

Question 22Singleexposuretohighlevelsofleadcompoundscanleadtomusclepains,headaches,nauseaandseizures.ThesesymptomsareduetoA. leadmobility.B. dilutionoflead.C. chronicleadpoisoning.D. acuteleadpoisoning.

Question 23Laboratorytestsshowthat50%ofratsexposedto3gofdichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT)perkilogramofbodyweightwilldie.WhatmassofDDTwillkillhalfoftheratsinapopulationof100,weighing500geach?A. 3gB. 50gC. 100gD. 150g

Question 24Hayfever,asthma,eczemaandhivesareallconsequencesofA. toxicity.B. allergies.C. nutrientexposure.D. environmentalhealthmeasures.

2014ENVSCEXAM 8

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Use the following information to answer Questions 25 and 26.Theterm‘soilhalf-life’referstothetimeneededforhalfofthemassofapollutanttobreakdownintheenvironment.Thetablebelowshowsthesoilhalf-livesofvariouspollutants.

Pollutant Soil half-life (months)

aldrin 10

chlordane 26

DDT 36

dieldrin 22

oxyfluorfen 16

tetrachlorobenzene 4

Question 25Ofthepollutantslisted,DDThasthegreatestA. toxicity.B. specificity.C. persistence.D. bioaccumulation.

Question 26Thesoilinapaddockcontains4kgoftetrachlorobenzene.Ifnoadditionaltetrachlorobenzeneisaddedtothesoil,howmanymonthswillittakebeforethereisjust1kgoftetrachlorobenzeneremaininginthepaddock?A. 8B. 12C. 16D. 20

Question 27Microbesinsoilhelpdecomposepollutantsinsoil.ThemicrobeswithinthesoilbehaveasaA. sink.B. diffusesource.C. bioaccumulator.D. synergisticactor.

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END OF SECTION ATURN OVER

Question 28WhichoneofthefollowingrepresentsasignificantsourceofsulfurdioxideasanairbornepollutantwithinAustralia?A. rooftopsolarpanelsB. fertiliserapplicationC. mineraloreprocessingD. hydro-electricpowerplants

Question 29Theuseofwhichoneofthefollowingwouldbethemosteffectivewayofreducingemissionsofsulfurdioxidefromachimney?A. largefansB. watersprayC. paperfiltersD. magneticplates

Question 30Whichoneofthefollowingisnotapropertyofsulfurdioxide?A. Itisagasthatislessdensethanair.B. Itisabletoformacidintheenvironment.C. Itisproducedduringthecombustionofsulfur-containingsubstances.D. Eachofitsmoleculescontainsonesulfuratomandtwooxygenatoms.

2014ENVSCEXAM 10

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SECTION B – Question 1 –continued

Question 1 (15marks)Theresidentsofasmallisland,approximately200kmoffthecoastofmainlandAustralia,areplanningtoimprovetheisland’selectricitysupplysystem.Atpresent,85%oftheelectricitysupplyforthe3000residentscomesfromafossilfuelpoweredgenerationplant,withtheremainingenergybeingfedintothegridfromnon-fossilfuelenergysources.Therearenosourcesoffossilfuelonoraroundtheisland.Theplanistoincreasenon-fossilfuelsourcestoprovideupto60%oftheisland’selectricityneeds,includingdevelopingalarge-scalebatterystoragesystemthatcanprovideelectricityatappropriatetimesduringtheday.Apartfromdomesticuse,electricityisbeingusedbyagrowingtourismindustry.

Nameafossilfuelandanon-fossilfuelenergysourcethatyouhavestudied.

Fossilfuelenergysource

Non-fossilfuelenergysource

a. Howcanthisfossilfuelenergysourcebeusedtogenerateelectricityfortheisland?Whatinfrastructurewouldberequiredtoachievethis? 2marks

b. i. Outlinetheformsofenergyandconversionstepsthatwouldberequiredtogenerateelectricityfromthisfossilfuel. 3marks

SECTION B

Instructions for Section BAnswerall questionsinthespacesprovided.Writeusingblackorbluepen.

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SECTION B–continuedTURN OVER

ii. Suggestwhythisenergyconversionprocessisnot100%efficient. 2marks

c. Inrelationtoaccessibility,distributionandefficiency,whymaytheresidentsontheislandconsidermovingtowardsgreaterinputfromnon-fossilfuelenergysources? 3marks

d. Describeonepositiveandonenegativepotentialenvironmentalimpactofincreasingtheuseofyournon-fossilfuelenergysourceontheisland. 3marks

e. Whywouldabatterystoragesystemneedtobedevelopedtoallowfortheincreaseduseofnon-fossilfuelenergysources? 2marks

2014ENVSCEXAM 12

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SECTION B – Question 2–continued

Question 2 (12marks)Figure1showsradiationenteringEarth’satmosphere.

sun

stratosphere

indicatesabsorption

Earth’s surface

R

X

PQ

Figure 1 nottoscale

a. Whichoneofthefollowing(A.–D.)bestdescribesthetypesofincomingradiation?Writeyour answerinthebox. 1mark

Infrared Visible Ultraviolet

A. P Q R

B. Q R P

C. Q P R

D. R P Q

b. ReferringtoXinFigure1,identifythetypeofradiation,describehowitoriginatesandexplainthemechanismbywhichitcontributestothenaturalgreenhouseeffect. 4marks

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c. Namethegasthatisthelargestcontributortothenaturalgreenhouseeffect. 1mark

d. Explainwhythenaturalgreenhouseeffectisimportant. 2marks

e. Nameonegasproducedbyhumanactivitythatiscontributingtotheenhancedgreenhouseeffect.Describeamajorsourceofthisgasandstatetwomethodsofreducingatmosphericconcentrationsofthisgas. 4marks

Gas

Source

Methodsofreducinggas

2014ENVSCEXAM 14

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SECTION B – Question 3 –continued

Question 3 (16marks)a. Statethreekeypropertiesofmercury. 3marks

b. Describethemajorhumanhealtheffectsofexcessiveexposuretomercuryanditscompounds. 2marks

c. Brieflydescribetwohuman-createdsourcesofmercury. 2marks

d. Selectoneofthehuman-createdsourcesofmercuryyouhavedescribedinpart c.andexplainwhetheritisapointordiffusesource. 2marks

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e. Mercurycanbetransportedintheenvironmentbyairandwater.

Describethesetwotransportmechanismsofmercury,includingthechemicalforminwhichitis carried. 4marks

• Transportmechanism–air

Description

• Transportmechanism–water

Description

f. Describetheprocessofchemicalchangethatoccurstoelementalmercury,whichenablesittoaccumulateinthetissuesoffishandshellfish. 3marks

2014ENVSCEXAM 16

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Question 4 (15marks)TheGreenCarpenterBeeisalargeAustraliannativebeewithalengthof2cmandadistinctive blue-greenbody.ScatteredpopulationsofthebeecanbefoundalongtheeastcoastofAustralia,aswellasonKangarooIslandinSouthAustralia.ThebeenestsinthedrygrassanddeadbranchesofsomeAustraliannativetreespecies.BushfiresonKangarooIslandin2007drasticallyreducedthehabitatsuitablefortheGreenCarpenterBeetoonlyafewareasofsurvivingvegetation.TheGreenCarpenterBeenowfacesextinctiononKangarooIsland,withperhapsonlyafewsmallisolatedpopulationsremaining.WildlifeofficersandvisitorstoKangarooIslandaremonitoringthepopulationofGreenCarpenterBeesbyreportingindividualsightings.Thisinformationwillbeanalysedandarecoverymanagementplanwillbedeveloped.Thesebeesare‘buzzpollinators’.TheyremovepollenfromtheAustraliannativeguineaflowerbyvibratingthefloweruntilpollenfallsout.Othercommonbees,suchasthehoneybee,areunabletoremovepollenfromtheguineaflowerinthisway,sotheGreenCarpenterBeeisanimportantpollinatoroftheguineaflower.TheguineaflowerhasalsodecreasedinabundanceonKangarooIslandinrecentyears,eventhoughitisabletogrowrelativelyquicklyfromseedfollowingabushfire.

a. StatethescientifictermusedtodescribethesurvivinghabitatthatisstillpopulatedbytheGreenCarpenterBeeonKangarooIsland. 1mark

b. IstheGreenCarpenterBeeendemictoKangarooIsland?Justifyyouranswer. 2marks

c. Usingtheinformationprovided,howmightthereductioninthenumberofGreenCarpenterBeeshaveledtothereductioninabundanceofthenativeguineafloweronKangarooIsland? 2marks

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SECTION B – Question 4–continuedTURN OVER

d. ThefollowingstrategiesmaybeincludedintherecoveryplanfortheGreenCarpenterBeeonKangarooIsland.

Stateonepossibleadvantageandonepossibledisadvantageforeachstrategy. i. RelocationofanumberofGreenCarpenterBeesfromtheeastcoastofAustraliatoKangaroo

Island 2marks

Advantage

Disadvantage

ii. Banningoffuelreductionburnswithinthepatchesofsurvivingvegetation 2marks

Advantage

Disadvantage

e. Describeadifferentmanagementstrategythatmaybeappropriateforinclusionintherecoveryplan. 2marks

2014ENVSCEXAM 18

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SECTION B–continued

f. DuringacommunitymeetingonKangarooIsland,ThomasarguesthatresourcesshouldnotbewastedonprotectingtheGreenCarpenterBee.Hestatesthatthenestingsitesofthebeearetoorare,sotheextinctionofthebeeisinevitable.Healsostatesthatthebeecannotbeeasilylocatedandsowillnotdrawtouriststothearea.

EvaluateThomas’sarguments,statingwhetheryoubelievetheGreenCarpenterBeeshouldbethesubjectofconservationmeasures. 4marks

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Question 5 (13marks)Scientistsarestudyingthefishbiodiversityofthreeunconnectedlakes:A,BandC.Eachlakeisapproximately100hectaresinsize.Thescientistswishtoconductasurveytodeterminethenumberofspeciesandthenumberofindividualswithineachspecies.

a. Describeanappropriatesamplingmethodthatcouldbeusedtocollectdataonfishnumbers. 3 marks

Thescientistsrecordthefollowingdata.

Table 1

Fish species Lake A Lake B Lake CU 10 0 10V 30 35 30W 150 40 30X 30 45 0Y 70 36 90Z 10 44 40

b. Whichlakehasthegreatestspeciesrichness?Justifyyouranswer. 2marks

c. UsingthedatainTable1,whichlakehasthegreatestbiodiversity?Justifyyouranswer. 2marks

2014ENVSCEXAM 20

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Inafurtheranalysis,thescientistsuseanindexofbiodiversity(I)thattheyhavedeveloped.Thisindexisgivenby

I = sum of the difference of each species from the mean of thhe whole lakenumber of different species in that lake

Alowerindexindicatesagreaterspeciesdiversity.ThecalculationsforLakeAatthetimeoftheoriginalsurveyareshowninTable2.

Table 2.LakeAoriginalsurvey

Species No. of individuals Difference from mean

U 10 40

V 30 20

W 150 100

X 30 20

Y 70 20

Z 10 40

Total 300Mean = total/no.ofspecies

300/6=50

sumofdifferencesfrommean=240

I=240/6=40

Twoyearslater,thescientistsrepeatthesurveyforLakeA.ThedataforthesecondsurveyisshowninTable3.

Table 3.LakeAsecondsurvey

Species No. of individuals Difference from mean

U 30

V 47

W 70

X 40

Y 60

Z 5

TotalMean = total/no.ofspecies

sumofdifferencesfrommean=

I =

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d. CalculatetheindexforLakeAfromthedatainthesecondsurvey.Theright-handcolumninTable3 maybeusedforcalculations. 2marks

Index(I)calculationforLakeAinsecondsurvey

e. Basedonyourindexcalculation,hasthespeciesdiversityincreasedordecreased?Justifyyouranswerintermsoftheindex. 2marks

f. Referringtothedatainthesurveys,explainthechangeinspeciesdiversityoverthetwoyears. 2marks

2014ENVSCEXAM 22

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Question 6 (19marks)Australianfisheriesproduceover25000tonnesofprawnsannually.Around80%oftheseprawnsarecaughtinthewild,withtheother20%beingproducedbyaquaculture(i.e.fishfarms).Farmedprawnsgeneratearound$75millionayearandprovideapproximately1000directjobsinthisindustry.Itisarguedthatprawnfarmingdecreasespressureonstocksofprawnsinthewildandreducestheimpactonothermarinespeciesbylimitingbycatch(i.e.unwantedspeciesthatarecaughtandkilledinthenetsofprawntrawlers).Aproposaltodevelopaprawnfarmhasbeenpresentedtothelocalcouncilofacoastalregion.Currently,thesiteismainlyusedasgrazinglandaroundanaturallagoon.Theproposalrequirestheconstructionof10one-hectareponds,supportedbyasystemofchannels,pumpingstationsandaprocessingplantwithrefrigerationrooms.Thelagoonhasbeendegradedoverthelast20yearsandisnotthoughttoprovideahabitatforanythreatenedspecies.However,thelastenvironmentalassessmentoffaunaandfloraspeciestookplace15yearsago.Wastewaterfromtheprawnpondscontainingexcessnutrientswillbepumpedintothelagoon,whichflowsoutintotheseanearamajorlocalsurfbeach.Thecouncilhassuggestedthattheowneroftheprawnfarmneedstoconstructathree-hectaresettlementpondtoallowforthetreatmentandbreakdownofnutrientwastebybiologicalorganisms,beforethetreatedwaterisreleasedintothelagoon.Theowneroftheprawnfarmarguesthatthesettlementpondwillbeanunnecessarycostandthatthesettlementpondisnotneeded.

a. Usingonekeyprincipleofecologicallysustainabledevelopment,explainwhytheproposeddevelopmentoftheprawnfarmcouldberegardedassustainable. 3marks

b. Usingakeyprincipleotherthantheoneusedinpart a.,explainwhytheproposeddevelopmentoftheprawnfarmmaynotberegardedasanecologicallysustainabledevelopment. 3marks

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c. Explainhowtheprecautionaryprinciplecouldbeappliedtothissituation. 3marks

d. Beforethelocalcouncilconsiderssupportingtheprawnfarmdevelopment,itwantsanenvironmentalimpactassessmenttobeprepared.

Whatisthepurposeofpreparinganenvironmentalimpactassessment? 3marks

e. Identifyarelevantgovernmentorganisationthatcouldbeinvolvedinencouragingresponsibleenvironmentalpracticesbytheowneroftheprawnfarmonceitisoperating.

Howcouldthisorganisationbeinvolvedinmonitoringand/orregulatingtheprawnfarm? 2marks

2014ENVSCEXAM 24

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f. Describekeyargumentsforandagainsttheproposaltodevelopaprawnfarmonthelagoonsite.Basedonthesearguments,makearecommendationaboutwhethertheproposalshouldbeallowedtoproceed. 5marks

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

2014 environmental science written examination 2

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