2014 FIFA World Cup From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"2014 World Cup" redirects here. For other competitions of that name, see 2014 World Cup

(disambiguation).

"FIFA 2014" redirects here. For FIFA video game by Electronic Arts, see FIFA 14.

This article is about 2014 FIFA World Cup. For the video game, see 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil (video

game). The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be the 20th FIFA World Cup, an international men's

football tournament, that is scheduled to take place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014.1 It will be the

second time that Brazil has hosted the competition, the previous being in 1950. Brazil was elected

unchallenged as host nation in 2007 after the international football federation, FIFA, decreed that the

tournament would be staged in South America for the first time since 1978 in Argentina, and the fifth time

overall.

The national teams of 31 countries advanced through qualification competitions that began in June 2011 to

participate with the host nation Brazil in the final tournament. A total of 64 matches are to be played in

twelve cities across Brazil in either new or redeveloped stadiums, with the tournament beginning with a

group stage. For the first time at a World Cup Finals, the matches will use goal-line technology.2

With the host country, all world champion teams

since 1930 (Uruguay, Italy, Germany,England, Argentina, France and Spain) have qualified for this

competition. Spain is the defending champion, having defeated the Netherlands 1–0 in the 2010 World Cup

final to win its first World title. The previous four World Cups staged in South America were all won by South

American teams.3

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Host selection

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Main article: 2014 FIFA World Cup bids

On 7 March 2003, FIFA announced that the tournament would be held in South America for the first

time since 1978, in line with its then-active policy of rotating the right to host the World Cup among

different confederations.45

The decision meant that it would be the first time that two consecutive

World Cups will be staged outside Europe.

On 3 June 2003, the South American Football Confederation CONMEBOL initially announced that

Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia wanted to host the finals.6 but, by March 2004,

the CONMEBOL associations had unanimously voted to adopt Brazil as their sole candidate.7

During the intervening months, Colombia decided that it would enter its own bid,8 and formally

declared its candidacy in December 2006.9 A week earlier Brazil had also formally announced its

interest.10

However, Colombia officially withdrew its bid in April 2007, leaving Brazil as the only host

candidate.11

On 30 October 2007 FIFA officially confirmed that Brazil would host the event.12

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Qualification

Main article: 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification

The allocation of places for the final tournament was decided on 3 March 2011, with the distribution of

the 31 places determined through the qualification process unchanged from that of the previous

tournament.13

The qualification draw for the 2014 World Cup was held at the Marina da Glória in Rio

de Janeiro on 30 July 2011.1415

As the host nation, Brazil automatically qualified for the tournament.

203 of the 208 FIFA national teams at the time participated in the qualification stages, which began on

15 June 2011 and concluded on 20 November 2013. 24 of the 32 eventual qualifiers were present

at the previous tournament, with the only debutant being Bosnia and Herzegovina, which qualified for

the first time as an independent nation.16

The highest-ranked absentee according to FIFA World

Rankings will be Ukraine,17

while the OFC region will have no representation at a World Cup Finals for

the first time since 2002.

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Venues

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Dilma Rousseff (2nd from the right) andPelé (center) following the works in Belo Horizonte

Eighteen locations were presented as potential World Cup host cities: Belém, Belo

Horizonte, Brasília, Campo

Grande, Cuiabá, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Goiânia,Maceió, Manaus, Natal, Porto

Alegre, Recife, Rio Branco, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and São Paulo.19

FIFA proposes that no more than one city may use two stadiums, and the number of host cities is

limited between eight and ten. The proposal of Ricardo Teixeira, the then-Head of the Brazilian

Football Confederation, to use twelve host cities in "the interest of the whole country" was however

accepted by FIFA in December 2008.20

The twelve host cities were announced on 31 May 2009, with Belém, Campo Grande, Florianópolis,

Goiânia and Rio Branco being rejected;21

Maceió had already withdrawn in January 2009. The twelve

selections – each the capital of its state – cover all the mainregions of Brazil and create more evenly

distributed hosting than the 1950 finals in Brazil provided, when matches were concentrated in the

south-east and south.22

As a result the tournament will require significant long-distance travel for

teams.23

A reported US$3.47 billion has been spent on stadium projects.24

Five of the chosen host cities have

brand new venues built specifically for the World Cup, while the Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha in

the capital Brasilia was demolished and rebuilt, and the remaining six are being extensively

renovated.25

The Estádio do Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, which already holds the record attendance

for a FIFA World Cup Finals match (199,854), is the largest of the stadiums and will stage the final.

The CBF originally intended to host the opening match at São Paulo's Estádio do Morumbi but it was

dropped in 2010 and replaced by the Arena Corinthians after failing to provide financial guarantees for

the required improvements.26

The first new stadium, the Castelão, in Fortaleza, became operational in January 2013.27

According to

Joe Leahy of the Financial Times, the works in the Castelão, "could set a precedent for other sporting

public works", since the project "came in within budget and cheaper per seat" than the Maracanã

stadium in Rio.2829

Six of the venues were used during the 2013 Confederations Cup.30

Six further

stadiums are however forecast to miss FIFA's original 31 December 2013 deadline for completed

works.31

The completion of the new Arena Corinthians has been hindered by a fatal crane collapse in

November 2013 that destroyed part of the stadium and killed two construction workers.32

On 22 January 2014, FIFA General Secretary Jerome Valcke visited the Arena da Baixada site in

Curitiba and stated that the city may be dropped as a World Cup host city if sufficient progress in the

renovation of the arena was not shown by 18 February.33

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Final draw

See also: 2014 FIFA World Cup seeding

The 32 participating teams were to be drawn into the eight groups of the group stage. In preparation

for this, the teams were organised into four pots with the seven highest-ranked teams joining host

nation Brazil in the seeded pot.42

As with the previous tournaments, FIFA aimed to create groups

which maximised geographic separation and therefore the unseeded teams were arranged into pots

based on geographic considerations.4344

The final draw for the 2014 World Cup was held at the Costa do Sauípe Resort, Mata de São

João in Bahia on 6 December 2013.45

The ceremony was presented by FIFA Secretary

General Jérôme Valcke and Brazilian hostess Fernanda Lima with the balls being drawn by former

players representing the eight past World Cup-winning nations: Cafu, Fabio Cannavaro, Alcides

Ghiggia, Fernando Hierro, Geoff Hurst, Mario Kempes, Lothar Matthäus and Zinedine Zidane.46

During

the draw additional draw procedures were applieddue to the uneven number of teams within the four

geographic pots, which moved one randomly drawn European team from Pot 4 into Pot 2.4748

No

teams from the same confederation were permitted to be grouped together with the exception of UEFA

members, where a maximum of two could be.4349

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The official Brazil 2014 logo

Images, slogan and music

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The official Brazil 2014 poster

The official logo of the competition is entitled "Inspiration", and was created by Brazilian

agency Africa.69

The design is based around a photograph of three victorious hands together raising

the World Cup trophy and its yellow and green colouring is meant to represent Brazil warmly

welcoming the world to their country. It was unveiled at a ceremony held during the 2010 World

Cup in Johannesburg.69

The design was selected from the submissions of 25 Brazilian-based

agencies invited to submit designs.70

Brazilian graphic designer Alexandre Wollner has criticised the

design, suggesting that it resembles a hand covering a face in shame, as well as the process through

which it was chosen, which had a jury that excluded professional graphic designers.71

FIFA also commissioned an official poster that was unveiled in January 2013 and designed by the

Brazilian creative agency Crama.72

The official slogan is "All in One Rhythm"(Portuguese: "Juntos

num só ritmo").73

An official song has been created for every World Cup finals since 1962. On 24 January

2014, FIFA and Sony Music announced that the official anthem for the tournament will be "We Are

One" by Pitbull, Jennifer Lopez and Claudia Leitte.74

Sony has also launched a global music contest –

entitled 'SuperSong' – to select a song for the competition's official album.75

The contest allows any

person to submit a song via a website, with the winning entrant chosen in February 2014 to be

professionally recorded by the singer Ricky Martin.75

On 10 February 2014, american Elijah King was

chosen with the song "Vida" ("Life", in English).76

In addition to composed songs, the tournament also recognises an official instrument: The caxirola, a

percussive instrument created by Brazilian musician Carlinhos Brown.77

They are designed to create a

softer sound than the African vuvuzela horn that featured prominently during the 2010 World Cup.

However, due to safety concerns, FIFA later announced that caxirolas will not be permitted inside the

stadiums.78

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Infrastructure projects

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Recife International Airport in Recife

The airports in Brazil have been identified as "the big problem" by the tournament's organising

committee.92

An estimated 600,000 people will travel by plane to the tournament in addition to three

million Brazilians using flight to travel between matches.93

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Metro in Fortaleza

Legislation was introduced to enable the state's airport operator Infraero to speed up airport

works.94

However, research by the Brazilian government in 2011 forecast that 10 of the 13 terminals to

be upgraded were unlikely to be completed in time for the tournament.95

Brazilian President Dilma

Rousseff stated that the government would make "a strong intervention" to ensure that the airports are

ready, including opening them up to private investment.95

To date, the management of three airports

has already been handed over to the private sector (earning $10.8 billion),96

with two further auctions

planned before the end of 2013.97

Additional major infrastructure projects have been taking place across the country on road

systems and light rail and bus rapid transit lines that will connect the airports to the city centres and

stadiums. Over 4,300 km of highways will need to be worked on.98

Media reports however speculate

that some of these transport links will not be completed in time for the tournament.99100

Over $5 billion

is also being invested to build new hotels ready for both the World Cup Finals as well as the 2016

Summer Olympics to be staged in Rio de Janeiro.101

A reported 13 of the original 50 planned infrastructure works announced by the Brazilian sports

ministry in 2010 have already been cancelled.102

New projects subsequently introduced were smaller

in scale to those originally proposed.102

Former Brazilian footballerRomário, now a political figure,

criticised his country's handling of these preparations but said that "FIFA's requirements were

excessive".103

Security measures

Brazilian police test an anti-bomb robot

The Brazilian government has pledged $900 million will be invested into security forces and that the

tournament will be "one of the most protected sports events in history".104

FIFA Secretary

General Jérôme Valcke promised "the highest level of security you can imagine" will operate during

competition.104

It plans to have one police officer for every 50 people attending matches, and one for

every 80 people at public viewing events around the country.104

Investment in security measures such as facial recognition systems and unmanned security robots

has already been made.105

An integrated security plan has been developed that seeks to gain

information from sources about potential terrorists, troublemakers and hooligans.106

Security concerns for the tournament have been increased since large-scale protests occurred during

Brazil's staging of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup with disturbances also occurring outside the

stadiums.107108

Protesters cited the amount of public money being invested by the Brazilian

government in the hosting of the World Cup at the expense of social services for its population as a

key grievance.109110111

Ticketing

FIFA forecasts a total of 3,334,524 tickets for the tournament.112

The majority of these are distributed

to groups such as commercial affiliates, hospitality clients, media rights holders and

VIPs.112

Approximately 1.1 million are to be sold to the general public (400,000 to Brazilian residents

only, 700,000 overseas and Brazilians).112

The sale of tickets to the general public has been divided into three phases and handled via FIFA's

website and nominated locations in each of the host cities.113114

There are four categories of tickets,

with Category 4 tickets only being available to Brazilian residents.112

Discounted tickets are available

to Brazilians aged over 60, students and those receiving Bolsa Família welfare.112

These are available

for as little as 30 Brazilian reals (roughly US$12.50), while the most expensive ticket of the competition

on general sale is a Category 1 seat for the final that retails at US$990.112

In addition to individual

tickets "venue specific tickets", which give access to all matches staged in a host city (during the group

stage and round of 16), and "team ticket series", which give access to all matches of a chosen team

during the tournament, are also available.112

Tickets went on sale on 20 August 2013 with 2.3 million tickets requested during the first 24

hours.115

By the end of this first phase of sales in October 2013, over six million requests had been

received from the general public.116

As demand exceeded supply, FIFA staged a random draw to

allocate tickets with a total of 889,305 tickets being allocated: 71.5% of these were sold to Brazilian

residents with the highest number of overseas sales being to those in the United States.117

A further

220,000 tickets issued on a first come, first served basis sold out within seven hours of being placed

on sale in November 2013.118119

A second phase of ticket sales – to run until 30 January – began

following the final draw in December 2013, which yielded almost 1.2 million ticket requests within the

first 24 hours.120

Media

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Riocentro is home of the International Broadcast Centre

Filming

Sony will supply the technology for filming of the games. The games will be produced for FIFA by Host

Broadcast Services, subsidiary of Infront Sports & Media. FIFA TV Director Niclas Ericson confirmed

that the games will be filmed at Ultra HDTV technology (4K resolution). The announcement followed a

successful test of the tech at 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, with the sport's governing body FIFA

ready to take the plunge for the showcase game in Brazil.121

The multilateral camera plan for the games includes coverage by the inclusion of a cable system and

an aerial (helicopter) camera for all matches. An up to 34-camera plan has been proposed, with two

new reverse-angle 6m cameras – SSM and mainly used for replays – bringing the number up from the

32 used in 2010.122

Broadcasting

See also: 2014 FIFA World Cup broadcasting rights

The broadcasting rights – covering television, radio, internet and mobile coverage – for the tournament

are sold to media companies in each individual territory either directly by FIFA, or through licensed

companies or organisations such as the European Broadcasting Union,Organización de Televisión

Iberoamericana, International Media Content, Dentsu and RS International Broadcasting & Sports

Management.123

The sale of these rights accounts for an estimated 60% of FIFA's income from

staging a World Cup.124

For a fourth consecutive FIFA World Cup Finals, the coverage will be provided

by HBS (Host Broadcast Services),125

in partnership with Sony as the production equipment

supplier.126

The International Broadcast Centre will be situated at the Riocentro in Rio de Janeiro.127

The International Broadcast Centre for these games will be located at the Riocentro exhibition

complex in the Barra da Tijucaneighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro.

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Luz Station in Downtown São Paulo

The Brazilian federal government has earmarked R$3 billion (€1.8 billion, £1.1 billion) for investment in

works relating to the 2014 World Cup, and intends to release a package of works, entitled the FIFA

World Cup PAC (Portuguese acronym for Growth Acceleration Programme). According to the Brazilian

minister of cities, Márcio Fortes, the bulk of funds should go to works pertaining to the tournament

itself, but the total figure will only be defined after a meeting with representatives of the municipalities

that will host the matches.

"This is only an initial figure. We have not set a figure yet. These R$3 billion will allow us to take the

first step. The total value of projects is not known yet. We are going to hold talks with mayors to learn

which projects are priorities," said the minister. The funds will be supplied by Pró-Transporte, a

financing programme funded by the Severance Pay Indemnity Fund (FGTS) whose regulation was

passed last year by the fund's Board of Curators.

According to Fortes, several city councils have already contacted the ministry and showed interest in

partnership for carrying out infrastructure work turned exclusively to the Cup that will be held in Brazil.

"For some time now, the city councils that will host the matches have been contacting us. The city

councils have had meetings with FIFA and several projects were outlined. Our approach consists of

dealing only with projects exclusively turned to the Cup. Our goal right now is not to solve transport-

related issues in the city. We are going to help solve the issues pertaining to the events," he stated.

According to the minister, another factor to be analysed by the Ministry of Cities is usefulness

and sustainability of the investment after the competition is over. "We are not going to deal with huge

projects. The cheapest and most efficient means of transport will be used. Of course, each case will

be analysed separately," he explained.

Fortes stated that the PAC of the Cup is going to include partnerships with city councils

and state governments, as well as some partnerships with the private sector. "The keyword is

partnership. The federal government will not undertake anything by itself. It will be similar to the

infrastructure PAC, in which we already have partnerships with city councils and state governments,

as well as public-private partnerships. We are going to review the type of investment proposed,

analyse their size, and the need for private sector participation, which may take place in different

ways. The private sector may build and then lease the assets, or perhaps operate them. All of that will

be discussed," he stated.

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Check-in area of Salvador International Airport in Salvador

The minister also informed that preparations for the World Cup already include the creation of a line of

financing for renewing the bus fleet across the country. The line will be made available by the Brazilian

Federal Savings Bank with total funds of R$1 billion (€600 million, £375 million).131

To support the sport's development throughout the continent leading up to the World Cup, FIFA as

part of its "Win in CONMEBOL with CONMEBOL" program, has invested in building synthetic football

pitches in each country within the confederation. The football turf pitch in Brazil is located at the CBF

national training center in Rio de Janeiro and built by a FIFA Preferred Producer for Football Turf.

Maracanã projects

Maracanã Stadium, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, has been chosen for the final match. Maracanã was

inaugurated in the 1950 World Cup. For the 2014 World Cup, among other adaptations, a new cover

will be built. The project also includes construction of a building for parking, above the lines of

Supervia and subways, with 3,500 parking spaces. The estimated investment is R$460 million.

According to the study of Sinaenco, there is a need to improve the visibility for spectators in the first

few rows behind the cabins in the Maracanã, redesign the facilities for people with disabilities, and

provide general health reform.

The project may also provide for the restoration of Quinta da Boa Vista and the Museum of São

Cristóvão, in addition to redevelopment and revitalisation of neighbourhoods includingTijuca.

The Engenhão stadium, completed for the 2007 Pan American Games, has a capacity of 45,000

people and will serve as a training ground for the World Cup.

An investment of R$5 billion is required to meet the requirements that Rio de Janeiro faces in the final

tournament and other games, covering three areas: logistics (roads, railways, ports, waterways and

airports), energy (generation and transmission of electric power, petroleum, natural gas and

renewables) and social and urban (light, sanitation, housing, subways and water resources). In

relation to the Rio de Janeiro Metro, the Ministry of Transport has held a public hearing regarding the

extension of its lines. The line for the new project is 13.5 km (8.4 mi) long, and should cross the South

Zone of the city, carrying around 200,000 passengers per day between six metro stations.132

Corinthians projects

The New Corinthians Stadium, in the city of São Paulo, has been chosen for the opening

ceremony. São Paulo's chances of staging the opening ceremony of the 2014 FIFA World Cup

improved after FIFA accepted a guarantee that SC Corinthians Paulista's new stadium will be

completed in time for the tournament. The stadium, being built by Odebrecht SA, will cost

R$800 million (US$522 million), according to Corinthians former President Andres Sanchez. BNDES,

the national development bank, pledged R$400 million and the city of São Paulo will provide a

property fund worth R$400 million.

On a statement on the Corinthians website, Ricardo Teixeira, president of the World Cup local

organising committee and the Brazilian Football Confederation, said: "This approval – in record time,

less than a year – is the result of efforts by the government of São Paulo, particularly the

Governor Geraldo Alckmin and Mayor Gilberto Kassab."133

FIFA's approval of the project to build a

new home for Brazil's biggest football club by revenue, which originally had a cost estimate of

US$1.2 billion, was required for São Paulo to host World Cup games.

In June 2011, then sports minister Orlando Silva said in an interview that the federal government

would tell tournament organiser FIFAthat São Paulo, Salvador, Belo Horizonte and Brasília are eligible

to stage the opening ceremony. FIFA will announce the venue in October. Sanchez said: "I said before

that if Corinthians could fulfill all the requirements of FIFA, the opening of the World Cup would be in

São Paulo. Corinthians gave the guarantees required by FIFA, so the opening will be in São

Paulo."133

Most of the funding for investment in airports, stadiums, ports and urban transportation

before the World Cup will come from the government.133

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