Human Physiology I (PSL300H) Sandeep Dhillon

Department of Physiology

About PSL300HLectures – 3 hrs/wkMonday, Wednesday, Friday 2 -3 pmSlides posted to the course Blackboard site

Textbook readings, lectures, material posted to course Blackboard

D.U. Silverthorn Human Physiology, An Integrated Approach, 7th edition (2016)

About PSL300HMarking scheme Three on-line quizzes (3 X 1%) 3% Term Test 1 20% Term Test 2 20% Final Exam (covers all course material) 57% Check course syllabus for schedule & material covered

Prerequisites: BIO130H1/BIO150Y1; CHM138H1; MAT100-series/PHY100 series OR their equivalent

Exclusions: PSL200Y, PSL201Y or PSL302Y

Read the course syllabus posted to Blackboard for full lecture, tutorial, and testing information.

About PSL300H

Tutorials – 5 hours per term, various datesTutorials run Friday/Monday/Wednesday dates1-2 pm, 3-4 pm, 4-5 pm each dateThree rooms running at each time slot

•  Sign up for space in a tutorial class•  Blackboard self-sign up begins Sept 19•  Choose which day & time fits into your schedule•  Attend the same tutorial class for the entire term

– get to know your TAs & peers

NOTE: In previous years, the mean course mark for those who attended 4 to 5 tutorials was significantly higher than the mean mark for those

who did not attend tutorials or only attended 1 tutorial

About PSL300HLecturers*

Dr. Sandeep Dhillon – EndocrinologyDr. Brian Cox - ReproductionDr. Nohjin Kee (Course Director) – Cellular neurophysiology, Motor, Autonomic, MuscleDr. Douglas Tweed – Brain overview and Sensory

Course Coordinator*

Dr. Christine Wong

*Check the contacts area of Blackboard for Email addresses & other information

About PSL300HWhat to do well in the course?

• Read lectures slides before the lecture• Attend lectures and take additional notes• Review lectures within 48 hours, repeat

• Create summary diagrams or concept maps• Start to review for tests 2 weeks in advance & do

more than just re-reading your notes

Physiology forms the basis for all health professions – it is worth spending extra time on the course!

PSL300H Lecture 1 Introduction

Lecture outlineCase studyWhat is physiology?What is homeostasis?Where are hormones produced?How were many hormones identified?

About PSL300HWhat we expect you to know alreadyHow you can do well in the courseTextbook reading: Silverthorn 7th ed. 13-18, 166-168, 182-191 (6th ed. 14-19, 175-177, 192-200, 207-21); (5th ed. 179-181, 196-205, 216-220); Silverthorn 6th ed. 14-19, 175-177, 192-200, 207-211 (5th ed. 179-181, 196-205, 216-220; (4th ed. 175-177, 191-200, 212-213, 216-217)

Two days in the life of Jill

Case Study

Jill is a 18-year old U of T student. She plans to go to medical school so she decides to practice with a sphygmomanometer that her parent recently purchased. On day 1, she wakes up, goes for a 5K run, skips breakfast, and determines that her blood pressure is 110/80 mmHg. The next day, she skips the run and drinks a glass of juice and has two cups of tea at breakfast. Her blood pressure is 112/80 mmHg. 1) What is the name of the principle demonstrated in this case? 2) How does the body maintain blood pressure? 3) How is the knowledge of the physiology blood pressure control used to treat individuals with high blood pressure?

What is physiology?

The science of how the body functions

Physiology spans from molecules to organisms

Physiology courses divided into organ systems

PSL300H

PSL301H

�the constancy of the internal environment�

Claude Bernard, 1880�s

�homeostasis�, regulation of the internal environment

Walter B. Cannon, 1929

A key aspect of physiology is homeostatis= The process of maintaining a constant internal environment despite changing conditions

Negative Feedback Positive FeedbackInitial

Stimulus

Response

Stimulus

OutsidefactorFeedback

InitialStimulus

Response

Stimulus

Negative feedback for homeostasisPositive feedback for change

Negative feedback: e.g. regulation of blood pressure

Positive feedback: e.g. oxytocin and control of uterine contractions

Oxytocin release

Uterine contractions

Cervical stretch

Baby pushedagainst cervix

Baby drops

Feedback control

setpoint

Biological rhythms result from changes in a setpoint

Review question

Imagine a hormone that is released in response to low blood pressure and acts to reduce blood pressure. What is this an example of?

a)  Positive feedback b)  Negative feedback c)  Feed forward control d)  Neutral feedback

Establishing Homestasis

Cell-to-cell communication!1)  Local communication

•  Gap Junctions•  Contact dependent•  Local signaling

2)  Long-distance communication•  Endocrine signals•  Neural signals

Maintaining homeostasis and other body functions requires intercellular communication

Spend one minute writing down what you know about Names of hormones

Where released fromFunctionsHow regulatedHow act on cells

What do you know already about the endocrine system?

Where are hormones produced?

Adipose tissue

How were many hormones identified?

•  Remove gland and see effects•  Replace gland or extract•  Implant gland or extract to produce

excess•  Purify extract and test for effect in biological

assay

Timeline of selected hormone discoveries 1901 Abel and Takamine – adrenalin1902 Starling and Bayliss – secretin1914 Kendall – thyroxine1921 Banting, Best, Macleod and Collip – insulin1920-30s – testosterone1945 Li and Evans – growth hormone1970s Guillemin and Schally– hypothalamic hormones1981 de Bold – atrial natriuretic factor1995 Friedman – leptin1994 Scherer – adipoenectin1999 Kojima – ghrelin2000 Tsutsui – gonadotropin inhibiting hormone

Two days in the life of Jill

Case Study

1)  What is the name of the principle demonstrated in this

case?

2)  How does the body maintain blood pressure?

Two days in the life of Jill cont�d

Case Study

3) How is the knowledge of the physiology blood pressure control used to treat individuals with high blood pressure?

Next class

Classification of hormones

Control of hormone release