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HVS.com HVS | 6th Floor, Building 8-C, DLF Cyber City, Phase – II, Gurgaon 122 002, INDIA

Manav Thadani, MRICS

Chairman – Asia Pacific

Sanaya JijinaAnalyst – Consulting & Valuation

2015 INDIA

STATE RANKING SURVEY

Inassociationwith

| 2015 STATE RANKING SURVEY

Introduction

TheStateRankingSurvey,abiennialpublicationcompiledbyHVSinassociationwiththeWorldTravel&TourismCouncil,India Initiative (WTTCII), aims at analysing the state-wisepotentialofTravelandTourisminIndia,andassessingtherelative competitiveness of different states in the country.Historically,theevaluationhasbeencarriedoutfor29states;however,thesplitofAndhraPradeshin2014hasresultedintheadditionofTelangana,increasingthetallyto30statesinthisedition.

TheTravelandTourism industry isan integralpartof theIndianeconomy.In2013,theindustryaccountedforUS$18.4billion in foreign exchange reserves, becoming the third-largestforeignexchangeearnerinthecountry.In2014,theforeign exchange earnings (FEE) from tourism recorded agrowthof9.7%over2013,crossingtheUS$20billionmark.Overall,thegovernmenthastakenprogressivestepsfortheindustry in recent years with the introduction of theelectronicvisascheme(e-TouristVisa),formulationofanewtourismpolicy(adraftversionofwhichwasreleasedearlierthis year), creation of tourist circuits based on specificthemes, andmore. However, India still has several criticalissuestocircumnavigateinordertoestablishitselfasamajordestination for international tourism. As per the TourismHighlights2015EditionreportbytheUnitedNationsWorldTourism Organization (UNWTO), the total number ofInternational Tourist Arrivals (ITA) worldwide was 1,133millionin2014,ofwhichtheAsiaPacificregionaccountedfor23.2% and South Asia, in particular, captured only 1.5%;India managed to attract merely 0.67% of the world'sinternationaltouristarrivals,largelyunderpenetratingthemarket.

companies. The State Ranking Survey focuses on onecomponentofthisindustry–hotels–andaimstoidentifythebest performing states in India from the hospitalityindustry's viewpoint. In order to meet this objective, weemployed12keyparametersor criteria forevaluating theperformance of different states. While some parametersapply specifically to hotel developers, others are morerelevantforstategovernments.

Itmustbenoted that in the last twoeditions,weused11parameters to determine the actual ranking index of thedifferentstates.However,inthisyear'ssurveywehaveaddedan additional parameter – the ease of doing business – toreflect each state government's suitability for attractinginvestment and propagating development. The 12parameters were assessed based on data collected fromvarious reliable sources. Each parameter was furtherassignedaspecificweightcommensuratewithitsindividualimpact on the hotel industry. The methodology used inderivingeachoftheserankingshasbeenexplainedingreaterdetaillaterinthisreport.

Figure3outlinesthedefinedsamplesetofstatescoveredinthis survey. The analysis accounts for 30 states includingDelhiandthenewlyformedTelangana,butomitstheUnionTerritoriesinordertoavoidanyprobabledistortionofdata.

TheWorldTravel&TourismCouncil(WTTC),initsEconomicImpact 2015-India publication, reported that the totalcontributionofTravelandTourismtoIndia'sGDPwas6.7%(`7,642.5billion)in2014,andisforecasttoriseby7.5%in2015withasubsequentyear-on-yeargrowthof7.3%from2015to2025.Theindustryalsosupported36.7milliondirectandindirectjobsin2014,accountingforapproximately8.7%of the total employment in India. Nonetheless, India lagsbehindsomeoftheotherAsiaPacificcountriesintermsofrelativetotalcontributionofTravelandTourismtotheGDP(Figure2).

The Travel and Tourism industry consists of multipleverticalswhichincludehotels,airlines,andtravelandtour

1) Andhra Pradesh

2) Arunachal Pradesh

3) Assam

4) Bihar

5) Chha�sgarh

6) Delhi*

7) Goa

8) Gujarat

9) Haryana

10) Himachal Pradesh

11) Jammu & Kashmir

12) Jharkhand

13) Karnataka

14) Kerala

15) Madhya Pradesh

16) Maharashtra

17) Manipur

18) Meghalaya

19) Mizoram

20) Nagaland

21) Odisha

22) Punjab

23) Rajasthan

24) Sikkim

25) Tamil Nadu

27) Telangana

28) Tripura

29) U�ar Pradesh

29) U�arakhand

30) West Bengal

* Does not include Gurgaon, NOIDA, Greater NOIDA, Ghaziabad and Faridabad

FIGURE 3 - DEFINED SAMPLE SET OF STATES

Figure 4 presents the 12 identified parameters and theirrespective weights used to determine the actual rankingindex corresponding to their individual impact on thehospitalityindustry.

29.9%

19.3%

14.9%

11.1% 9.4% 9.3% 9.3% 9.2%

6.9% 6.7%4.1%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

Co

ntr

ibu

�o

n o

f Tr

avel

an

d T

ou

rism

to

GD

P (

%)

Cambodia

Thailand

Mala

ysia

Sri L

anka

China

Indonesia

Vietn

am

Asia P

acific

Pakistan

India

Bangladesh

Source: WTTC Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2015 - India

FIGURE 2 - ASIA PACIFIC: RELATIVE TOTAL CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM TO GDP (2014)

Source: UNWTO Tourism Highlights 2015 Edition

Sub Region

International Tourist Arrivals

(million)Market

Share

FIGURE 1 - ASIA PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS (2014)

Asia Pacific (APAC)

North-East Asia

South-East Asia

South Asia

Oceania

263.3136.3

96.717.113.2

23.2%12.0%

8.5%1.5%1.2%

2015 STATE RANKING SURVEY 2015 | PAGE 3

stay but also causes ambiguity, as most hotels across theworld have taxes applicable on the actual room tariff.Furthermore,itmustbenotedthatluxurytaxisonlyoneofthetaxeschargedtoahotelguestinIndia,andoverall,thetotal tax applicable may vary from 18% to 25% acrossdifferentstates.

Bearingtheaboveinmind,theintroductionoftheimpendingGoodsandServicesTax(GST)billislikelytobewelcomedbytheindustryatlarge.GSTwouldbeasingletax,whichwouldsubsume all forms of tax such as service tax, luxury tax,entertainmenttax,valueaddedtax, and others. However,thereisstillaconsiderableamountofdoubtastowhatthetaxratewouldbe, as thebill isyet tobepassedby theupperhouseoftheparliament.

Inordertoassesstheperformanceofthe30samplestatesinthis parameter, theEffectiveTaxRatewas calculated. This

Eachoftheseparametershasbeendiscussedindetailbelow.

Luxury Tax on Hotels

LuxurytaxisamajordebatablesubjectfortheIndianTravelandTourismindustry.Currently,thepercentageofluxurytaxvariesvastlyacrossthedifferentstates,withsomeofthemnotlevyingitatall.Asaresult,therangeofluxurytaxwithinthecountryrangesfrom0%to20%.Anotherchallengeisthatthebasisforthecomputationofthetaxalsovaries.InsomeIndianstates,thetaxisleviedonthepublishedtariff,whileinthecaseofothersitisontheactualtariff.Theformernotonlyresultsintheguesteffectivelypayingmoretaxforhisorher

Effec�ve Tax Range Points

Published Tariff `10,000 No tax 25

Discount 25% 1.0 to 5.0% 21

Actual Tariff `7,500 5.1 to 9.0% 18

9.1 to 12.0% 15

12.1 to 15.0% 11

15.1 to 20.0% 7

Above 20.0% 4

Assump�ons

FIGURE 5 - METHODOLOGY FOR LUXURY TAX ON HOTELS

Luxury Tax Calculated On Effec�ve Tax Rate

Points

Obtained

Rank

2015

Rank

2013

Rank

2011

Rank

2009

Variance

(13-15)

Variance

(09-15)

Arunachal Pradesh 0.0% - 0.0% 25 1 1 1 1 0 0

Jammu & Kashmir 0.0% - 0.0% 25 1 1 1 1 0 0

Manipur 0.0% - 0.0% 25 1 1 1 1 0 0

Mizoram 0.0% - 0.0% 25 1 1 1 1 0 0

Nagaland 0.0% - 0.0% 25 1 1 1 1 0 0

Odisha 0.0% - 0.0% 25 1 1 1 1 0 0

Sikkim 0.0% - 0.0% 25 1 1 1 1 0 0

U�ar Pradesh 5.0% Actual Tariff 5.0% 21 8 8 9 8 0 0

Andhra Pradesh 5.0% Published Tariff 7.0% 18 9 10 11 12 1 3

Telangana 5.0% Published Tariff 7.0% 18 9

Gujarat 6.0% Published Tariff 8.0% 18 11 11 12 13 0 2

Punjab 8.0% Actual Tariff 8.0% 18 11 11 8 15 0 4

U�arakhand 10.0% Actual Tariff 10.0% 15 13 8 9 8 -5 -5

Bihar 10.0% Actual Tariff 10.0% 15 13 13 14 16 0 3

Haryana 10.0% Actual Tariff 10.0% 15 13 13 25 8 0 -5

Madhya Pradesh 10.0% Actual Tariff 10.0% 15 13 13 14 16 0 3

Maharashtra 10.0% Actual Tariff 10.0% 15 13 13 14 16 0 3

Rajasthan 10.0% Actual Tariff 10.0% 15 13 13 14 16 0 3

West Bengal 10.0% Actual Tariff 10.0% 15 13 13 14 16 0 3

Goa 12.0% Actual Tariff 12.0% 15 20 21 14 8 1 -12

Karnataka 12.0% Actual Tariff 12.0% 15 20 21 23 24 1 4

Assam 12.0% Actual Tariff 12.0% 15 20 21 26 13 1 -7

Kerala 12.5% Actual Tariff 12.5% 11 23 24 24 22 1 -1

Jharkhand 12.5% Actual Tariff 12.5% 11 23 24 13 23 1 0

Chha�sgarh 10.0% Published Tariff 13.0% 11 25 26 14 27 1 2

Himachal Pradesh 10.0% Published Tariff 13.0% 11 25 13 14 25 -12 0

Tripura 15.0% Actual Tariff 15.0% 11 27 13 14 16 -14 -11

Tamil Nadu 12.5% Published Tariff 17.0% 7 28 28 27 25 0 -3

Delhi 15.0% Published Tariff 20.0% 7 29 26 27 29 -3 0

Meghalaya 20.0% Actual Tariff 20.0% 7 29 29 29 27 0 -2

FIGURE 6 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR LUXURY TAX ON HOTELS

Note: Rankings for Andhra Pradesh from 2009 to 2013 include Telangana.Source: HVS Research

Parameters Assigned Weight Impact

Luxury Tax on Hotels 25 HighState Expenditure on Tourism 25 HighTourist Visits 20 HighPresence of Branded Hotel Rooms 10 MediumGSDP Per Capita 10 MediumEffec�veness of Marke�ng Campaign 10 MediumUrbanisa�on 10 MediumRoad and Railway Infrastructure 10 MediumAircra� Movement 10 MediumLiteracy Rates 5 LowEase of Doing Business 10 MediumIntangible Aspects 15 MediumTotal 160

FIGURE 4 - IDENTIFIED PARAMETERS AND ASSIGNED WEIGHTS


low.Thisisduetoanumberofreasons,theprimaryonebeingthe allocation of resources and funds towards moreimportant sectors such as infrastructure, or nurturingindustries that are deemedpertinent to the economy of aparticularstate.

Underthisparameter,bytabularisingthecapitalexpenditureand revenue expenditure, we have assessed the totalexpenditure by each state government towards tourism.Figures 7 and 8 present our point allocation criteria andranking of the states for this evaluation parameter,respectively.

wascomputedassumingapublishedtariffof`10,000witha25%discounttoderivetheactualtariff.Pointswereallottedbasedonsevenpoint-bracketsthatweredevelopedandcanbeseeninFigure5.Figure6illustratesourscoringfortheLuxuryTaxappliedbythedifferentstateswithinthecountry.

Sinceourpreviousstudy,Tripurahasslipped14placesasaresultofincreasingitsluxurytaxfrom10%to15%.Similarly,Uttarakhand has moved down five places as a result ofescalatingitsluxurytaxfrom5%to10%.HimachalPradesh,meanwhile,hasdroppedsignificantly inrankingsowingtolevyingtheluxurytaxonpublishedtariffnow,ascomparedtoactual tariff in the past. Moreover, Delhi, having recentlyincreaseditsluxurytaxfrom10%to15%,hasmoveddownthreeplacesfromthelastsurvey.Withthischange,itsluxurytax is among the highest in the country. Resultantly, bydefault, Goa, Karnataka, Assam, Kerala, Jharkhand, andChhattisgarh have witnessed a favourable transition inrankingsbyoneplaceeach.

States such as Delhi, Kerala, Goa, Tamil Nadu, HimachalPradeshandRajasthancanbeseencapitalisingonluxurytax.On the other hand, Jammu& Kashmir,Manipur,Mizoram,Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha and Sikkim areconsistentintermsoflevyingnoluxurytaxonhotelrooms.

State Expenditure on Tourism

Althoughtheaveragestateexpenditureontourismhasseenapositive growth over the last five years, the amount as apercentageofthetotalexpenditurecontinuestobedismally

FIGURE 7 - METHODOLOGY FOR STATE EXPENDITURE ON TOURISM

Points

252015105

Range

Above 0.55%0.41% to 0.55% 0.26% to 0.40%0.10% to 0.25%

Below 0.10%

Sikkimcontinuestotopthislisthavingheavilyrampedupitstourismspendto2.84%oftotalexpenditurein2014/15from1.83%reportedfor2012/13inthepreviouseditionofthisreport.Jammu&Kashmirhasmanagedtomoveuponeplaceto the 2ⁿ� rank, displacingGoawhich lowered its tourismspendfrom1.04%oftotalexpenditurein2012/13to0.48%in2014/15–a54%drop.Withsecurityhavingimprovedinthe state, tourism has seen a steady growth in Jammu &Kashmirover the last fewyearswarrantingan increase in

All Sectors Tourism All Sectors Tourism All Sectors Tourism

Tourism Spend as a %of Total Expenditure

PointsObtained

Rank 2009

Variance (09-15)

Variance(13-15)

Total State Expenditure (` in lakh)

Revenue Expenditure*(` in lakh)

Capital Expenditure**(` in lakh)

Rank 2015

Rank 2013

Rank 2011

Sikkim

Jammu & Kashmir

Goa

Arunachal Pradesh

Gujarat

U�arakhand

Himachal Pradesh

Manipur

Delhi

Kerala

Karnataka

Meghalaya

Telangana

Odisha

West Bengal

Maharashtra

Mizoram

Madhya Pradesh

Chha�sgarh

Nagaland

Jharkhand

U�ar Pradesh

Haryana

Assam

Andhra Pradesh

Rajasthan

Tripura

Tamil Nadu

Bihar

Punjab

61,133

3,24,611

80,995

71,793

9,62,166

2,44,745

1,97,836

76,276

2,75,409

7,19,740

11,07,573

99,028

7,97,893

6,28,814

10,59,782

18,44,226

57,644

9,90,138

4,61,908

79,114

3,94,879

19,74,249

5,27,027

4,86,313

9,81,418

10,53,872

81,175

12,73,898

9,17,654

4,48,937

28

933

642

125

292

39

341

58

453

1,480

1,223

294

1,123

369

607

3,344

54

863

433

80

81

364

32

689

331

326

32

20

114

0

74,262

1,42,599

2,10,306

64,796

17,56,793

2,24,248

68,074

2,44,272

92,251

18,04,438

28,51,959

2,14,881

5,01,603

14,86,068

28,96,473

45,99,765

2,62,323

31,27,484.30

10,17,653

1,34,948

5,37,917

40,70,745

7,30,765

34,96,956

5,28,849

30,73,975

5,85,437

29,74,101

9,17,654

4,91,463

3,812

2,078

757

295

6,210

645

22

373

1

1,414

3,072

11

0

1,235

1,880

637

100

860

180

0

185

1,311

315

280

30

422

79

590

114

38

1,35,395

4,67,209

2,91,301

1,36,589

27,18,959

4,68,993

2,65,910

3,20,548

3,67,660

25,24,178

39,59,532

3,13,909

12,99,497

21,14,882

39,56,255

64,43,991

3,19,967

41,17,622

14,79,561

2,14,062

9,32,797

60,44,993

12,57,792

39,83,269

15,10,267

41,27,847

6,66,611

42,47,999

18,35,309

9,40,400

3,840

3,012

1,398

420

6,502

684

363

431

454

2,894

4,295

305

1,123

1,604

2,487

3,981

154

1,723

613

80

266

1,674

347

969

361

748

111

610

227

38

2.836%

0.645%

0.480%

0.307%

0.239%

0.146%

0.136%

0.134%

0.123%

0.115%

0.108%

0.097%

0.086%

0.076%

0.063%

0.062%

0.048%

0.042%

0.041%

0.037%

0.029%

0.028%

0.028%

0.024%

0.024%

0.018%

0.017%

0.014%

0.012%

0.004%

25

25

20

15

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

1

3

2

16

7

4

11

23

10

5

6

9

19

20

12

18

17

13

8

27

22

25

24

28

21

29

26

14

15

1

2

3

8

6

4

16

11

20

9

5

14

15

27

7

18

19

12

13

10

23

25

26

29

21

24

22

17

28

2

1

3

5

12

4

18

11

13

7

18

15

18

25

9

10

14

12

6

7

25

25

25

18

18

18

16

18

29

1

-1

0

1

7

-2

11

3

4

-3

7

3

4

10

-7

-7

-4

-7

-14

-14

3

2

1

-7

-8

-9

-12

-11

-1

FIGURE 8 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR STATE EXPENDITURE ON TOURISM

*Revenue Expenditure - incurred in the course of regular business transactions and availed during the same accounting year.**Capital Expenditure - incurred for acquiring a fixed asset or one which results in increasing the earning capacity and is availed in multiple accounting years.Note: Rankings for Andhra Pradesh from 2009 to 2013 include Telangana.Source: RBI - State Finances: A Study of Budgets 2014-15

0

1

-1

12

2

-2

4

15

1

-5

-5

-3

5

5

-4

1

-1

-6

-12

6

0

2

0

3

-5

2

-2

-15

-15


TamilNadu,UttarPradeshandMaharashtrahaveretainedthetopranksintermsoftouristvisitsoverthepastfiveyears.TamilNadu,wellknownforitstempletowns,nationalparks,UNESCOworldheritagesites,hillstationsaswellasstate-of-the-artmedical facilities,aloneaccountedfor25.5%ofthetotal visitations in India in 2014, while Uttar Pradesh

corresponding spend. That being said, heavy rainfall andsubsequent floods in 2014 caused a substantial decline invisitation,especiallybydomestictravellers,andgoingforth,the state will require considerable capital allocation torebuild its infrastructure. Interestingly, Telangana hasachieved the 13�� rank with a tourism spend of 0.086%,whereas, Andhra Pradesh ranks 25��, 12 places behindTelangana, with a meagre tourism spend allocation of0.024%.

Thebiggestmoversthisyeararefromthenortheastpartofthecountry,ManipurandArunachalPradesh,thathaverisen15and12placestoassumethe8��and4��ranks,respectively.Thisiscommendableconsideringthatbothstatessawsteepdeclinesduringthelastsurveyconductedin2013.Evidently,the two states have increased their tourism spendsignificantly,withArunachalPradeshbudgetingfor0.31%ofits totalexpenditure(awhopping675%jumpfrom0.04%recordedinthepreviousedition)andManipurbudgetingfor0.13%ofitstotalexpenditure(aremarkable550%increasefrom0.02%exhibitedinthepreviousedition)towardsthissector in 2014/15. West Bengal and Odisha have alsoascended the ranks by five places each, with the formermovingup10placessince2009,showingasteadygrowthintermsoftourismspendoverthisperiod.Onthedownside,sinceour2013edition,PunjabandBiharhaveparticularlydisplayed disappointing performance as a result of lowtourismspend,eachfalling15placestoranks29��and30��respectively,whileKeralaandKarnatakahavedroppedfiverankseachdue toa lowerpercentageof total expendituredespiteanincreaseintheabsoluteamountoftourismspendover the same period. Maharashtra continues to drop inrankingsfortourismspendwitheacheditionofthissurveyinspiteofhavingthehighesttotalexpenditureallocationinthecountry.

Tourist Visits

Touristvisitationperannumisoneofthebestindicatorsofthestate'sattractivenessandabilitytogeneratetravelandtourismdemand.Onacountrywidelevel,therehasbeenanupwardtrendintouristvisitation.AccordingtotheMinistryofTourism'sIndiaTourismStatistics2014report,thenumberofdomestictravellersin2014(1,282million)registeredanincreaseof11.9%over2013,whereasinternationaltouristvisitswere recordedat 22.6million, an increaseof 13.1%overthepreviousyear.

Our ranking methodology accounts for both internationalanddomestictouristvisitations,withequalweightsgiventoboth. Figure 9 explains the methodology of ranking andFigures 10 and 11 present the overall rankings for thisparameter.

FIGURE 9 - METHODOLOGY FOR TOURIST VISITS

Rank Points

1 to 56 to 10

11 to 1516 to 2021 to 25

Above 25

1086420

Source: State/UT-wise Domestic and Foreign Tourist Visits 2013-2014, MoT, GoI

FIGURE 10 - DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL TOURIST VISITS (2014)

State Interna�onal State RankRankDomes�c

Tamil Nadu

U�ar Pradesh

Karnataka

Maharashtra

Andhra Pradesh

Telangana

Madhya Pradesh

West Bengal

Jharkhand

Rajasthan

Gujarat

Chha�sgarh

Punjab

Delhi

Bihar

U�arakhand

Himachal Pradesh

Haryana

Kerala

Odisha

Assam

Goa

Jammu & Kashmir

Meghalaya

Sikkim

Tripura

Arunachal Pradesh

Manipur

Mizoram

Nagaland

32,75,55,233

18,28,20,108

11,82,83,220

9,41,27,124

9,33,06,974

7,23,99,113

6,36,14,525

4,90,29,590

3,34,27,144

3,30,76,491

3,09,12,043

2,44,88,465

2,42,71,302

2,26,26,859

2,25,44,377

2,19,91,315

1,59,24,701

1,34,42,944

1,16,95,411

1,07,90,622

48,26,702

35,44,634

12,62,442

7,16,469

5,62,418

3,61,247

1,80,964

1,15,499

68,203

58,413

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Tamil Nadu

Maharashtra

U�ar Pradesh

Delhi

Rajasthan

West Bengal

Kerala

Bihar

Karnataka

Haryana

Goa

Himachal Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh

Punjab

Gujarat

Jharkhand

U�arakhand

Jammu & Kashmir

Telangana

Odisha

Andhra Pradesh

Sikkim

Tripura

Assam

Meghalaya

Chha�sgarh

Arunachal Pradesh

Nagaland

Manipur

Mizoram

46,57,630

43,89,098

29,09,735

23,19,046

15,25,574

13,75,740

9,23,366

8,29,508

5,61,870

5,47,367

5,13,592

3,89,699

3,16,195

2,55,449

2,35,524

1,54,731

1,01,966

86,477

75,171

71,426

66,333

49,175

26,688

21,537

8,664

7,777

5,204

3,679

2,769

836

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Domes�c Interna�onal Total

Variance (09-15)

Variance (13-15)

Rank 2009

Rank 2015

Rank 2013

Rank 2011

Points Obtained

10

10

10

10

8

8

6

8

6

10

6

8

6

4

4

8

4

4

4

2

6

2

2

2

2

0

0

0

0

0

10

10

10

8

10

8

10

6

8

2

6

4

6

8

8

4

6

4

4

6

0

4

2

2

2

2

0

0

0

0

20

20

20

18

18

16

16

14

14

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

10

8

8

8

6

6

4

4

4

2

0

0

0

0

Tamil Nadu

U�ar Pradesh

Maharashtra

Karnataka

Rajasthan

West Bengal

Delhi

Madhya Pradesh

Bihar

Andhra Pradesh

Gujarat

Jharkhand

Punjab

Kerala

Haryana

Telangana

Himachal Pradesh

U�arakhand

Odisha

Goa

Chha�sgarh

Jammu & Kashmir

Assam

Meghalaya

Sikkim

Tripura

Arunachal Pradesh

Manipur

Mizoram

Nagaland

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FIGURE 11 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR TOURIST VISITS

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On the contrary, Himachal Pradesh witnessed a downhilljourneydroppingeightplacessincethelastsurveyattributedtothefloodswhichoccurredin2013andresultedincautionamongtouriststravellingtotheregion.

Presence of Branded Hotel Rooms

Thetotalnumberofexistingbrandedhotelroomsinastateisindicativeofthetourismdemandwithinthestateaswellasits economic and business potential. Most hotel projects,prior tobeingdeveloped,undergoanextensiveevaluationstudy,inordertoassessthepotentialoflong-termdemand,growth and economic feasibility. Therefore, one can safelyassumetheretobeacorrelationbetweennumberofbrandedrooms inastateand itsoverall tourismattractivenessandhospitalitycompetitiveness.

continues to be a strong contender primarily due to thevarious tourist attractions located in Agra, Varanasi andSarnath.Overall,thestateaccountedfor14.3%ofthetotaltouristsinthecountryinthepastyear.Finally,Maharashtramuch likeTamilNadu, isan importantgateway into India,possessing a number of commercial hubs and leisuredestinationsthatresultedinitcapturing7.6%oftotaltouristvisitsin2014.

TelanganaandAndhraPradeshhaveachievedthe10��rank,withbothstatesrecordinghighdomesticvisitation.However,upon closer inspection, it is evident that while AndhraPradeshexceedsTelanganaindomestictrafficprimarilyonaccountoftheholypilgrimagecityofTirupatibeinglocatedinthestate,thelocationofHyderabadhelpsTelanganaontheforeignvisitationfront.

Punjabrecordedasurgeinrankingsrisingfiveplacessincethelastsurveyand12placessincethefirsteditionin2009aidedby a strong growth inbothdomestic and foreignvisitationover the years. Furthermore, Haryana and Jharkhand havemovedupbyfiveplaces.Bothstateshavemadenoteworthyprogress since our first survey, risingup the listwith eachedition,mainlyonthebackofincreaseddomesticvisitation.Withbothinternationalanddomestichotelbrandsshowinginterest in thesemarketsandthestategovernments takingproactivestepstoimproveinfrastructure,theduoislikelytomaintainthismomentum.

FIGURE 13 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR PRESENCE OF BRANDED HOTEL ROOMS


Delhi 13,277 1,483 895.28 10 1 1 1 1 0 0Goa 4,909 3,702 132.60 10 2 2 2 2 0 0Haryana 6,252 44,212 14.14 10 3 3 3 4 0 1Kerala 3,300 38,863 8.49 8 4 4 4 3 0 -1Tamil Nadu 9,503 1,30,058 7.31 8 5 5 6 6 0 1Maharashtra 21,570 3,07,713 7.01 8 6 6 5 7 0 1Karnataka 12,759 1,91,791 6.65 6 7 7 7 5 0 -2Telangana 5,875 1,14,840

5.12

6 8Punjab 2,068 50,362 4.11 6 9 8 8 16 -1 7West Bengal 2,721 88,752 3.07 4 10 9 9 11 -1 1Gujarat 5,727 1,96,024 2.92 4 11 11 15 14 0 3U�arakhand 1,289 53,483 2.41 4 12 12 10 8 0 -4Rajasthan 7,328 3,42,239 2.14 2 13 13 13 13 0 0U�ar Pradesh 4,425 2,40,928 1.84 2 14 14 14 17 0 3Andhra Pradesh 1,719 1,60,205 1.07 2 15 10 11 15 -5 0Himachal Pradesh 562 55,673 1.01 0 16 17 16 12 1 -4Tripura 100 10,486 0.95 0 17 16 17 10 -1 -7Sikkim 63 7,096 0.89 0 18 15 12 9 -3 -9Jharkhand 421 79,714 0.53 0 19 18 19 19 -1 0Madhya Pradesh 1,587 3,08,245 0.51 0 20 19 18 18 -1 -2Assam 357 78,438 0.46 0 21 22 21 22 1 1Chha�sgarh 416 1,35,191 0.31 0 22 25 25 25 3 3Jammu & Kashmir 556 2,22,236 0.25 0 23 21 22 21 -2 -2Odisha 282 2,22,236 0.13 0 24 20 20 20 -4 -4Bihar 46 94,163 0.05 0 25 23 23 24 -2 -1Arunachal Pradesh 20 83,743 0.02 0 26 24 24 23 -2 -3Manipur 0 22,327 0.00 0 27 25 25 25 -2 -2Meghalaya 0 22,429 0.00 0 27 25 25 25 -2 -2Mizoram 0 21,081 0.00 0 27 25 25 25 -2 -2

Nagaland 0 16,579 0.00 0 27 25 25 25 -2 -2

Variance (09-15)

Rank 2009

Branded Rooms per 100 Km²

State Area (Km²)

No. of Branded Rooms

Points Obtained

Rank 2015

Rank 2013

Rank 2011

Variance (13-15)

FIGURE 12 - METHODOLOGY FOR PRESENCE OF BRANDED HOTEL ROOMS

Rank Points

1 to 34 to 67 to 9

10 to 1213 to 15

Above 15

1086420


increaseinsupplyby2,787rooms,mostofwhichwereaddedinitscapital,Bengaluru.Telangana'srankingissevenplacesaheadofAndhraPradesh,chieflyonaccountofahighbaseofbrandedroomspresentinHyderabad.

Chhattisgarh, Assam, and Himachal Pradesh are the onlythree states towitness an upwardmovement in rankings,with Chhattisgarh leading the pack; the state has 416brandedhotelroomsasofdatecomparedtozeroin2013.However,inorderforthemtogainpoints,itisessentialthattheyaddasubstantialnumberofbrandedhotelroomsgoingforth. On the contrary, as a result of a slight drop in thebrandedsupply,SikkimandOdishadepictadownwardtrendin rankings, falling by three and four places, respectively,sincethelastedition.

Figures12and13presentourpointallocationcriteriaandranking for thenumberofexistingbrandedrooms ineachstate,respectively.

The top10states in termsof thedensityofbrandedhotelroomsremainmostlythesamebetween2013andthisyear,thoughtheyhaveallshownasignificantincreaseinsupply.Delhiconsistentlyhashadthehighestpenetrationofbrandedroomsper100squarekilometresinthecountry,largelyduetothestatebeingthecapital,amajorgatewayfortravelintoIndia, and an important business destination. The capitalrecorded an increase of 1,938 branded rooms from theprevious survey, predominantly due to the openingof fivehotelsinAerocity,a-first-of-its-kindhospitalitydistrictinthecountry.Goafollowsin2ⁿ�place,drawingonitsreputationasoneofthecountry'sleadingleisuredestinationsthatattractsamultitudeof foreigntouristsprimarily fromEurope,AsiaandtheAmericaseachyear.Haryanaranks3��,mainlyduetoa strong concentration of hotel rooms in Gurgaon.Maharashtra has also shown a tremendous growth inbrandedroomshavingincreasedsupplyby2,706roomsfromthelasteditionofthisreport,whileKarnatakawitnessedan

GSDP* (` in crore)Popula�on

(2011)GSDP Per Capita (`)

Points Obtained

Goa 48,897 14,57,723 3,35,434 10.0 1 1 1 0 0

Delhi 3,91,125 1,67,53,235 2,33,462 10.0 2 2 2 0 0

Sikkim 12,377 6,07,688 2,03,674 10.0 3 3 11 0 8

Haryana 3,88,917 2,53,53,081 1,53,400 10.0 4 4 3 0 -1

Maharashtra 15,10,132 11,23,72,972 1,34,386 10.0 5 5 4 0 -1

Gujarat 7,65,638 6,03,83,628 1,26,796 10.0 6 6 6 0 0

U�arakhand 1,22,897 1,01,16,752 1,21,479 10.0 7 9 10 2 3

Himachal Pradesh 82,585 68,56,509 1,20,448 10.0 8 10 9 2 1

Kerala 3,96,282 3,33,87,677 1,18,691 10.0 9 7 7 -2 -2

Tamil Nadu 8,54,238 7,21,38,958 1,18,416 10.0 10 11 8 1 -2

Punjab 3,17,556 2,77,04,236 1,14,624 10.0 11 8 5 -3 -6

Telangana 3,91,751 3,52,86,757 1,11,019 10.0 12

Karnataka 6,14,607 6,11,30,704 1,00,540 10.0 13 14 13 1 0

Arunachal Pradesh 13,545 13,82,611 97,967 7.5 14 12 14 -2 0

Mizoram 10,297 10,91,014 94,380 7.5 15 15 15 0 0

Andhra Pradesh 4,64,184 4,93,86,799 93,989 7.5 16 13 12 -3 -4

Nagaland 17,749 19,80,602 89,614 7.5 17 16 21 -1 4

West Bengal 7,06,561 9,13,47,736 77,348 7.5 18 18 16 0 -2

Rajasthan 5,17,615 6,86,21,012 75,431 7.5 19 17 22 -2 3

Meghalaya 21,922 29,64,007 73,961 5.0 20 20 18 0 -2

Tripura 26,810 36,71,032 73,031 5.0 21 21 19 0 -2

Chha�sgarh 1,85,682 2,55,40,196 72,702 5.0 22 19 17 -3 -5

Jammu & Kashmir 87,570 1,25,48,926 69,783 5.0 23 22 23 -1 0

Odisha 2,72,980 4,19,47,358 65,077 5.0 24 23 20 -1 -4

Madhya Pradesh 4,34,730 7,25,97,565 59,882 5.0 25 25 26 0 1

Manipur 14,324 27,21,756 52,628 5.0 26 27 25 1 -1

Jharkhand 1,72,773 3,29,66,238 52,409 5.0 27 24 24 -3 -3

Assam 1,59,460 3,11,69,272 51,159 5.0 28 26 27 -2 -1

U�ar Pradesh 8,62,746 19,95,81,477 43,228 2.5 29 28 28 -1 -1

Bihar 3,43,663 10,38,04,637 33,107 2.5 30 29 29 -1 -1

Average 3,40,320 4,02,29,072 1,05,602

Rank 2015

Rank 2013

Variance (13-15)

Variance (11-15)

Rank 2011

FIGURE 15 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR GSDP PER CAPITA

*GSDP of 2013-14 at Current PricesNote: Rankings for Andhra Pradesh from 2009 to 2013 include Telangana.Source: Census of India 2011 and NITI Aayog, Government of India

FIGURE 14 - METHODOLOGY FOR GSDP PER CAPITA

Rank Points

Above 99,99975,000 to 99,99950,000 to 74,99925,000 to 49,999

10.07.55.02.5


witnessedaslumpinrankingsdroppingtwotothreeplaces,chieflyduetohighergrowthsinGSDPpercapitarecordedbyother competitive states. Uttar Pradesh still lags in thisparameterinthe29��placedespitehavingthesecondhighestabsolute GSDP in the country, owing to the burgeoningpopulationinthestate.

Additionally,thefactthat60%ofthesamplestates,includingKarnataka,AndhraPradesh,WestBengalandRajasthanhaveaGSDPpercapitathatislowerthanthestate-wideaveragedraws attention to the relatively lower standard of living,pace of growth of the economy and productivity in thesestatescomparedtotherestofthecountry.

GSDP Per Capita

GrossStateDomesticProduct(GSDP)isamajorindicatoroftheeconomicwell-beingofastate.Inmonetaryterms,GSDPisameasureofthevolumeofgoodsandservicesproducedwithinastate,annually.Indifficulteconomicconditions,theTravel and Tourism industry is typically the first to getaffectedandthelasttorecover.Thus,GSDPpercapitawasintroducedasarankingparameterin2011andcontinuestobeoneofthefundamentalsforourcomparison.

Figures14and15illustrateourpointallocationmethodologyand the ranking of the states based on GSDP per capita,respectively.

Goa, Delhi and Sikkim continue tomaintain the top threepositions within this parameter, while up by two ranks,Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand have seen notableimprovements since the last surveydue to theirGSDPpercapitahavinggrownby29.4%and30.5%,respectively,overthisperiod.Conversely,Kerala,Punjab,ArunachalPradesh,Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand

FIGURE 16 - METHODOLOGY FOR EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING

Rank Points

1 to 34 to 67 to 9

10 to 1213 to 15

Above 15

1086420

Bihar

Kerala

Maharashtra

Delhi

Goa

Madhya Pradesh

Gujarat

Telangana

Karnataka

Andhra Pradesh

Rajasthan

Tamil Nadu

Mizoram

Jammu & Kashmir

U�arakhand

West Bengal

Sikkim

Meghalaya

Haryana

Odisha

Chha�sgarh

U�ar Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh

Punjab

Jharkhand

Manipur

Nagaland*

Assam

Tripura

bstdc.bih.nic.in

keralatourism.org

maharashtratourism.gov.in

delhitourism.gov.in/delhitourism/index.jsp

goa-tourism.com

mptourism.com

gujara�ourism.com

telanganatourism.gov.in

karnatakaholidays.net

aptdc.gov.in

rajasthantourism.gov.in

tamilnadutourism.org

tourism.mizoram.gov.in

jktourism.org

u�arakhandtourism.gov.in

westbengaltourism.gov.in

sikkimtourism.gov.in

megtourism.gov.in

haryanatourism.gov.in

orissatourism.gov.in

chha�sgarhtourism.net

up-tourism.com

arunachaltourism.com

himachaltourism.gov.in

punjabtourism.gov.in

jharkhandtourism.in

manipur.nic.in/tourism.htm

tourismnagaland.com

assamtourism.org

tripuratourism.nic.in

16,767

51,418

82,550

82,658

1,30,162

1,40,784

1,44,754

1,57,604

1,75,396

1,86,316

2,18,964

2,28,665

2,32,735

2,91,812

2,95,943

3,02,219

4,22,199

4,67,991

4,82,014

5,27,254

7,90,857

9,00,325

9,16,232

14,51,118

15,05,685

16,05,895

17,33,361

21,64,610

1,09,64,844

1,27,48,974

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Variance (09-15)Official Website

Variance (13-15)

Rank 2011

Rank 2013

Rank 2015

Points Obtained

Alexa Overall Ranking

Rank 2009

FIGURE 17 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING

*Recent data for tourismnagaland.com is not available. The last available data has been used for this website.Note: Rankings for Andhra Pradesh from 2009 to 2013 include Telangana.Source: Alexa.com August 2015

Average

Incredible India incredibleindia.org13,14,004

63,701


as those areas with a municipality corporation, having aminimum population of 5,000 people and a populationdensityofaminimumof400peoplepersquarekilometrewhere at least 75% of the male working population isengagedinactivitiesoutsideagriculture.

The figures for this parameter have been drawn from themostrecentCensusofIndiain2011,andhencetherankingsremainunalteredfromthelasteditionofthissurvey,exceptforthechangesowingtotheinclusionofTelangana.

Figures18and19presentapercentage-wise listingof theurban population of each state along with our rankingmethodology,respectively.

Effectiveness of Marketing Campaign

DestinationmarketingplaysakeyroleinthepromotionofTravelandTourismwithinastate.Eachstateinthecountryhasitsowntourismdepartmentwhichhelpsstrategiseanddevelopanappropriatemarketingconceptinordertoattractvisitorstoadestination,serviceorfacilitywithinthestate.However,asmarketingcoversmultiplestrategies,wehavelimited our focus to the assessment of the state tourismwebsites. This is under the premise that tourists areincreasinglyrelyingonthe internet formakingtheirtravelchoices and awell-designed tourismwebsite cannot onlypromoteadestinationeffectivelybutalsooffertherequiredinformationtoaidplanningandboostvisitationtothestate.

Therefore, in analysing the effectiveness of each state'smarketing campaign, we have appraised their tourismwebsitesbasedonthevolumeoftraffictheyhavereceived.For our rankings, we have used Alexa.com, a subsidiarycompanyofAmazon.com,whichtrackstrafficonallwebsitesand is considered an international benchmark forwebsiteratings.

Figure 16 illustrates ourmethodology for point allocationandFigure17presentstheAlexarankingof the individualstate tourism websites and accordingly our comparativerankingbasedonthiscriterion.

Incredible India, the country's official tourism campaignwebsite has recorded a downward movement from rank59,339in2013to63,701in2015.Althoughthecampaign,overall,hasgeneratedsignificantglobal inbound travel forthe country and its respective states, and is considerablyactive in termsof content,which includesbookingof tourpackages, audio tours, visa applications, travel and staybooking facilities, the drop indicates that the governmentneedstorevampit inordertostaycompetitiveandbetterpromotetourismbothinsideandoutsidethecountry.

Biharcontinuestoholdontoitsnumberonepositionamongthe30states,primarilyduetheinterestitgarnersbyvirtueofbeinganimportantdestinationforBuddhism,housingsitessuch as Bodhgaya, Nalanda, Kesari and others. Kerala toomaintainsits2ⁿ�ranksincethelastsurvey,drawinguponitsstrong tourism campaign. Furthermore, Goa andMizoramhavebothascendedthelistby13rankseachsincethefirsteditionofthesurveywhilstmovingupthree-fourplacessince2013, showcasing a major improvement in their statetourismwebsites. In themeantime, Chhattisgarh, keepingpacewithitsincreaseinrankingacrossotherparameters,hasalsoprogressedwithrespecttothiscriterionbyrisingfourplaces this year. In contrast, Himachal Pradesh and UttarPradeshhaverecordedaslumpinrankingsdroppingby16andeightplaces,respectively.

Urbanisation

Urbanisationisdefinedastheshiftfromtraditionalorruraleconomiestomodernandindustrialones.Italsoemphasisesthetransformationofapredominantlyruralpopulationtoanurbanone.The1961censussetouttodefine'urban'inIndia

FIGURE 18 - METHODOLOGY FOR URBANISATION

Rank Points

Above 79.9%65.0% to 79.9%50.0% to 64.9%35.0% to 49.9%20.0% to 34.9% Below 20.0%

1086420

Total Popula�on Urban Popula�onAs a % of total

popula�onPoints

ObtainedRank 2015

Delhi

Goa

Mizoram

Tamil Nadu

Kerala

Maharashtra

Gujarat

Karnataka

Telangana

Punjab

Haryana

West Bengal

U�arakhand

Manipur

Andhra Pradesh

Nagaland

Madhya Pradesh

Jammu & Kashmir

Tripura

Sikkim

Rajasthan

Jharkhand

Chha�sgarh

Arunachal Pradesh

U�ar Pradesh

Meghalaya

Odisha

Assam

Bihar

Himachal Pradesh

1,67,53,235

14,57,723

10,91,014

7,21,38,958

3,33,87,677

11,23,72,972

6,03,83,628

6,11,30,704

3,52,86,757

2,77,04,236

2,53,53,081

9,13,47,736

1,01,16,752

27,21,756

4,93,86,799

19,80,602

7,25,97,565

1,25,48,926

36,71,032

6,07,688

6,86,21,012

3,29,66,238

2,55,40,196

13,82,611

19,95,81,477

29,64,007

4,19,47,358

3,11,69,272

10,38,04,637

68,56,509

1,63,33,916

9,06,309

5,61,977

3,49,49,729

1,59,32,171

5,08,27,531

2,57,12,811

2,35,78,175

1,36,09,000

1,03,87,436

88,21,588

2,91,34,060

30,91,169

8,22,132

1,46,10,410

5,73,741

2,00,59,666

34,14,106

9,60,981

1,51,726

1,70,80,776

79,29,292

59,36,538

3,13,446

4,44,70,455

5,95,036

69,96,124

43,88,756

1,17,29,609

6,88,704

10

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97.5%

62.2%

51.5%

48.4%

47.7%

45.2%

42.6%

38.6%

38.6%

37.5%

34.8%

31.9%

30.6%

30.2%

29.6%

29.0%

27.6%

27.2%

26.2%

25.0%

24.9%

24.1%

23.2%

22.7%

22.3%

20.1%

16.7%

14.1%

11.3%

10.0%

1

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FIGURE 19 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR URBANISATION

Source: Census of India 2011, Telangana State Portal and Andhra Pradesh State Portal

Delhiisthemosturbanisedstateincountry,withalmost98%of its population being urban, followed by Goawith 62%.Overall, thecountry'surbanpopulationhas increasedbyadecadalgrowthrateof31.8%,outpacing theruraldecadalgrowth rate of 12.3%. Looking at absolute numbers,Maharashtraranksthehighestwithanurbanpopulationof50.8millionpeople,whichaccountsalmost14%of India'surban population. On the other hand, Himachal Pradesh,


Acrossthreeconsecutivesurveys,Delhihasemergedastheoverall leader inboth roadwayand railway infrastructure;Punjabalsoretainsrankone,similartothatobtainedin2013.Jharkhandhasclimbedfourplacessincethelastsurveyonaccount of a significant increase in its rail infrastructure,whereasHimachalPradeshhasdroppedbyfourranksduetoonly a marginal growth in its rail networks between thesurveyperiods.HimachalPradesh'sdescenthasbeenfurtheraugmented by an increase in the rankings of competitorstates.Similarly,Rajasthanhasdroppedbythreeranksasaresultofnegligibleexpansionofitsroadinfrastructure.

Aircraft Movement

Aviationisamajormodeoftransportinthecountrytoday,particularlywiththeadventoflowfare-nofrillmodelsinthepast decade. A strong economic growth, coupledwith theaspirationsofarisingmiddleclass,hasdriventhesectorto

Bihar,AssamandOdishaareamongtheleasturbanisedstateswithover80%oftheirpopulationstillcategorisedasrural.

ItisimportanttohighlightthatalthoughMizoramranks3��outofthe30states,itisaninaccuraterepresentation,asthemajorityofitspopulationisconcentratedinandaroundonlya few citieswhile the rest of the state ismainly hills andvalleys. Additionally, with Hyderabad, the fourth mostpopulousurbanagglomerationbeing located inTelangana,thenewlyformedstate issixranksaheadof itsneighbour,AndhraPradesh.

Road and Rail Infrastructure

TravelandTourismiscloselylinkedtotransportpoliciesandinfrastructuredevelopment.InIndia,amajorchunkoftouristmovement is domestic in nature and, therefore, dependsheavilyonroadwaysandrailwaysasmodesoftransportation.Despitethecountryhavingamongthelargestroadandrailnetworks in theworld, its infrastructural growth in theseareashasnotbeenabletomatchdemand,leadingtocapacityconstraints.Moreover, infrastructuredevelopmenthasalsofacedmultipleroadblocks,suchasfunding,landacquisitionissues, delays in identification and awarding of projects,securing of environmental clearances and skilled labourshortages.

To suitably compare the states against this parameter,wehavetakenintoaccountthetotalroadlength(surfacedroad)andtotalrailwayroutelengthper100squarekilometresofareawithinthestate.Figures20-23presentthesecriteria.

FIGURE 20 - METHODOLOGY FOR ROAD AND RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE

Rank Points

1 to 56 to 10

11 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 25

Above 25

543210

Road Length per 100 Km²of area (Km)State

Rank 2015

Points Obtained

DelhiKeralaGoaPunjabTripuraTamil NaduMaharashtraU�ar PradeshWest BengalNagalandKarnatakaHaryanaSikkimAndhra PradeshGujaratHimachal PradeshAssamU�arakhandBiharRajasthanChha�sgarhMadhya PradeshManipurMizoramOdishaJharkhandMeghalayaArunachal PradeshTelanganaJammu & Kashmir

1,570.7339.3219.7173.9168.9150.0143.1142.3142.0112.4104.587.981.477.076.272.272.067.462.559.951.250.449.240.438.837.135.824.423.413.8

123456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930

555554444433333222221111100000

FIGURE 21 - ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE

Source: Basic Road Statistics of India 2012-13, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of IndiaRoads and Buildings Department, Government of TelanganaInfrastructure Mission Statement, Energy, Infrastructure and Investment Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh Economic Survey 2014-15, Government of BiharEconomic Review 2014-15, Government of RajasthanEconomic Survey 2013-14, Government of Odisha

Railway Length per 100 Km²of area (Km)State

Rank 2015

Points Obtained

DelhiWest BengalBiharJharkhandPunjabHaryanaU�ar PradeshKeralaTamil NaduAssamAndhra PradeshGujaratMaharashtraOdishaMadhya PradeshGoaKarnatakaTelanganaRajasthanChha�sgarhTripuraU�arakhandHimachal PradeshJammu & KashmirNagalandArunachal PradeshMizoramManipurMeghalayaSikkim

47.111.57.27.16.86.86.25.24.84.54.43.83.63.13.02.62.62.52.51.91.81.00.60.20.10.00.00.00.00.0

123456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282929

555554444433333222221111100000

FIGURE 22 - RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE

Source: Indian Railways Statistical Publications 2013-14, Ministry of Railways (Railway Board)


airportsinthecountry,whichtogetheraccountfor42.9%ofthe total aircraft movements across India. Out of the topthree, Maharashtra accounts for the maximum aircraftmovementcapturing21%ofthetotal.

West Bengal obtained the 5�� rank this year acting as themajorentrypointforthenortheasternstates.Notably,UttarPradeshhasalsorisentwoplacesinthisyear'ssurveyafterhavingretainedastablerankfrom2009to2013.Telanganaranks 6��, largely as a result of a high number of aircraftmovements recorded at Hyderabad's Rajiv GandhiInternational Airport and consequently, Andhra Pradesh,whichisnowdevoidofanymajorairport,hasfallen10placesfromrank5inthelasteditiontorank15thisyear.

Literacy Rate

Literacyratesareanimportantindicatorofsocialmobilityanddevelopmentwithinastate.WithrespecttoTravelandTourism, literacy has an indirect impact. For that reasonalone, we have attributed less weightage (5%) to thisparameter.

Figures26and27presentourrankingmethodologyalongwiththerankingofthestates,respectively.Theliteracyrateshavebeendrawnfromthe lastCensuscarriedout inIndia(2011),whichisadecadalexercise.Therefore,resultsinourranking remain unchanged from the last edition of thissurvey, except for movements caused by the inclusion ofTelangana.

newheights;Indianaviationisexpectedtobecomethethirdlargest aviation market globally by 2020. It carried 67.4million domestic passengers during 2014, having grown9.7% year-on-year, as per the Directorate General of CivilAviation(DGCA).

Multiple factors come to play when airlines decidewhichterminalsorairportstoflyto.TheseincludeAviationTurbineFuel(ATF)charges,taxesonATFcharges(whichadd30-40%onanaverage to theairline's total operating cost), costofcapital,airportparkingcharges,andlabourlawstonameafew.Therefore,thetotalaircraftmovementisreflectiveofallthefactorsthatanairlinewouldtakeintoconsiderationinitsdecision-makingprocess for flying certain routes, and is agood indicatorofoverallairport infrastructure.Figures24and 25 illustrate the aircraftmovement across states andpresent our scoring methodology and rankings for thisparameter,respectively.

Maharashtra, Delhi and Tamil Nadu remain the top threedestinations for aircraft movements since 2009; this isprimarilyattributedtothestatespossessingthethreemajor

Road Rail Total

Variance (11-15)

Points ObtainedRank 2015

Rank 2013

Variance (13-15)

Rank 2011

Delhi

Punjab

West Bengal

Kerala

U�ar Pradesh

Tamil Nadu

Bihar

Goa

Maharashtra

Haryana

Assam

Tripura

Andhra Pradesh

Gujarat

Karnataka

Jharkhand

Nagaland

Odisha

Madhya Pradesh

Rajasthan

Himachal Pradesh

U�arakhand

Chha�sgarh

Sikkim

Telangana

Manipur

Jammu & Kashmir

Mizoram

Arunachal Pradesh

Meghalaya

5

5

4

5

4

4

2

5

4

3

2

5

3

3

3

0

4

1

1

2

2

2

1

3

0

1

0

1

0

0

5

5

5

4

4

4

5

2

3

4

4

1

3

3

2

5

1

3

3

2

1

1

2

0

2

0

1

0

0

0

10

10

9

9

8

8

7

7

7

7

6

6

6

6

5

5

5

4

4

4

3

3

3

3

2

1

1

1

0

0

1

1

3

3

5

5

7

7

7

7

11

11

11

11

15

15

15

18

18

18

21

21

21

21

25

26

26

26

29

29

1

1

3

3

3

6

6

6

9

9

13

9

15

9

13

19

17

19

19

15

17

19

19

24

26

26

24

28

28

1

2

6

2

2

2

6

6

12

6

12

11

12

6

12

19

17

23

19

16

19

19

17

25

25

25

23

29

25

0

0

0

0

-2

1

-1

-1

2

2

2

-2

4

-2

-2

4

2

1

1

-3

-4

-2

-2

3

0

0

-2

-1

-1

FIGURE 23 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR ROAD AND RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE


0

1

3

-1

-3

-3

-1

-1

5

-1

1

0

1

-5

-3

4

2

5

1

-2

-2

-2

-4

4

-1

-1

-3

0

-4

Maharashtra

Delhi

Tamil Nadu

Karnataka

West Bengal

Telangana

Kerala

Gujarat

Goa

Assam

U�ar Pradesh

Rajasthan

Jammu & Kashmir

Madhya Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh

Bihar

Odisha

Punjab

Chha�sgarh

Jharkhand

Tripura

U�arakhand

Manipur

Haryana

Himachal Pradesh

Meghalaya

Arunachal Pradesh

Mizoram

Nagaland

Sikkim

3,21,399

3,00,889

1,57,490

1,44,989

1,07,253

94,057

92,702

47,765

33,422

30,863

28,550

28,510

28,355

19,746

14,430

12,695

12,512

9,410

8,425

7,642

7,612

4,840

4,803

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

10

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

1

2

3

4

6

7

8

11

9

13

12

10

14

5

16

15

18

17

21

19

22

20

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

1

2

3

4

5

7

8

10

9

13

11

12

14

6

16

15

17

19

20

21

21

18

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

1

2

3

4

6

7

8

11

9

13

10

12

14

5

19

15

17

18

21

16

22

20

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

2

-1

2

0

-3

0

-10

0

-2

0

-2

1

-2

0

-3

-2

-2

-2

-2

-2

-2

-2

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

2

-1

2

-2

-1

0

-10

3

-2

-1

-1

1

-5

0

-3

-2

-2

-2

-2

-2

-2

-2

Total Aircra� Movement*

Points Obtained

Rank 2015

Rank 2013

Rank 2011

Rank 2009

Variance (13-15)

Variance (09-15)

FIGURE 25 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT

*Denotes number of take-offs and landings (one flight constitutes two movements).Note: Rankings for Andhra Pradesh from 2009 to 2013 include Telangana.Source: Airports Authority of India (Traffic News - Annexure IIC), 2015 (Data from Apr-14 to Mar-15)

FIGURE 24 - METHODOLOGY FOR AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT

Rank Points

Above 199,999150,000 to 199,999100,000 to 149,999

50,000 to 99,999Below 50,000No Movement

1086420


Inlinewiththisgoal,duringtheMakeinIndiaworkshopheldinDecember2014,stategovernmentsdecidedona98-pointagenda for implementing business reforms. These actionpointsweremainly targeted at building transparency andimproving the efficiency and effectiveness of variousgovernment regulatory functions and services for doingbusiness.Anevaluationwascarriedouttoassessthereformsundertakenacross states from1 January2015 till30 June2015inthefollowingeightareas:(i)settingupabusiness;(ii)allotmentoflandandobtainingaconstructionpermit;(iii)complyingwith environmental procedures; (iv) complyingwithlabourregulations;(v)obtaininginfrastructurerelatedutilities;(vi)registeringandcomplyingwithtaxprocedures;(vii)carryingoutinspections;and(viii)enforcingcontracts.

Figures28and29presentourrankingmethodologyandthe

FIGURE 26 - METHODOLOGY FOR LITERACY RATE

Rank Points

1 to 56 to 10

11 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 25

Above 25

543210

FIGURE 27 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR LITERACY RATE

Literacy Rate

Points Obtained

Rank 2015

KeralaMizoramTripuraGoaDelhiHimachal PradeshMaharashtraSikkimTamil NaduNagalandManipurU�arakhandGujaratWest BengalPunjabHaryanaKarnatakaMeghalayaOdishaAssamChha�sgarhMadhya PradeshU�ar PradeshJammu & KashmirJharkhandAndhra PradeshRajasthanArunachal PradeshTelanganaBihar

93.9%91.6%87.8%87.4%86.3%83.8%82.9%82.2%80.3%80.1%79.9%79.6%79.3%77.1%76.7%76.6%75.6%75.5%73.5%73.2%71.0%70.6%69.7%68.7%67.6%67.4%67.1%67.0%66.5%63.8%

555554444433333222221111100000

123456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930

Source: Census of India 2011

Over the last decade, there has been a considerableimprovementintheliteracyrateacrossthecountry,withtheliterate population of India constituting 74% of the totalpopulationin2011.Keralaleadsthestatesintermsofliteracylevelsinthecountry,havingwitnessedadecadalincreaseof3.1%since2001.Bihar,thoughrankingthelowestamongallIndianstates,hasshownamajorincreaseinliteracyratefrom47.5%in2001to63.8%in2011.

Ease of Doing Business

In 2014, the central government announced its aim toimprove India's rank in theWorldBank-led “easeofdoingbusinessindex”fromthe134��positiontothe50��position.Ease of doing business has been a sore point for long,considering the high barriers to entry and cumbersomeproceduresrequiredforobtainingapprovalsandclearancesin the country. In fact, for hotels aswell, each state has adifferentsetoflicensestotallingtoabouta100insomecases!

FIGURE 28 - METHODOLOGY FOR EASE OF DOING BUSINESS

Rank Points

1 to 56 to 10

11 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 25

Above 25

1086420

Rank 2015

Gujarat

Andhra Pradesh

Jharkhand

Chha�sgarh

Madhya Pradesh

Rajasthan

Odisha

Maharashtra

Karnataka

U�ar Pradesh

West Bengal

Tamil Nadu

Telangana

Haryana

Delhi

Punjab

Himachal Pradesh

Kerala

Goa

Bihar

Assam

U�arakhand

Tripura

Sikkim

Mizoram

Jammu & Kashmir

Meghalaya

Nagaland

Arunachal Pradesh

Manipur

Ease of Doing Business Score

Points Obtained

71.1%

70.1%

63.1%

62.5%

62.0%

61.0%

52.1%

49.4%

48.5%

47.4%

46.9%

44.6%

42.5%

40.7%

37.4%

36.7%

24.0%

22.9%

21.7%

16.4%

14.8%

13.4%

9.3%

7.2%

6.4%

5.9%

4.4%

3.4%

1.2%

-

10

10

10

10

10

8

8

8

8

8

6

6

6

6

6

4

4

4

4

4

2

2

2

2

2

0

0

0

0

-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

-

FIGURE 29 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR EASE OF DOING BUSINESS

Note: Visits were not conducted in Manipur due to prevailing conditions in the state.Source: Assessment of State Implementation of Business Reforms, Make in India, World Bank Group, KPMG, CII & FICCI, September 2015


The Top Five

Maharashtraranks1��inthisyear'ssurveymovinguponepositionfromthepreviousedition.Thestatebenefitsfromastrongeconomy,goodinfrastructure,presenceofasizeablequantumofbrandedhotelroomsandavarietyofdemandgeneratorstooccupytheserooms.Inlinewiththesefactors,Maharashtrahasrecordedperfectscoresinfourparameters–touristvisits,GSDPpercapita,effectivenessofmarketingcampaign and aircraft movement. The state has in factperformed well across all other parameters too, with theexception of its expenditure on tourism. As highlightedearlier, its tourism spend as a portion of the total stateexpendituredroppedfrom0.09%in2013to0.06%thisyear.Thisinouropinionisperhapsaconflictingtrendconsideringthe central government's increased focus on tourismespeciallyoverthepastoneyear.

Delhislipstoranktwothisyear.Delhi'sadvantageliesinitbeingthecapital,amajorportofentryandexittothecountry,and an important business destination. The highestconcentrationofbrandedhotelroomspersquarekilometreis a testament to Delhi serving as a key leisure andcommercial destination in the country. The state hasachievedfullscoresinsixoutofthe12parameters.Excellentinfrastructurewiththehighestroadandraillengthper100

resultsofthisassessment,respectively. ItistobenotedthatthecurrentassessmentexcludesManipur.

Gujaratisthefrontrunnerinthisparameterwithaneaseofdoingbusinessscoreof71.1%,depictiveofthepercentageofoverall implementation of the 98-point agenda. The stategovernmenthasinstitutionalisedanonlinesystemforVAT,CSTandProfessionalTaxrelatedservicesandalsomandatesthat VAT and Professional Tax registration certificates beissuedwithinoneworkingday. Ithasadditionallysetupasinglewindowportalforinvestorfacilitation,whichprovidesdetails and timelines for different services across variousdepartmentsofthegovernment.

AndhraPradesh,despiteitsseparationfromTelanganaisatranktwo.Investorsinthestatebenefitfromanonlinesinglewindowportalwithclearlydefinedtimelinesforapplicationfiling, tracking and approvals, which speeds up the entireprocess. Similar to Gujarat, the state has implemented anonlinesystemforregistrationsandreturnfilingunderVATandotherStatetaxes.

Onthedownside,Nagalandranks28��withmosttaxrelatedprocedures being considerably automated but the singlewindowsystemstillunderdevelopment,evenasArunachalPradeshranks29��,scoringonly1.2%inthisparameter,withonlycomputerisationofcommercialtaxhavingbeenpartiallycarriedout.

Intangible Aspects

In this final parameter we aim to capture the intangibleaspectsthatsupportorhinderTravelandTourismineachstate.Inordertorestricttheimpactofsubjectiveassessment,wehavegiventhisparametera15%weightage.Thethreekeyfactors that shapedour decision to gauge these intangibleaspects include (i) Safety and Security (law and orderconditionsandsafety);(ii)HumanResources(availabilityofqualified human resources for Travel and Tourism); and(iii) Political Stability (tenure of the ruling party, anddevelopmentpoliciesofthecurrentgovernment).

Figure30presentsourassessmentoftheintangibleaspectsforallstates.

AsevidentfromFigure30,MaharashtraandTamilNaduhaveemergedasfrontrunnerswithrespecttointangibleaspects,owingtostablestategovernments,perceivedsecuritybeingrelativelyhighwhencomparedtootherstates,andastronghumanresourcetalentpool.

On the other hand, Bihar has been ranked last in theintangibleaspect.Perceivedlackoflawandorder,alarminglylowstatisticsforurbanisationandliteracyandconsequentlya limited pool of quality human resource, and a volatilegovernmenthaveresultedinitspoorperformance.

Consolidated Rankings

Figure 31, overleaf, presents the consolidated rankingsacrossparameters.

FIGURE 30 - POINT ALLOCATION FOR INTANGIBLE ASPECTS

HR(5)

Poli�cal Stability (5)

Rank 2015

Maharashtra

Tamil Nadu

Gujarat

Rajasthan

Delhi

Goa

Karnataka

Punjab

Himachal Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh

Haryana

Telangana

Sikkim

Odisha

Tripura

Kerala

U�arakhand

West Bengal

Assam

U�ar Pradesh

Manipur

Jharkhand

Mizoram

Chha�sgarh

Jammu & Kashmir

Nagaland

Arunachal Pradesh

Meghalaya

Bihar

14

14

13

13

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

11

11

10

10

10

10

10

10

9

9

9

9

8

8

8

8

6

4

4

4

5

2

3

3

3

5

4

4

3

4

3

3

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

3

4

2

2

4

3

4

2

5

5

5

4

5

5

4

5

4

4

5

5

4

5

5

5

3

4

3

5

4

5

4

4

5

3

3

3

3

3

5

5

4

4

5

4

5

4

3

4

3

4

4

3

3

1

3

2

3

2

3

1

2

1

2

3

1

2

1

1

1

1

3

3

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

14

14

16

16

16

16

16

16

22

22

22

22

26

26

26

26

30

Source: HVS Research

Security(5)

Points Obtained


No

te: R

an

kin

gs

for

An

dh

ra P

rad

esh

fro

m 2

00

9 t

o 2

01

3 in

clu

de

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ng

an

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rce:

HV

S R

esea

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20

.08

.01

0.0

10

.04

.07

.01

0.0

4.0

8.0

14

.01

15

.0

16

.01

0.0

10

.08

.01

0.0

10

.01

0.0

5.0

6.0

12

.01

14

.0

8.0

10

.01

0.0

8.0

6.0

7.0

2.0

5.0

4.0

12

.01

07

.0

18

.06

.01

0.0

6.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

2.0

8.0

12

.01

02

.0

20

.08

.01

0.0

4.0

4.0

8.0

8.0

4.0

6.0

14

.09

8.0

12

.04

.01

0.0

6.0

4.0

6.0

2.0

3.0

10

.01

3.0

98

.0

12

.08

.01

0.0

10

.04

.09

.04

.05

.04

.01

0.0

97

.0

4.0

0.0

10

.00

.02

.03

.00

.04

.02

.01

1.0

86

.0

12

.06

.01

0.0

0.0

4.0

10

.02

.03

.04

.01

2.0

86

.0

12

.06

.01

0.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

4.0

0.0

6.0

12

.08

5.0

16

.04

.07

.50

.02

.09

.06

.03

.06

.01

0.0

83

.5

20

.02

.02

.50

.02

.08

.02

.01

.08

.01

0.0

81

.5

12

.01

0.0

10

.00

.02

.07

.00

.02

.06

.01

2.0

81

.0

12

.02

.07

.54

.02

.06

.02

.00

.01

0.0

12

.08

0.5

18

.02

.07

.54

.02

.04

.02

.00

.08

.01

3.0

80

.5

14

.00

.05

.08

.02

.04

.02

.01

.01

0.0

12

.07

8.0

6.0

0.0

5.0

2.0

2.0

1.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

8.0

77

.0

8.0

4.0

10

.02

.02

.03

.02

.03

.02

.01

0.0

71

.0

8.0

0.0

5.0

0.0

0.0

4.0

2.0

2.0

8.0

11

.07

0.0

14

.00

.02

.51

0.0

0.0

7.0

2.0

0.0

4.0

6.0

65

.5

10

.00

.01

0.0

0.0

0.0

3.0

0.0

4.0

4.0

12

.06

4.0

0.0

0.0

7.5

2.0

6.0

1.0

0.0

5.0

2.0

9.0

62

.5

12

.00

.05

.00

.02

.05

.02

.01

.01

0.0

9.0

62

.0

0.0

0.0

7.5

0.0

2.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

8.0

57

.5

0.0

0.0

5.0

0.0

2.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

0.0

9.0

57

.0

0.0

0.0

7.5

0.0

2.0

5.0

0.0

4.0

0.0

8.0

56

.5

6.0

0.0

5.0

0.0

2.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

10

.09

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acrosstheothercriteria.Historicallyassociatedwithmainlyindustrialisation, the state has been making a consciousefforttoattracttourists.Increasedexpenditureontourism,particularly on the capital expenditure side, a marketingcampaign titled 'Khusboo Gujarat ki', the SabarmatiRiverfrontDevelopmentProjectinAhmedabad,andadditionofover1,100roomstoitsbrandedinventoryareallperceivedtobestepsinthatdirection.

Tiedinfor5��place,TamilNaduhasachievedaperfectscoreintotalnumberoftouristvisitsasinGSDPpercapita.TamilNadu is known for itsmedical tourism,which generates ahigh number of domestic and foreign visitations.Additionally,thestateiswellpositionedtoenhancetourismconsidering the presence of several beaches, temples andculturecentres.Ontheflipside,thestateranksamongstthebottom three in terms of state expenditure on tourism,allocating only a miniscule amount of the total stateexpendituretowardthissector.

Biggest Movers

Figures32and33presentthebiggestmoversoverasix-yearandatwo-yearperiod,respectively.

squarekilometres,coupledwiththelargestairportinIndiahashelpedthestatetoperformbetterthanitscounterparts.However, the state has recorded a relatively low score intermsof luxury taxonhotel rooms,whichcontinues tobeleviedonpublishedtariff.Moreover,thetaxpercentagehasalsoseenanincreasesince2013.Additionally,Delhi'sstateexpenditureontourismwhenviewedinabsoluteamounts,despiteanincreasesince2013,stilllagsbehindstatessuchasJammu&Kashmir,Goa,andGujarat,amongothers.Thelackofasinglewindowportalintermsofeaseofdoingbusinesshas also caused the state to score relatively low in thatparameter. Furthermore, while the intangible aspect ofsecurityhasseenamarginalenhancement, it continues toserveasadeterrentforthestate.

Goaranks3��thisyear,displayingsimilarperformanceasinthe previous survey. One of the country's most populartouristdestinations,thestateachievedaperfectscoreinthepresence of branded rooms. Additionally, the state hasbenefittedfromhighliteracyratesandthehighestGSDPpercapitainthecountry.Conversely,ithasrecordedarelativelylowscoreintouristvisits.Whilethisappearscontradictorytothe state's image of being a top leisure locale, deeperinvestigation shows that the statistic is closely related tosupporting infrastructure development. InfrastructuregrowthhasbeenslowinGoaanditsonlyairportisoperatedby the defence services, limiting passenger traffic andcontributing to the low score for aircraft movement.Moreover,themuchtalkedaboutdevelopmentoftheMOPAairport still remains uncertain. Notwithstanding thislimitation, Goa continues to exhibit strong year-on-yeargrowthindemandforroomnightsandisonthewishlistofeveryhoteldeveloper/brand.Thestatehasalsotakenseveralmeasures such as easing licensing and proceduralrequirementsfordevelopmentofhotels.

Karnataka,comingin4��,hasmoveduponeplacesincethelastsurvey.Whatisworthdrawingattentiontoisthefactthatthe statehas riseneightplaces since2009.Karnatakahasperformed well across several parameters this year. Inparticular,thestatehasseenhightouristvisitation,attractinga goodmix of business and leisure travellers, thanks to itfeaturing destinations such as Bengaluru, Mysore,Chikmangalur, Hampi and Coorg. Moreover, it has seen amarginalimprovementinitspoliticalstabilityintherecentpast, resulting in an increase in the score for intangibleaspects,inadditiontoshowingpromiseintermsoftheeaseofdoing business. Nonetheless, we believe that Karnataka'stourismpotentialhasnotyetbeenharnessedcompletelyandthestatewillneedtoimproveitsperformanceintheareasoftourismspend,levyofluxurytax,presenceofbrandedhotelrooms, urbanisation, l i teracy rate and rai l/roadinfrastructureinordertostayaheadofthecompetitioninthecomingyears.

Gujarat,fallingoneplacesince2013,sharesthe5��rankwithTamilNaduthisyear.Thestatehasachievedhighscoresintheease of doing business, GSDP per capita and intangibleparameters; however, it performed only moderately well

FIGURE 33 - BIGGEST MOVERS: 2013 TO 2015


Rank 2015

Rank 2013

Variance (13-15)

Jharkhand

Haryana

Punjab

U�ar Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh

Tripura

Jammu & Kashmir

U�arakhand

23

13

8

12

21

29

17

18

29

17

11

15

15

23

10

9

6

4

3

3

-6

-6

-7

-9

FIGURE 32 - BIGGEST MOVERS: 2009 TO 2015


Rank 2015

Rank 2009

Variance (09-15)

Haryana

Karnataka

Punjab

U�ar Pradesh

Delhi

Gujarat

Arunachal Pradesh

U�arakhand

Jammu & Kashmir

13

4

8

12

2

5

24

18

17

21

12

15

19

6

9

14

7

5

8

8

7

7

4

4

-10

-11

-12

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