2016 schools survey: slp annual salaries and hourly wages · asha 2016 schools survey: annual...

SLP Annual Salaries

and Hourly Wages

For additional information, please contact Jeanette Janota, Surveys and Analysis Team

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Rockville, MD 20850

800-498-2071, ext. 8738 [email protected]

ASHA 2016 Schools Survey: Annual Salaries and Hourly Wages Report

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Contents Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................1 Salaries ...........................................................................................................................................2

Salary Basis ........................................................................................................................2 Primary Employment Facility .........................................................................................2 Excluded Groups ...............................................................................................................3

Academic-Year Salaries ...............................................................................................................3 Primary Employment Function ......................................................................................3 Years of Experience ...........................................................................................................4 State .....................................................................................................................................4 Geographic Area ...............................................................................................................5 Population Size ..................................................................................................................5

Calendar-Year Salaries ................................................................................................................6 Hourly Wages ...............................................................................................................................6 Contract Employees .....................................................................................................................7 Hourly Wages ....................................................................................................................7 Annual Salary ....................................................................................................................7 Salary Supplement .......................................................................................................................8 Student Debt .................................................................................................................................8

Survey Notes and Methodology ...............................................................................................9

Response Rate ....................................................................................................................9 Reports ................................................................................................................................9

Suggested Citation .......................................................................................................................9 Supplemental Sources ...............................................................................................................10 Additional Information ............................................................................................................10 Thank You ...................................................................................................................................10 Appendixes

Appendix A: Regions of the Country .........................................................................11 Appendix B: Salaries .......................................................................................................13 Table B1: Salary Basis .....................................................................................................14


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Table B2: Annual Salaries, by Salary Basis and Facility Type ..................................15 Table B3: Median Annual Academic Year Salaries, by Population Size .................17

Figures

Figure 1: Annual Salary or Hourly Wage ............................................................................2 Figure 2: Employment Facility ............................................................................................2 Figure 3: Median Academic-Year Salaries for Clinical Service Providers, by Type of Facility ................................................................................................3 Figure 4: Median Academic-Year Salaries, by Years of Experience ..................................4 Figure 5: Median Academic-Year Salaries, by Geographic Division .................................5 Figure 6: Median Academic-Year Salaries, by Population Size ..........................................5 Figure 7: Median Hourly Wages for Contracted SLPs, by Region of the Country .............7 Figure 8: Median Unpaid Student Debt, by Facility Type ...................................................8

Table Table 1: Median Academic-Year Salaries, by State ............................................................4


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Executive Summary

In Spring 2016, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) conducted a survey of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and educational audiologists in school settings. The survey was designed to provide information about school-based service delivery and to update and expand information gathered during previous Schools Surveys. The results are presented in a series of reports. This salary and wage report is based on responses from SLPs in special day/residential schools, preschools, elementary schools, secondary schools, students’ homes, administrative offices, and combined school settings.

Overall Findings

• 88% worked for an annual salary.

• 57% worked in elementary schools. • The average salary for working 9 or 10 months was $60,000 in

elementary schools. • Median academic-year salaries for clinical service providers ranged

from $60,000 in preschools and elementary schools to $71,000 in secondary schools.

• Salaries increased with years of experience in the profession and

years of experience in the schools.

• California reported the highest median academic-year salary ($85,000); Missouri reported the lowest ($52,500).

• Median academic-year salaries were highest in the Pacific ($78,000) and New England ($74,939) states.

• Suburban salaries tended to be higher than rural or urban salaries. • The average salary for working 11 or 12 months was $73,846. • The median hourly wage was $49.50, and the median number of

hours worked weekly was 21. • The median hourly wage for contract employees who worked full

time was $49.44.

• More SLPs received a supplement for having their Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP) than for any other reason.

• The median amount of unpaid student debt was $30,000.


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Salaries Salary Basis Primary Employment Facility

Based on the 1,798 SLPs who disclosed their salary basis, we estimate that 88% of school-based SLPs receive an annual salary and 12% receive an hourly wage (see Figure 1 and Appendix Table B1). Of the latter group, 195 were contract employees.

Note. n = 1,798. Salaries have traditionally been presented in ASHA reports as a function of various demographic characteristics, such as facilities, years of experience, and region of the country. More than half of the respondents worked in an elementary school (see Figure 2).

Note. n = 1,803.


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Excluded Groups

Academic- Year Salaries Primary Employment Function

Ninety percent of SLPs who received an annual salary worked for an academic year (i.e., 9 or 10 months). Because the numbers of respondents who worked for a calendar year or who worked for an hourly wage were relatively small, analyzing those groups according to demographic characteristics would result in subsets of data with fewer than 25 individuals, the minimum reportable response size. Therefore, most of the analyses in this report are limited to SLPs who worked for an academic year and were paid an annual salary. Several groups are included where totals are reported, even though data are not presented for them in a separate category because fewer than 25 of them provided the necessary information. This is the case, for example, for the 30 SLPs who worked in a student’s home, the 15 who worked in an “other” type of facility, and the 28 who held a doctoral degree. Although some of these groups are larger than 25, their results are not presented as separate groups when fewer than 25 of them answered a question. Clinical Fellows are excluded from the report because the respondents were sampled from ASHA-certified SLPs, and Clinical Fellows are not yet certified. The overall academic-year median salary was $62,000, and the mean was $65,380. Average salaries were lowest in preschools and highest in secondary schools (p = .000; see Table B2). The overwhelming majority (92%) of SLPs who worked full time for an academic year reported that they were employed as clinical service providers. Their median salaries ranged from $60,000 in preschools and elementary schools to $71,000 in secondary schools (see Figure 3).

Note. n = 1,118.


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Years of Experience State

The median academic-year salary was $63,000 for diagnosticians and $55,800 for special education teachers (not shown in any table). Figure 4 shows academic-year full-time salaries for (a) years of experience in the professions and (b) years of experience in the schools. Salaries increase with experience but not in a straight line.

Nearly one third (16) of the states had sufficient numbers of respondents to allow reporting of median academic-year salaries. Of that group, the highest median salary was in California, and the lowest was in Missouri (see Table 1). Table 1: Median Academic-Year Salaries, by State

State Salary State Salary

California $85,000 Texas $60,500

New York $76,356 Pennsylvania $59,250

Massachusetts $75,000 Wisconsin $57,000

New Jersey $72,090 Ohio $55,000

Maryland $72,029 Florida $54,000

Michigan $70,400 Georgia

Illinois $66,500 North Carolina $53,159

Minnesota $62,980 Missouri $52,500 Note. n = 846.


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Geographic Area Population Size

SLPs in the Pacific states had the highest median annual salaries, and those in the East South Central states had the lowest (see Figure 5 and Appendix A for a list of states in each of the nine divisions).

Note. n = 1,244. SLPs had higher median academic-year salaries in suburban areas than in other types of locales (see Figure 6). This was true for SLPs employed in preschools, elementary schools, and secondary schools but not for those in a combination of facilities where the highest median salaries were in cities/urban areas (see Table B3).

Note. n = 1,230.


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Calendar- Year Salaries Hourly Wages

Only 10% of the respondents to this survey who received an annual wage were paid for working a calendar year (i.e., 11 or 12 months). Their mean salary was $73,846, and the median salary was $70,154 (see Table B2). There are insufficient numbers of respondents to describe differences by demographic characteristics as extensively as was the case for academic-year salaries. The following are the exceptions:

• Median salaries for a calendar year averaged $60,000 in elementary schools; $60,348 in preschools; and $75,000 in special day/residential schools (see Table B2).

• Clinical service providers who worked for a calendar year reported a

median salary of $69,000 (n = 93; data for this bullet point and the two that follow do not appear in any table.)

• Administrators/supervisors/directors who worked for a calendar year

reported a median salary of $84,626 (n = 25). • Median salaries were $74,961 (n = 50) in cities/urban areas; $71,000

(n = 56) in suburban areas; and $67,464 (n = 25) in rural areas for SLPs who worked for a calendar year.

Of the SLPs who completed the survey, 12% received an hourly wage (see Table B1). Their median hourly wage was $49.50, and the median number of weekly hours worked was 21 (none of the data in the bullets below are reported in any tables).

• The median hourly wage was $52.00 in elementary schools (n = 109) and $45.00 in combined school settings (n = 28).

• The median hourly wage was $49.69 (n = 110) for SLPs who worked up

through 21 hours a week and $48.83 (n = 97) for those working more than 21 hours.

• SLPs who worked up through 21 hours a week reported a median hourly

wage of $55.00 in elementary schools (n = 60); those who worked more than 21 hours a week earned $49.41 per hour (n = 49).

• Clinical service providers reported an average hourly wage of $48.02

(n = 181). When they were divided into two groups, those who worked up through 21 hours per week received an hourly wage of $49.00 (n = 91), and those working more than 21 hours per week earned $47.38 (n = 90).

• SLPs who worked in the Midwest reported a median hourly wage of $40.00 (n = 35), compared to $49.00 in the South (n = 79), $52.96 in the West (n = 42), and $59.46 in the Northeast (n = 52).

• SLPs earned a median wage of $46.26 in suburban areas (n = 91), $49.00

in cities/urban areas (n = 70), and $54.16 in rural areas (n = 43).


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Contract Employees Hourly Wages Annual Salary

Of the SLPs who completed the survey, 13% were contract employees, and of that number, 87%—or 195 individuals—received an hourly wage. The median hourly wage for contracted SLPs who worked full time was $49.44 (n = 74) and $49.82 for those who worked part time (n = 139). (Data for the bullets below do not appear in any table.)

• The median wage was $52.00 in elementary schools (n = 110), $48.78 in preschools (n = 26), and $45.00 in combined school settings (n = 29).

• Clinical service providers who were contract employees received an

average hourly wage of $49.00 (n = 184).

• Contracted SLPs reported a median hourly wage of $49.00 in suburban areas (n = 95), $49.74 in cities/urban areas (n = 72), and $54.16 in rural areas (n = 43).

• Median hourly wages for contracted SLPs varied by region of the country where they worked. The highest median wage was in the Northeast (see Figure 7).

Note. n = 212. SLP = speech-language pathologist. The median annual salary for contracted SLPs was $62,000 (n = 29). The number of respondents in this category is too small to allow for any further analyses.


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Salary Supplement

Student Debt

SLPs were asked whether they received a salary supplement, stipend, bonus, or other type of salary upgrade and, if they did, the reason (not shown in any table).

• More SLPs received a supplement for having their ASHA Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC) than for any of the other five reasons listed on the survey (25%). Type of facility where they worked did not have a significant effect on whether they selected any of the six reasons.

• The second most common reason for receiving a supplement was for

extra duties, such as Medicaid billing or supervision (12%). • Approximately 6% received a supplement for having National Teachers

Board Certification, 6% as a result of a performance evaluation, 5% received a recruitment/retention bonus, and 2% received a bonus for providing bilingual services.

More than one quarter (27%) of the SLPs in the survey reported that they had unpaid student debt. The median amount of unpaid debt was $30,000, and the mean was $41,860. SLPs in special day or residential schools carried the highest median debt, and those in preschools the lowest (see Figure 8).

Note. n = 509. The median unpaid student debt for clinical service providers was $32,000 (n = 453). The median unpaid student debt for SLPs in rural areas (n = 112) was $22,775 compared to $35,000 for SLPs in cities/urban areas (n = 184) and suburban areas (n = 204).


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Survey Notes and Method-ology Response Rate

Reports

SuggestedCitation

Since 2004, ASHA has fielded the Schools Survey in even-numbered years to gather information of interest to the professions. Members, volunteer leaders, and staff rely on data from the Schools Survey to better understand the priorities and needs of SLPs and educational audiologists. Results from the 2016 Schools Survey are presented in a series of reports for SLPs:

• SLP Caseload Characteristics • SLP Workforce/Work Conditions • SLP Practice Issues • SLP Annual Salaries and Hourly Wages • Survey Summary Report—SLPs • Survey Methodology, Respondent Demographics, and Glossary—SLPs

Results from the educational audiologists are presented in a separate report: Survey Summary Report—Educational Audiologists. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2016). 2016 Schools Survey report: SLP annual salaries and hourly wages. Available from www.asha.org/research/memberdata/schoolssurvey/.

The survey was mailed in February 2016 to a random sample of 4,000 ASHA-certified SLPs and 500 ASHA-certified audiologists employed in school settings in the United States. Second and third mailings followed, at approximately 3- or 4-week intervals, to individuals who had not responded to earlier mailings. Of the total sample of 4,500 SLPs and audiologists, eight had undeliverable addresses, 21 had retired, and 24 were ineligible for other reasons, which left 4,447 possible respondents. The actual number of respondents was 2,108, which represents a 47.4% response rate. Of the original 4,000 SLPs in the sample, eight had undeliverable mailing addresses, 18 had retired, and 21 were ineligible for other reasons, which left 3,953 possible respondents. The actual number of respondents was 1,894, a 47.9% response rate among SLPs. The results presented in this report are based on responses from those 1,894 SLPs.


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Supple-mental Sources Additional Information

Thank You

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (n.d.). Advocacy resource guide for the salary supplement initiative. Available from www.asha.org/Advocacy/state/issues/Advocacy-Resource-Guide-for-the-

Salary-Supplement-Initiative/. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (n.d.). Advocating for higher

salaries and extra benefits from your local school district. Available from http://search.asha.org/default.aspx?q=Advocacy+resource+guide+for+the+salary+supplement+initiative.

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (n.d.). Budget cuts:

Maintaining speech-language pathology and audiology services in schools. Available from www.asha.org/SLP/schools/budget-cuts-schools/.

Salary data may also be available from other sources, such as state associations, state departments of education or labor, and school districts. Suggested sites include the following:

• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2016). Occupational outlook handbook, 2016-17 edition, speech-language pathologists. Retrieved from www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/speech-language-pathologists.htm

• Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and

Disorders. (2016). CAPCSD 2016 Salary Survey. Retrieved from http://www.capcsd.org/salarysurvey.html

For additional information regarding the 2016 Schools Survey, please contact Deborah Dixon, director of ASHA’s School Services, at 800-498-2071, ext. 5690 or [email protected]. To learn more about how the Association is working on behalf of school-based ASHA Certified Members, visit ASHA’s Schools webpages at www.asha.org/slp/schools/. ASHA would like to thank the SLPs who completed the 2016 Schools Survey. Reports like this one are possible only because people like you participate. Is this information valuable to you? If so, please accept invitations to participate in other ASHA-sponsored surveys and focus groups. You are the experts, and we rely on you to provide data to share with your fellow members. ASHA surveys benefit you.


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Appendix A

Regions of the Country


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Regions of the

Country

Northeast ¨ Middle Atlantic

o New Jersey o New York o Pennsylvania

¨ New England o Connecticut o Maine o Massachusetts o New Hampshire o Rhode Island o Vermont

South ¨ East South Central

o Alabama o Kentucky o Mississippi o Tennessee

¨ South Atlantic o Delaware o District of Columbia o Florida o Georgia o Maryland o North Carolina o South Carolina o Virginia o West Virginia

¨ West South Central o Arkansas o Louisiana o Oklahoma o Texas

Midwest ¨ East North Central

o Illinois oo Indiana oo Michigan o Ohio oo Wisconsin

¨ West North Central o Iowa o Kansas o Minnesota o Missouri o Nebraska o North Dakota o South Dakota

West ¨ Mountain

o Arizona o Colorado o Idaho o Montana o Nevada o New Mexico o Utah o Wyoming

¨ Pacific o Alaska o California o Hawaii o Oregon o Washington

ASHA 2016Schools Survey: Annual Salaries and Hourly Wages Report

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Appendix B

Salaries


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Table B1: Salary Basis Q. 10 In your primary job, are you paid on an annual basis or an hourly basis? Select one response only. Analyses limited to respondents who met the following criteria:

v CCC-SLP v Employed full time or part time

Response Frequency Valid Percentage

Annual salary 1,576 87.6

Hourly rate 222 12.4

Total 1,798 100.0 Note. CCC-SLP = Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology.


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Table B2: Annual Salaries, by Salary Basis and Facility Type 11. What is your gross annual income for your primary job, before all deductions? Include supplementary payments identified in Q. 9. Analyses limited to respondents who met the following criteria:

v CCC-SLP v Employed full time v Annual salary of at least $1

Response Facility Type

All Facility Types

Special Day/ Residential Preschool Elementary Secondary

Student’s Home

Admin. Office

Combina-tion

Worked 9-10 months (academic year)

n = 1,244 n = 29 n = 125 n = 775 n = 187 n = 10 n = 15 n = 97

25th percentile $52,982 $50,805 $49,951 $52,000 $58,000

(n < 25) (n < 25)

$55,000

50th percentile (Median) $62,000 $67,781 $59,539 $60,000 $70,347 $63,586

75th percentile $75,000 $78,258 $70,097 $72,000 $85,000 $77,000

Mean $65,380 $65,329 $62,578 $63,786 $73,155 $66,090

Standard deviation $18,249 $16,833 $17,406 $17,815 $20,075 $14,943

Mode $60,000 $70,000 $51,000 $65,000 $60,000 $60,000

Statistical significance: F(6, 1230) = 8.8, p = .000 Conclusion: There is adequate evidence from the data to say that the responses vary by facility type.

(Question 11 continues on next page.)


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11. (cont’d) What is your gross annual income for your primary job, before all deductions? Include supplementary payments identified in Q. 9. Analyses limited to respondents who met the following criteria:

v CCC-SLP v Employed full time v Annual salary of at least $1

Response Facility Type

All Facility Types

Special Day/ Residential Preschool Elementary Secondary

Student’s Home

Admin. Office

Combina-tion

Worked 11-12 months (calendar year)

n = 131 n = 27 n = 34 n = 33 n = 8 n = 6 n = 14 n = 9

25th percentile $58,500 $67,684 $49,803 $55,847

(n < 25) (n < 25) (n < 25) (n < 25)

50th percentile (Median) $70,154 $75,000 $60,348 $60,000

75th percentile $87,372 $89,515 $74,116 $75,145

Mean $73,846 $77,285 $63,002 $67,090

Standard deviation $21,391 $16,979 $15,807 $21,231

Mode $60,000 $69,000 $52,000 $60,000

Statistical significance: F(6, 123) = 6.8, p = .000 Conclusion: There is adequate evidence from the data to say that the responses vary by facility type.

Note. CCC-SLP = Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology.


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Table B3: Median Annual Academic Year Salaries, by Population Size 11. What is your gross annual income for your primary job, before all deductions? Include supplementary payments identified in Q. 9. Analyses limited to respondents who met the following criteria:

v CCC-SLP v Employed full time v Works 9 to 10 months (academic year) v Annual salary of at least $1

Population Size All Facility Types Special Day/ Residential Preschool Elementary

n Salary n Salary n Salary n Salary

City/urban 404 $63,000 15

(n < 25)

40 $61,090 242 $61,000

Suburban 544 $65,000 12 46 $63,811 331 $64,423

Rural 282 $54,201 2 38 $50,232 195 $54,040

Secondary Student’s Home Administrative Office Combination

n Salary n Salary n Salary n Salary

City/urban 61 $70,000 3

(n < 25)

5

(n < 25)

33 $70,463

Suburban 104 $75,259 5 7 38 $65,000

Rural 20 (n < 25) 1 2 23 (n < 25) Note. CCC-SLP = Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology. 8/19/16

2016 schools survey: slp annual salaries and hourly wages · asha 2016 schools survey: annual...

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