201601_kttp_k58_ptvsv_ch15_1.pdf

7/24/2019 201601_KTTP_K58_PTVSV_Ch15_1.pdf

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Bm CNTP 1

TrngI hc bch khoa h niVin cng ngh sinh hc v cng ngh thc phm

B mn Cng ngh Thc phm

CC PHNG PHP PHN TCH V KIM TRA CHT

LNG THC PHM

Phn tch vi sinh vt thc phm

Ba

PGS.TS L Thanh Mai

Bm CNTP 2

NI DUNGChng 15. Vi sinh vt nhim tp trong thc phm

15.1. Mc ch v ngha kim tra vi sinh vt trong cc SPTP

15.2. Vi sinh vt gy hng sn phm thc phm

15.3. Vi sinh vt gy bnh v gy ng c

15.4. Phng php nh lng vi sinh vt

15.5. Phng php phn tch mt s vi sinh vt nhim tp trong TP


2/43

Bm CNTP 3

Cc bi thc hnhBi 1 : Xc nh tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh, a m

Bi 2 : Xc nh nm men nm mc

Bi 3 : Xc nh Coliforms v E. Coli

Bi 4 : Xc nh Staphyloc occu s aureus

Bi 5 : Xc nh vi khun k kh Clostr idium perfr ingens

hoc Bacil lus cereus

Sn phm : sa v cc sn phm t sa, tht v cc sn

phm t tht, bia, rau qu ng hp, ln men

Bm CNTP 4

Ti liu tham kho

1. L thanh Mai v cs, Cc phng php phn tch ngnhCng ngh ln men. Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut,2009

2. Nguyn Th Hin (ch bin), Vi sinh vt nhim tp tronglng thc-thc phm, Nh xut bn Nng nghip, 2003.

3. Lng c Phm. Vi sinh vt hc v an ton v sinh thcphm. Nh xut bn Nng nghip, 2000.

4. Tiu chun Vit nam, TCVN


3/43

5

Vi sinh vt & Sn phm Thc phmVSV :

pht trin nhanh khp mi ni

c th c li / hi

Sn phm Thc phm : SPcon ngi n, ung didng ti, sng hoc qua ch bin, bo qun

mi trng dinh dngtt cho VSV

t vn

Nhim VSV ?

Hng SP

Gy bnh, gy ng c cho ngi tiu dngBm CNTP

Thng k ng c thc phm Vit NamBng s liu ca Cc An ton thc phm Vit Nam(2012)

Nm S v S nginS trng

thc S chtS nhp

vin

2007 247 56757 7329 55 5584

2008 205 41843 7829 62 6525

2009

152

40432

5212

35

4137

2010 175 24072 5664 51 3978

2011 148 38915 4700 27 3663
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007


4/43

Ngcthcphm VitNam 2014(Theo bo co caCcAn ton Thcphm26/12/2014)

189 v ng c thc phm vi hn 5.100 ngi mc,

4.100 ngi i vin v 43 trng hp t vong.

So vi nm 2013, s ngi mc v i vin do ng c thc

phm nm 2014 c gim nhng s v tng hn 13%, c

bit s ngi t vong tng gn 54% (tng thm 15 ngi).

Bm CNTP 7

Khong 70% v ng c tbp n tp th

8

T chc Y t th gii : Trong 20 nm na, s ca ung thtrn th gii s tng 57% do cc loi ha cht c hidng tm p thc phm
http://nld.com.vn/bep-an-tap-the.htmlhttp://nld.com.vn/bep-an-tap-the.html


5/43

9

Tnh hnh ng c thc n ti VN

(Cc QLCLVSATTP)

t vn

- Do vi sinh vt 55,8%;ha cht chim 13,1%,

thc phm cha cht c t nhin 22,76%

(15/3/2009, Hi KH&LTTP).

-T l nhim Staphylococcus aureusrt cao (53%

mu tht ngui v 90% mu tht quay).

- Ng c thc phm ti cc bp n tp th c xu

hng ngy cng gia tng.

Bm CNTP

10

Nguyn nhn mt VSATTP Thc phm ty tin khng r xut x (88%),

Nc nhim E.Coli(t 35,6-64,7%);

Khng m bo v sinh trong ch bin (49,1-91,6%);

Vn chuyn, bo qun khng m bo (85-99%);

Ni bn hng, trang phc nu nng khng hp v sinh

(37-88%)...

Thng k ca B Y t v vi phm quy nh v VSATTP

Bm CNTP


6/43

11

Mi nguy him do mt VSATTP

S ngi cht v ung th > 200,000 ngi/nm trong

150,000 t vong v 35% l ung th do thc phm c hi gy nn

Bo co ca B Y t 04/2009

nh hng n pht trin ni ging, th lc, tr t, tngcc bnh

nh ung th, tim mch, tng huyt p, tiu ng, long xng.

Cc hin tng v sinh, t l tinh trng gim.

Tn tht ng c thc phm d tnh mi nm Vit Nam

mt i 2 triu USD tng ng 40 t ng Vit Nam

thng tin t V Khoa hc CN - B Cng Thng

Bm CNTP

Bm CNTP 12

15.1 Mc ch v ngha kim tra vi sinhvt trong thc phm

Nhimvi sinh vt

Hng SPTP

LngVSV gy hngSP

Gy nguy him, gy bnh

- Lngctdo VSV

- LngVSV gybnh

Chtlngthngmi Chtlngvsinh


7/43

Bm CNTP 13

c tiu v yu cu

Mc tiu

m bo ATVS & CLSP theo chtiuslng VSV

Theo di, gii quytsctrong SX

Kh khn kim tra VS :

Cn nhiu thi gian phn tch vi sinh

Chi ph cao

chnh xc v an ton thp

Yu cu

Phn tch nhanh + Chi ph thp

Lm nhiu mu tngchnh xc

Bm CNTP 14

Ngun vi sinh vt trong SP thc phm3 ngun chnh :

C sntrong nguyn liu th hoc c t trc khi ch bin

B ri hoc xm nhpvotrong qu trnh ch bin : t ccthit b, t mi trng xung quanh nht khng kh, t,con ngi... u c th l ngun gy nhim.

B xung thm vo: nhiu sn phm ln men nhsachua, phomat, cc loi nc ung ln men c sn xutbng cch b sung thm vi sinh vt nhnm men hoc vikhun lactic...


8/43

Bm CNTP 15

15.2 Vi sinh vt gy hng thc phm

Nhng bin i trong sn phm gy ra bi vi sinh vt :

Gim cht lng cm quan : Thay i mu sc,mi v, nhn thy nm mc trn b mt SP...

Ph v cu trc ca SP : to kh CO2, H2,

sn phm mm ra...

Thay i pH thi gian tn ti ca sn phm

Gii phng ra cc c t

Vi khun, nm men v nm mc

Bm CNTP 16

Mt s loi vi khun c th nhim vo SPTP

Loi vi khun c tnh Mi trngthch hp

Streptococcus lactic cu khun, to axit ; topt : 30-35oC

Sa v ccsn phm sa

Strep. cremoris cu khun, kt chui di, to axittopt : 25oC

Stre. thermophilus cu khun, kt chui di, to axittopt : 40-45oC

Lactobacillusbulgaricus

trc khun, kt chui di, to axittopt : 40-45oC

Lactobacillus casei trc khun nh ; topt : 30-35oC

Lactobacillusacidophilus

trc khun di, sinh bacterioxin,to mng nhy ; topt : 30-35oC

Lactobacillusdelbriieckii

trc khun ; topt : 44-50oC ht ng cc,bt

L. plantarumL. brevisL.

trc khun nh, kt i hoc chui; topt : 30oC

Rau qutiv mui

chuaPropioni bacterium trc khun, khng sinh bo t ;topt : 30-35oC, ln men propionic

Sa

Clostridium butylicum trc khun ln, sinh bo t ;topt : 30-40oC, len mem butyric

Tht, sa


9/43

Bm CNTP 17

Vi khun

Gram (-) :

Preudomonassinh sc t hoc khng

AlcaligenesAlteromonas putrefaciensAeromonas.VibrioFlavobacterium hoc cytophaga.XanthomonasSerratia liquefaciens

Gram (+) :

Baccillus, CorynebacteriumMicrococus, StaphylococcusLactobacillus, Streptococcus

Bm CNTP 18

Vi sinh vt gy hng thc phm

Sn phm c nng ng cao, nc qu, nc ngthay mt, xiro, ru vang, bia... Saccharomyces hocZygosaccharomyces

To mng nhPichia, Hansenula, Debaryomyces,Mycoderma, Cania...

Hot tnh proteaza cao, to ra v ng : Mycoderma

To sc t l Rhodotorula

Sn phm c nng cht bo cao : Geotrichum

Nm men: (nhit thng)


10/43

Bm CNTP 19

Nhim trong qu trinh ch bin v bo qun

Nm men chi To lnh Nm men chi To nng

Cryptococcus vishniacii

Leucospridium antaricum

Leucospridium frigidum

Leucospridium gelidum

Leucospridium nivalis

Leucospridium scottii

Leucospridium stokesii

Torulopsis austramarina

Torulopsispsychrophila

Candida slooffii

Cyniclomyces guttulata

Saccharomyces telluris

Torulopsis bovina

Torulopsis printolopesii

Bm CNTP 20

Thc phm nhim nm mc


11/43

Bm CNTP 21

AspergillusPenicillium

Fusarium

Cc loi Nm mcNm mc c hi :

iu kin pht trin tt :

W : 0,8

To : < 25oC

Thong khpH : 3 - 5,5

Mi trng giu glucoza

Bm CNTP 22

Aspergil lus oryzae PenicilliumAspergillus

Cc loi Nm mc


12/43

Bm CNTP 23

Mt s loi nm mc nhim vo SPTP

Chng ging Sn phm thch hp

Mucor cremosis

Mucor rouxii

- Cc loi SPTP cha ng, tinh bt,

- Phomat

Rhizopus nigricans Bnh m, hoa qu, rau xanh

Aspergilus clavatusAspergilus ochraceusAspergilus flavusAspergilus oryzaeAspergilus repens

Trong mi trng c nng ng v mui cao

Penicillium expansumPenicillium italicumPenicillium camembertiPenicillium roqueforti

Hoa qu(cam, chanh)Pho mt

Trichothecium roseum Hoa qa, g, giy

Geotricum candidum Sn phm sa, kem, trng

Bm CNTP 24

15.3 Vi sinh vt gy bnh v gy ng c

1. Coliforms v E. coli,

2. Staphylococcus aureus

3. Salmonella

4. Shigella

5. Clostridium,

6. Bacillus cereus

7. Vibr io

8. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

9. Listeria monocytogenes

10. Streptococcus faecalis


13/43

Bm CNTP 25

Vi khun c hi gy bnh

E.col i Listeria

Salmonella

Pseudomonas

VibrioClostr id ium

perfr ingens

Bm CNTP 26

Danh mc vi sinh vt gy bnh trong thc phm

(t l % t vong)Vi sinh vt Canada M Mc nguy him

vi ng- iVibrio vulnificus2 60Clostridium botulinum 17 7,5Listeria monocytogenes 12,5 21,3Toxophasma gonii3 3 15E. coli 0157:H7 7 2Salmonella tiphy 6 6Vibrio spp 1Alexandrium spp 1,5 0,7Trichinella spp 1 0,9Teania spp 1 0,01Gambierdiscus toxicus 0,5 0,6Brucella spp 0,5Virut vim gan A 0,3Shigella spp 0,2 0,125Salmonella choeraesuis 0,1 0,1E. coli 0,1Campylobacter jejuni 0,1 0,05Staphylococcus aureus 0.08 0.045


14/43

Bm CNTP 27

Danh mc vi sinh vt gy bnh c trong thc phmBacteries diverses 0,05 1

Clostridium perfringens 0,03 1

Streptococcus spp 0,03Yerinia enterocolitea 0,025

Bacillus cereus 0,01 0,02

Nm mc v nm men 0,01 0,02

Histanines 0,01 0,001

Giardian lamblia 0,0001 0,001

Virut Norwalk 0,0001

1. Tun theo k hiu ca Todd (1989) rt nguy him, trn 2% tvong; nguy him (0,1 - 2% t vong); nguy him (di 0,1% tvong)

2. Phn trm da trn 50 trng hp xy ra. Cn vi nhng trng hpkhc, t l cht rt t 0,001% t vong3. Phn trm da trn 2063 trng hp xy ra. Cn vi nhng trng

hp khc, bnh t xy ra v ch vi 0,0001% t vong

Bm CNTP 28

1. ColiformVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

c im Coliform

Trc khun

G (-), khng to bo t, khng di ng

Ym kh khng bt buc

Ln men lactoza, sinh kh

Chi To : -2 n 50oC,

pH 4-9

Escherichia, Citrobacter, Klebsiellav Enterobacter

Xc nh lng Coliform v E. Colicho bit mc nhimvtinh trng v sinhtrong phn xng sn xut.


15/43

Bm CNTP 29

E.coli=Coliforms a nhit

1885 : Theodor Escherich phn lp t phn trem b bnh197l : Xp nhm VSV gy bnh trong thc phm

Chtiu ny nh gimc nhim phn mi

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

Coliformechi nhit E.coli

Coliforme

Bm CNTP 30

E.coli

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

c im

C tt c cc c tnh ca coliform

Nhit thich hp 42- 440C

Bn vi phenol 0,085%

Sinh indole 42- 440C

To c t mnhC th di ng hoc khng di ng


16/43

Bm CNTP 31

c tE.coliVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

5 nhm E.coli :

EnteroToxigenic ( ETEC)

EnteroHemorrhagic ( EHEC)

EnteroInvasive ( EIEC)

EnteroPathogenic ( EPEC)

EnteroAggregative ( EAggEC)

Bm CNTP 32

c tE.coliVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

To ra enterotoxin mnh : ni c t (tng hp bn

trong t bo v ch tit ra ngoi v gy ng c khi t

bo cht

c t khng bn vi nhit (LT : Labile Thermo-

toxic)-c t vi khun t, lm tiu chy mt nc

c t bn nhit(ST = Stable Thermo-toxic)


17/43

Bm CNTP 33

EnteroToxigenic ( ETEC)

- Thng c ng rut tr em hoc khch du lch

- To enterotoxin rt c v gy bnh nng cho ngi- C c 2 loi LT v ST

- LT l loi protein, gy hot ha adenylcyclase trong t

bo biu m rut, tng lng AMP, kch thch bi tit Cl-

v c ch ti hp th Na+ lm tiu chy v mt nc

trm trng

- ST : hot ha guanylcyclase, tng lng GMPkchthch bi tit nc v mui, gy tiu chy

Bm CNTP 34

Enterohemorrhagic ( EHEC)

- Sinh ctShigaSLT (Shiga like toxin) , 2 loi

- SLT1 (Stx1) : verotoxin

- SLT2 (Stx2) : verocytotoxin

- Tbo c khnngchinhittt

- Gy ingoi chton mu hocc km ccmu

- Gy aubngthtcbng.


18/43

Bm CNTP 35

Enteroinvasive ( EIEC)

- Khng toenterotoxin

- C khnng pht trinnhanh v rtnguy him

- Gy auu,nn ma

- St , nn ma, co rt c bp

-ingoi ra mu, c m,c m

-aubngddi,aubngthtcbng..

Bm CNTP 36

EnteroPathogenic ( EPEC)VSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

- Khng toenterotoxin

- C khnnggy bnhcho ngi,cbitcc

em nh


19/43

Bm CNTP 37

Enteroaggregative ( EAggEC)VSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

- Ging loi EPEC nhng t bo kt dnh to thnh khi

ln

- To enterotoxin rt c v gy bnh nng cho ngi

-To c t ST

-

Bm CNTP 38

Bnh doE.coli gy raVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

- Vim rut, tiu chy

- Vim thn : bnh ng tit niu (i tiu lt nht, au, ramu)

- Trong trng hp c th yu, sc khng gim s vo mugy nhim khun mu

- Vim mng no (khong 40%, c bit nguy hi cho trem)


20/43

Bm CNTP 39

Cc thc phm d nhim E.coliVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

- Tht ti hoc tht gia nhit cha

- Sa v cc sn phm sa khng qua thanh trng

- Cc loi sn phm TP cn nhiu cng on ch binkhng gia nhit (ly t ngi ch bin)

- Nc nhim phn

Cch phng nga :

- Nu k v lm lnh nhanh cc SPTP

-m bo an ton v sinh TP

Bm CNTP 40

2. Staphylococcus aureus

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

(cn gi l Tcu vng)

1894 : J. Denis nghin cu Staphylococus v c t

19l4 : tim thy trong sa , 31 loi

Staphylococus = T cukhun dng chm nho

Aureus = mu vng(khun lc)


21/43

Bm CNTP 41

c imStaphylococcus aureusVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Cu khun, tbo lin kt thnh chm nho

G (+), khng to bo t, khng di ng

Sinh coagulazalm ng huyt tng

To sc ttrng ti mu vng m

Ym kh khng bt buc

Bm CNTP 42

c imStaphylococcus aureus

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

Topt to mu 20-25oC,

Topt pht trin 37oC

Topt to c t 40oC

Chi kh hn (aw 0,83-0,86), nng (50oC trong 30oC),

Chi mn (9-10 % NaCl, thmch15-18%)

pH 4 - 9 (6-7)


22/43

Bm CNTP 43

c tStaphylococcus aureusVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Ni c t (enteroxin) :

- Tng hp bn trong t bo nhng khng tit ra khi VK cn sng

- Ch tit ra v gy ng c khi t bo cht

- Thng bn nhit v c tnh yu

Ngoi c t :

- Tng hp bn trong t bo v thi ra ngoi mi trng

- C bn cht protein

- D b mt hot tnh do nhit, axit

- C c tnh mnh

Bm CNTP 44

c tStaphylococcus aureusVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

To ni c t enteroxin v ni c t ny chi nhit tt (60oC trong 16 h)

To ngoi c t :

- : phn giai hng cu

- : thoi ho v tiu dit t bo

Sinh enzym gy c cho ngi :

- Catalaza ( chuyn hydrogen peroxit thnh nc v oxy)

- Coagulaza (ng huyt tng)- Hyaluronaza (lm tan axit hyaluronic, gip VK vo c th)

- Proteinaza

- Lipaza

C tnh khng nguyn tt

Ctr da, ng h hp ( khoang mi), qun o, ging chiu


23/43

Bm CNTP 45

Bnh doStaphylococcus aureusVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Ng c thc n l do c t c trong Gy nhiu bnh nhim trng, lm thng tn cc vt xc,to mn nht, ng si huyt

Gy vim phi, vim mng no, vim thn, vim tu, xng

Gy bun nn, i ma, tiu chy ddi

Vim khp ngi v gia cm

Lng enteroxin gy c 2 mghoc s t bo >106

Bm CNTP 46

Phngthcly nhim

Ly qua tip xc trc tip.

Khong 20-40% ngi mangS.aureus, 50% i vicc nhn vin y t.

D nhim qua da b tn thng, v vi nhng ngic h min dch b suy gim.

Thc phm b nhim thng qua ngi ch bin, sa,phomat

Cc loi thc phm ch bin bng tay, khng cun nng hoc lm lnh .


24/43

Bm CNTP 47

Cc thc phm d nhim St.aureusVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Cc bin php phng nga :

- SP t sa : sa ti, kem, phomat, sa bt

- SP tht nu cha chn hoc cc loi tht ln men

- Cc SP t u tng

-Lm lnh nhanh v y

- Nu chn k ( VK cht sau thanh trng 65oC trong 12,c

t chi n 100oC trong 30)-Axit ho sn phm (pH < 4,1)

Bm CNTP 48

3. Salmonella

Tm ra nm 1885 trn ln

c t tn theo Daniel Elmer Salmon

tm thy > 2000 chng gy bnhcho ngi v ng vt

-25% cc v nhim c, nhim khun thc phm

- 66% trng hp t vong

(cn gi vi trng thng hn)


25/43

Bm CNTP 49

Cc nhmSalmonellaVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

tim thy > 2000 chng Salmonella

Nhm Salmonellagy bnh cho ngi

S.typhi. S.paratyphi, S.paratyphic

Nhm Salmonellagy bnh cho ng vt

S.gallinarum (g); S. dublin (mo)

S.abortus (nga); choleraesuis (ln)

Nhm Salmonellagy bnh cho cngi v ng

vt

Bm CNTP 50

c im Salmonella

Trc khun

G(-), khng to bo t

C kh nng di ng

Ym kh khng bt buc

Ln men glucoza, khng lnmen lactoza v sacaroza


26/43

Bm CNTP 51

c imSalmonellaVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Khng sinh indol

Khng phn gii ure

Sinh H2S

Topt 37oC,

Khng chi mn

Bm CNTP 52

c im Salmonella

Nhy cm vi qu trnh thanh trng v tia bc x

B c ch nng mui 3,5% , mi trng PH< 4

v bi h vi khun lactic

Khng sinh sn nhit 5-12oC . Vi khun ny

khng gy mi v kh chu cho thc phm .

Sng tt mi trng bn ngoi , c th sngc c iu kin bo qun , t nc . N c kh

nng chu c khng sinh.


27/43

Bm CNTP 53

c tSalmonella

To c t enterotoxin: max pha cn bng, 37o

C, pH = 7

To c t cytotoxin: ph v t bo, gip vi khun xmnhp vo c th nhanh chng

Ch yu pht trin ng tiu ha ca ngi, ng vtv cn trng

Bm CNTP 54

Bnh doSalmonellaVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Bnh thng hn : bnh lu (2 tun), ko di (2-4 tun) gyst cao, yu ton thn, au u, tiu chy ra mu, t vong khln

Ph hu rut, i vo mu v cc c quan khc (tim, no, llch)

Trong d dy ; tiu chy, st, bun nn, nhc u(2-3 ngy)


28/43

Bm CNTP 55

Ng c do Salmonella

Salmonelle gy bnh yu nn cn nhit caov lng vi khun ln

Thng pht sinh vo ma h (thng 6-9)

Thc n gy ng c phn ln c ngun gcng vt, c gi tr dinh dng cao, nhiunc

Bm CNTP 56

Cc thc phm d nhim SalmonellaVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Bnh ly t vt v ngi b bnh (bnh thng hn cn lbnh ca ng vt, VK sng trong rut v lng)

- SP tht gia cm v tht ln

- Trng v cc SP trng

- Sa v cc SP sa

- Nc b nhim phn

- Hoa qu v rau xanh

- SP ng cc

- Cc thc phm n nhanh


29/43

Bm CNTP 57

Cc bin php phng nga SalmonellaVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

- Lm lnh nhanh v y

- Nu chn k

-Axit ho sn phm (pH < 4)

- Kp thi pht hin v cch ly trnh gy ly nhim

- Tim phng bnh

Bm CNTP 58

4.c imShigella

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

Tng t nhSalmonella:

Trc khun, tbo 0,5-3 m

G (-),

Khng to bo t,

C khnng di ng

Ym kh khng bt buc

Ln men glucoza,Khng sinh kh

Khng sinh H2S

Khng c enzym lysin decarboxylaza


30/43

Bm CNTP 59

Bnh do ShigellaVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

- Liu lng gy ng c thp

- Bnh kit l cho ngi v la

Ngun nhim: t nguyn liu, nc v cng nhn ch bin

- Tht v cc SP t tht

- Hi sn

- Rau qu

Bm CNTP 60

c imClostr id iumVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Clostridium botulinium

- Tm thy 1793

- To c t h thn kinh (NeurotoxinS)

- nhiu c t khc rt c

Clostridium perfringens

(trc y gi l welchi) :- Tm thy t nm 1892 (ngi M tn

l Welch tm ra)

-Vi khun gram (+),

- kch thc 1 x3 m

-ym kh tuyt iClostridium =hnh thoi


31/43

Bm CNTP 61

c im Clostridium

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

VK gy ng c thc phm thuc loi ATrc khun gram (+), khng di ng,

Ym kh tuyt i

To bo t v bo t chi nhit tt

Topht trin ti u l 37- 47oC

pH 5,0 - 7,0.

B c ch bi 5 % NaCl

Bm CNTP 62

c imClostr id ium perfr ingens

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

-pH 6,0- 7,5 ; pHopt 5

- To= 12-50oC

- Aw ti u l 0,95 - 0,97

- B c ch nng NaCl 6%


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Bm CNTP 63

c tClost r id ium

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

C 5 loi c t chia theo nhm t A n E- A l c nht

Hnh nh phn tchc t Ty pe A (

1978)

Hnh nh phn tchc t Ty pe A ( 1978)

- Mc nhim c ca cc type ngi Type A > B > E

Bm CNTP 64

Bnh doClost r id ium

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

Bnh un vn, gy hoi t

Gy bin chng cc vt thng

Gy ng c TP: Tiu chy, au bng, y kh, st, nnma, nhc u(2-3 ngy)

Hoi t gan


33/43

Bm CNTP 65

Triu chng bnh do Clostr id iumc t ny hu nh khng lm ri lon h tiu ha m tc

dng n h thn kinh no b:

Lit thn kinh do tn thngthn kinh trung ng v ty.

Sm nht l lit mt, lit c mt

Lit vm hng, li, hu (mt ting, mt phn x nut)

Lit d dy, rut dn n to bn, chng bng, gimtit dch i khi tiu tin kh.

- C s phn l mch v nhit : Mch tng nhanh trongkhi nhit c th vn bnh thng.

Bnh thng ko di 4 n 8 ngy, nu khng iu tr sm

c th b cht vo ngy th 3 do lit h hp v lit tim mch.

Bm CNTP 66

Cc thc phm d nhim Clost r id iumVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

- SP tht gia cm ti (ng vt mu nng)

- SP tht, c ng hp

- Gia v v cc SP kh

- SP t u tng

Cc bin php phng nga

- Lm lnh nhanh v y

- Nu chn k


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Bm CNTP 67

Cc bin php phng trnh ng cLm tt khu p lnh, nht l cc thc n ngui lm bng tht, c

ng hp, p mui xng khi.

Tt c cc sn phm c du hiu i thiu th khng c dnglm thc n ngui cng nh em i ng hp.

Vi hp khi c du hiu phng phi coi l nhim trng nguyhim (tr khi phng l ha). Mun phn bit phi phi nui cyvi khun..

Vi thc n kh nghi phi em i un si trong khong 1 h.

i vi c phi lu : phi b ni tng ra sch sau em ip lnh ngay v tt nht ln em i ch bin ngay khi cnti.

Bin php tch cc nht l un si thc n trc khi s dng.

Bm CNTP 68

6. Baci l lus cereurs

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

c im :

- Trc khun hnh que, gram (+),

- Kch thc t bo (0,5-2,5) x (1-10) m,

- Ym kh ty tin, sinh sn rt nhanh,

- To bo t , bo t chi c c Tolnh v nng

- chi c khong pH rng 4 - 9.


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Bm CNTP 69

c tBaci l lusVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Bacil lus cereurs

- Diarhoeal toxin : gy tiu chy

- Emetic toxin : gy nn ma

Bacil lus anthracis

- c t gy bnh than

Bacil lus thuri ngensis- c t kt tinh gy bnh cho cn trng

Bm CNTP 70

Bnh doBaci l lus

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

nhimvo ngi

- gy nn nao, kh chi, bun nn,

- gy bnh tiu chy v au co tht vng bng

Bacillus anthracis

Bnh than

Bnh thn nhit

Vim ph

(tch mn m c tnh di da)


36/43

Bm CNTP 71

Thc phm d nhim Baci l lus cereursVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

- Sa v cc SP sa

- SP ng cc- Cc loi gia v

Bm CNTP 72

Cc bin php phng Baci l lus cereursVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

- Lm lnh nhanh v y

- Nu chn k


37/43

Bm CNTP 73

7.Vibrio

Vibrio choleraeln u

tin c trong rut cabnh nhn b t vo nm

1854.

1883 Robert Koch tm

thy vi khun hnh cong

tng t khi nghin cu

bnh t Ai Cp.

Bm CNTP 74

Cc chng gy bnh caVibrio

C 28 loi,thng gp:

V. vulnificus

V. alginolyticus

V. cholerae

V. parahaeolyticus


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39/43

Bm CNTP 77

c im sinh l caVibrio cholerae

Ym kh tu tin

Khng to bo t

C kh nng ln mencacbohydrat

Kh nitrat thnhnitrit.

Sinh oxydaza.

Bm CNTP 78

c tVibrio

VSV gy bnh vgy ng c

Vibrio cholerae:

-Khng chi mi trng axit

- c t cholerae toxin cc tnh mnh, tiu chymtnhiunc

Biuhin lm sng: tiu chyt, aubng, chn n. Mtnhiu

nc500-1000 ml/h, mchnhanh, huytp h, hocc thmt

mch, mthuytp. gy bnh t (dch t)

- hemolysin, tetrodo toxin, shiga toxin (c t c nc)

-C kh nng tng hp nhiu enzym : lm hng biu m rut


40/43

Bm CNTP 79

I TNG CM TH

Phykhuntchgy bnh ngi.

Milatuiuc thmcbnht.

Tuy nhin, tnh cmthbnhphthucvo mic thv

liunhimkhun

Ngic nhm mu O mcbnhnnghn.

.

Bm CNTP 80

LY TRUYN DCH T Nc l y t ly truyn ch yu,

sau l thc n cha nu chn

hoc dng gi.

Ngun truyn nhim: ngi bnh v

ngi lnh mang bnh.

Bnh nhn b t cp tnh o thi

107-108VK t trn 1 gam phn.


41/43

Bm CNTP 81

TRIU CHNG V CCH IU TR

Triu chng:

Bnh nhn t nh: kh phn bit vi cc bnh tiu chy

khc.

Bnh nhn t nng: tiu chy t, au bng, phn c

mu trng nh nc vo go.

Cch iu tr:

B nc v nc mui kp thi.

Bm CNTP 82

8. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

(Trc khun m xanh)c im :

- Trc khun hnh que, gram (-),

- Kch thc t bo (0,5-2,5) x (1-10) m,

- Hiu kh bt buc (nu c NO3th k kh)

- Di ng nhanh

- Khun lc to sc tpyocyanin: lam-lc

fluorescein: vng-lc

Fluorescent : hunh quang

Pyorubin : -nu
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pyocyanin&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluorescein&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluorescence&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluorescence&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluorescence&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluorescence&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluorescein&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pyocyanin&action=edit&redlink=1


42/43

Bm CNTP 83

Bnh doPseudom onas aeruginosaVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Vim mng trong tim, vim mng no, v mng rut, to mVim ng h hp, vim phi, vim tu xng,

Nhim trng da, nhim trng ng mu, ng tit niu

Suy gim h thng min dch

Bnh ho sng mt

t khng sinh c tc dng (gentamixin, fluoroquinolen)

Bm CNTP 84

9. L isteria monocytogenes

L.monocytogenesc ly tn theo nh phu thut ngiAnh Lord Joshep Lister

- Trc khun hnh que, thng, cn i, hai u trn

- Gram (+),

- Khng bo t, h hp ym kh

- Catalaza (+)

- Oxydaza (-)- C kh nng phn gii esculin

- Lm tan huyt trn mi trngthch mu

- Di ng nhanh nhtim mao


43/43

Bm CNTP 85

Bnh doLister ia monocytog enesVSV gy bnh v

gy ng c

Bnh cho c ngi v ng vt, c bit nguy him

Bnh listeriosis = hin tng xy thai ca ngi v ngvt

Tch m h thn kinh trung ng

Hoi t gan, tim, ng sinh dc

c bit nguy him ngi gi v tr em

Nhim vo thc phm mi cng on, c bit to thp

Nhim mi loi SPTP

201601_kttp_k58_ptvsv_ch15_1.pdf

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