2019 01 13 section 1 clinical psychologypptx · 2019. 1. 14. · training programs in clinical...

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Clinical Psychology Psyc 401 Dr. Paul L. Hewitt, R. Psych. Course Outline Overview Evaluation Cheating No Make – ups Psychology Majors? How many clinical psych as profession? What is Clinical Psychology?

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Page 1: 2019 01 13 Section 1 Clinical Psychologypptx · 2019. 1. 14. · training programs in clinical psychology must be to produce the most competent clinical scientists possible. •General

Clinical PsychologyPsyc 401 

Dr. Paul L. Hewitt, R. Psych.

Course Outline

• Overview

• Evaluation

• Cheating 

• No Make – ups

• Psychology Majors?

• How many clinical psych as profession?

What is Clinical Psychology?

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Publication from CPA

• THE CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST IN CANADA

• HOW CAN WE HELP?

• The Section on Clinical Psychology/La Section de la Psychologie Clinique

• Canadian Psychological Association/Société Canadienne de Psychologie

• www.cpa.ca

Psychology is a scientific discipline with many different areas of application. Clinical Psychology is a field of practice that deals with human functioning; either human problems and their solution, as well as with the promotion of physical, mental, and social well-being. Clinical Psychologists have varied training experiences and different areas of expertise.

What is Clinical Psychology?

Canadian Psychological Assoc.

Clinical Psychology

• Study, assessment, and treatment of psychological problems or disorders

• Problems Addressed

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American Psychological Assoc.

• Clinical psychology is the psychological specialty that provides continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioral health care for individuals and families; consultation to agencies and communities; training, education and supervision; and research‐based practice. 

Who am I?

• Clinical Psychologist (in some ways, 

prototypic)• Credentials

• Education: B.A. (4), M.A. (2), Ph.D. (4)

• Education: Internship/Residency (1)• Education: Post Doctoral Supervision (1) • Registrant in Psychology  (R. Psych.)• Certificant in Psychology (C. Psych.)• Canadian Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology Listing

Positives about this work (personal)

• Flexibility in focus• Focus on research or clinical work or teaching

• Help others (research or clinical work)

• Can be lucrative if want

• Options for settings to work in

• Independence (no boss)

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Who am I? (cont’d)

• Scientist Practitioner:• Scientist: Clinical Researcher

• PhD is a research degree

• Think differently as clinician

• Contribute to empirical knowledge

• Practitioner

• Psychotherapist (Psychodynamic)

• Psychological Assessment

• Neuropsychological Assessment

Who am I? (cont’d again)

• Practitioner• Psychotherapist (Psychodynamic)

• Psychological Assessment

• Neuropsychological Assessment

Accessing Clinical Psychological Services

• How to Access?

• How to pay?• Hospitals covered

• Private practices not covered

• Medicare vs Private• Pros (access, affordable)

• Cons (control, quality control)

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What do we do as Clinical Psychologists?

Clinical Psychology – Clinical Activities

• Assessment• Diagnosis

• Formulation

• Treatment• Psychotherapy

• Consultation

Clinical Psychology – Research and Academic Activities

• Research: Can do research on anything, but focus tends to be on psychopathology or psychological problems, assessment issues, or treatment outcome or process

• Teaching

• Training of clinical psychologists

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• Nomethetic

• Idiographic

Core Competencies: Scientifically‐Minded Psychologists

• Scientifically‐Minded Psychologists

• Hallmark of our discipline

Competencies of Scientifically ‐Minded Psychologists

1. Access and apply current scientific knowledge and skills appropriately and habitually

2. Contribute to knowledge

3. Critically evaluate one’s own interventions and outcomes

4. Practice vigilance about how socioculturalvariables influence scientific practice

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Competencies of Scientifically Minded Psychologists

5. Subject work to scrutiny of colleagues, stakeholders, and public.

Norcross & Karpiak (2012)

• Sample:  Members of APA Division of Clinical Psychology

• N = 549  (out of 1,285 asked)

• There are thousands of psychologists not affiliated with this Division so not clear how representative of clinical psychologists generally or in Canada

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ActivitiesNorcoss, Karpiak, and Santoro (2005).

Employment Sites: Norcoss, Karpiak, and Santoro (2005). 

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Norcross & Rogan, 2012

• 401  APA Division 29 (clinical psychology)

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Page 13: 2019 01 13 Section 1 Clinical Psychologypptx · 2019. 1. 14. · training programs in clinical psychology must be to produce the most competent clinical scientists possible. •General

Different from or similar to whom?

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Clinical Psychologist: Overlap with other Professionals

• Counseling Psychologist

• School Psychologist

• Rehabilitation Psychologist

• Health Psychologist

• Academic Psychologist

• Psychiatrist

• Psychiatric Social Worker

Clinical Psychologist: Overlap with other Professionals

• Psychiatric Nurse

• Counselor, Psychotherapist

Training Models of Clinical Psychology

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Professional Issues

• Training• Overview

• Scientist‐Practitioner (Boulder, PhD)

• Practitioner (Vail, PsyD)

• Clinical Scientist (PhD)

Professional Issues

• Scientist Practitioner (Boulder, PhD)

• Practitioner (Vail, PsyD)

Scientist Practitioner (Boulder, PhD)

•Boulder Conference – 1949 (70 participants)• Equal weight to science and practice• PhD as the required degree• Training within a university setting• Psychologists were to be scientist‐practitioners prepared to work in academia or clinical practice

• Since 1949 has been the dominant model for Clinical Psychology Training

• Rationale

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Practitioner (Vail, PsyD)

•Questions about adequacy of the Boulder Model.

• Interest in training for practice as is the case in law, dentistry, and medicine

•Focus on training practitioners – Allow research findings to inform practice but without focus on development of research skills.

•Rationale

Vail

• In 1973 the national training conference in Vail Colorado was successful in legitimizing practitioner oriented clinical psychology training programs

• Despite objections from academic types, such programs now turn out almost as many graduates as do Boulder Model programs (in USA)

The Clinical Science Model

• Impetus for Clinical Science training was “Manifesto for a Science of Clinical Psychology” (McFall 1991)

•Began a movement that has resulted in a number of clinical science programs and the development of the Academy of Psychological Clinical Science.

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The Clinical Science Model:Cardinal Principles and Corollaries

•The primary and overriding objective of doctoral training programs in clinical psychology must be to produce the most competent clinical scientists possible.

•General focus is on becoming a clinical scientist and this may or may not involve applied clinical activities. 

•All applied clinical work engaged in needs to be evidence‐based.

The Clinical Science Model:Cardinal Principles and Corollaries

• Psychological services should not be administered to the public (except under strict experimental control) until they have satisfied four minimal criteria:

• The exact nature of the service must be described clearly• The claimed benefits of the service must be stated explicitly• These claimed benefits must be validated scientifically• Possible negative side effects that might outweigh benefits must be ruled out empirically