2020 industry report: sesame seed
TRANSCRIPT
2020 Industry Report:Sesame SeedNovember 2020
Market Intelligence Team
Written by
Sesame Seed Market: The Queen of Oilseeds
2
Production & Export
Recent Developments
• SesameSeedproductioniscurrentlyledbySudan,Myanmar,India,Nigeria,andTanzania.In2018,theproductionsharewasdividedintotworegions:59.4%inAfricaand37.5%inAsia.
• Asaregion,Africahasquicklyrisenasthetopproducerandexporter,overcomingIndia.Indiahasseenunfavorableweatherconditionsinrecentyears,andAfricancountrieshaveofferedsesameseedsatmoreattractiveprices.
• Africahasconsideredsesameseedsasamajorsourceforearningforeignexchange.Growth inproductionwithincountriessuchasTanzaniaandEthiopiahasnearlybeenexponential.
• ChinaandJapansource themost fromAfricancountries.Chinahaschanged itspositionasamajorexportingcountrytoamajor importingcountry,representing36%ofworldimportsofsesameseedsin2019.
• Theonsetofthecoronavirusisexpectedtoconstraindemandforsesameseedsinmajorimportingmarkets.Nigeriaisexpectedtoseesomereductioninproduction.SomeregionsinTanzaniahavereportedseeingpricefalls inJunewithlimitedmarketaccess,buthavereportedajumprecentlyastheseasoncomestoaclose.Indiahasalsoreportedpricefallsaswell inAprilwithcoronavirusrestrictions.
• Globalpricesforsesameseedsarestill low,withproducershopingthatmajormarkets,suchasChinawillreopen.
Contents
Part I - Product Information ·············································································· 5
1.1 Sesame Seed Varieties
1.2 Grades
1.3 End Usages for Sesame Seeds
1.4 Sesame Seed Processing (dehulling)
Part II - Trade Regulations ················································································· 11
2.1 The European Union
2.2 Japan
Part III - Global Market Dynamics ···································································· 13
3.1 Production
-SesameSeedProductioninAfrica
3.2 Export
3.3 Import
3.4 Consumption
3.5 Global Price Trends in Recent Years
Part IV - Country Profile ······················································································ 17
4.1 India
4.2 Sudan
4.3 Nigeria
4.4 Ethiopia
4.5 Tanzania
Part V - Sources ····································································································21
Part I
Product Information - Sesame Seeds, whether or not broken (HS:120740)
1.1 Sesame Seed Varieties
1.2 Grades
1.3 End Usages for Sesame Seeds
1.4 Sesame Seed Processing (dehulling)rs
Part. I 5
Product Information - Sesame Seeds, whether or not broken (HS:120740)
Sesamumseeds,orsesameseeds,havebeenavaluablecommodity intheLatinAmerican,Asian,andAfricancountries,particularlyinAfrica,wheremostoftheproductionisconcentrated.Itcanbeusedindiverseways,fromextractingitsoilstomakesesameseedoil,orinconfectioneryproductsandmeals.ItisrarelygrownintheWesternregionsoftheUnitedStatesorEurope,asitismoreclimaticallyfavorableinthedrytropics.Asmostoftheproductionisdonewithindevelopingcountries, theproducersaremainlysmall-holder farmerswith littlemechanizationintegratedintotheproductionprocess.
Sesame Seed Varieties
Export Value of Sesame Seeds 2001-2019
Sesameseedsaresortedaccordingtocolor,whichareasfollows:
White (main)Food grade sesame used in thebaking industry,which uses 98-100%whitest-gradeseeds,mostlyforaestheticpurposes
Graph 1.Source:ITCTradeMap.
Part. I
6
Product Information - Sesame Seeds
Black (main)Usages innon-dairymilkpowdersandotherpremiummarkets
Brown/mixedOil-grade sesame,where brownseedscouldbeupgradedtotheFoodGradethroughthebleachingprocess
LightersesameseedvarietiesaremuchmorepopularintheWesternandMiddleEasternmarkets,wheretheyareconsideredtobehigherquality.Ontheotherhand,paleandblackvarietiesarevaluedintheFarEastcountries.Thewhitevariety,whichisusedinthehulled,ornaturalform,willusuallycommandahigherpriceinthemarketsduetoitsconsistencyandappearance.Ithasawhite/goldcolorthatisattractivefordecorativepurposes in foods.Mixedseeds,whichhaveayellowtodarkbrowncolorandareinconsistentinsizes,willbecrushedandthenutilizedforoilproduction.Blacksesameseeds,anothermainsesamevariety,aresmaller insizethantheWhitevarietyandarewidelyimportedtoChinaandJapan.
Compared toWhitesesameseeds,Blacksesameseedshavebeenfoundtobring45%moreinreturnsin2018,asblacksesameseedshavehigherproductioncostsandlowersupplyquantity.Theyarealsousedinmoreversatileapplicationscomparedtowhitesesameseedswhichareprimarilyusedforedibleuses.
Table 2.Source:MarketIntelligenceReport: AlternativeMarkets forNigerianSesameExports
Table 1.Source:Gradesof IndianSesameSeedsunderAGMARK
Part. I Product Information - Sesame Seeds
7
Gradesofsesameseedsdifferonbasisofcountry, inwhichmajorproducerIndiahasdesignateditsownstandardsunderAGMARK:
Grades of Indian Sesame Seeds under AGMARK
Grade Designa-tion
Characteristics
Foreign Matter (% by weight, maximum)
Immature, Shriveled, and dead seeds (% by weight, maximum)
Damaged & discolored seeds (% by weight, maximum)
Total impu-rities (total column 2-4), % by weight, maximum
Admixture of other varieties/types (% by weight, maximum)
Moisture content (% by weight, maximum)
Special 0.5 1.0 Nil 1.5 5.0 5.0
Good 1.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 10.0 6.0
General 2.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 15.0 7.0
Commercialgradingofsesameseedsisusuallybasedonthefollowingfactors:purity(thepercentageofnon-sesameinsideabatch),moisturecontent,and theFFA (theoil rancidity).The following table is theJapanesespecification forsesameseeds foroilproduction,whichgenerallyreflectsthecommercialgradingstandardsofothercountriesaswell.
Japanese Specifications for Sesame Seeds for Oil Production, 2010
Measure Specification
Normal Condition Good sesame flavor and nearly clear
Color Characteristic sesame color
Moisture (water) and foreign material Below 0.25% (refined below 0.1%)
Specific gravity (25-degree centigrade) 0.914-0.921
Refractive index (25 centigrade) 1.471-1.474
Acid Value Below 4.0 (refined below 0.2)
Saponification number 186-195
Iodine value 103-118
Unsaponifiable matter Below 2.5% (refined below 2.0%)
Formoreinformationregardingthespecificationsofthegrades,refertothe linkhere:http://apeda.in/agriexchange/Market%20Profile/MOA/Product/Sesame.pdf
Grades
Part. I Product Information - Sesame Seeds, whether or not broken (HS:120740)
8
Note:Thisend-usagedoesnotreflectthetradeHScodeoftheabove,whichisnon-processed.
End Usages for Sesame Seeds
Input Products Description and Uses
Seeds Confection-ary
Fried sweets may be bound together with sugar syrup to give sweetmeats
Seeds Biscuits The whole seeds can be baked into biscuits.
(Hulled) Seeds Bakery Popular in northern Europe either in-corporated into bread or as decorative toppings. May be used hulled or whole
Seeds. Some-times roasted
Oil Particularly used in oriental cuisine. The flavor is quite strong and rarely com-patible with traditional Western-style cooking but also used as a salad oil
Oil Medicinal treatment
Ulcers and burns
Oil Margarine Once an important use, now other cheaper vegetable oils are available
Oil Aerosol Reported use as a synergist for pyre-thrum sprays
Low-Grade Oil Various Soaps, paints, lubricants, and illumi-nants. Local uses, of no importance in international trade
Hulled Seeds Tahini A paste of sesame seeds which is used as an ingredient in eastern Mediterra-nean and Middle Eastern foods
Tahini Dips & Spreads
Various ingredients, such as chickpeas or eggplants, are added to tahini to make dips and spreads such as hum-mus
End Usages for Sesame Seeds
Part. I Product Information - Sesame Seeds
9
Input Products Description and Uses
Tahini Halva A sweet made from tahini and sugar with other added flavorings
Cake Animal Feed Protein-rich useful supplement
Cake from Hulled Seeds
Ingredient Used in some Indian cooking. Also as a snack such as in the Nigerian Kulikuli
Dehullingortheremovaloftheskinofsesameseedsaredoneforvariouspurposes,suchasforoilextractionorforthecreationofsesameseedpastesliketahini,whichisusedfrequentlyintheEasternMediterraneanandMiddleEasterncuisines.Dehullingcanbedonemanuallybyrubbingtheskinoffthewetseed,mechanicallybyusingprocessestoimitatethemanualprocess,orbyusingalkalitreatments.Asthedehullingprocessrequireswettingtheseed,thisalsomeansthattheseedsneedtobe
Table 3.Source:ChemonicsInternationalInc.
Sesame Seed Processing (dehulling)
Part II
Trade Regulations
2.1 The European Union
2.2 Japan
Part. II 11
Trade Regulations
The European Union
Japan
AsstatedfromCBI,themaintwofactorswhichdetermineentrytotheEUmarketaretraceabilityandhygiene.Salmonellacontamination isaprimaryriskthathasbeendamagingthereputationofsesameseedsfromexportingcountries,whichhasresultedintheEUtighteningregulationsforsesameproductscomingfromcertainnations,suchasIndia.Extracareshouldbeallocatedtoensurethatthesesameseedsdonotgooverthemaximumallowedpesticideresidue levels,whileorganicsesameseedsarenotallowedtohaveanytracesatall.
Someadditional foodsafetyrequirements,suchasGoodAgriculturalPractices (GAP)andQualityManagementSystems (QMS),mayberequestedbybuyers inorder toassesstheproductionandhandlingprocess. As sesame seeds are commonly directed to the foodmanufacturingindustry,intheEU,itisimportanttohavecertificationsforfoodsafetymanagementsystems, includingtheISO22000,theBritishRetailConsortium(BRC),andtheInternationalFeaturedStandards(IFS):Food.
Quality-wise,therequirementswilldependheavilyontheend-usageofthesesameseeds,whichincludesthefollowingfactors:taste,odor,oilcontent,puritylevel,uniformity,andwhetheritishulledornatural.Buyersmayeachhavedifferentrequirements,and it iscritical tomeettheseneedsinordertobeacompetitiveproductinthemarket.
Japanallowsimportsofsesameseedscontainingnotracesofpesticidesor insecticides,whichhasdeterredcountries fromexporting to thecountry. IndiahashaddifficultyexportingsesameseedstoJapanasIndia’ssesameseedproductshaveahistoryofcontainingpesticideresidues.
Part III
Global Market Dynamics
3.1 Production
3.2 Exports
3.3 Imports
3.4 Consumption
3.5 Global Price Trends in Recent Years
Part. II 13
Global Market Dynamics
AccordingtoanevaluationfromMordorIntelligence,theglobalsesameseedmarketisprojectedtohaveUSD7.24billioninconsumptionvalueby2024comparedtotheUSD6.56billionin2018,carryingaCAGRof1.7%.Themarketconsistsmostlyofdevelopingcountries,specificallyinAfrica,whichhasrapidlyexpandeditsproductioninlinewiththerisingdemandfromEastAsia,namelyChina,Japan,andSouthKorea.Thesupplyofsesameseedsandsesameoilhasnotbeenabletomatchthegrowthofdemand,asthereareonlyafewmajorsuppliers,whileChinahasfalleninproduction.High-endbuyingcountries,suchasJapan,hadexpectedcompetitionwithinprocurementforsesameseedsinthefollowingyears,althoughthecurrentpandemicmayhavetemporarilyhaltedthegrowthoftheindustry.
Production (ProductionlevelsindicatedmightnotreflectthetradeHScode:120740,asitisbasedontheFAOSTAT.)
WorldproductionforsesameseedsiscurrentlyledbySudan,Myanmar,India,Nigeria,andTanzania.Sudanhasrecordedexceedinglyhighlevelsofproductionwith981KMT,whileMyanmarproduced768.85KMT,rankingasthesecond-largestproducer in2018.Asreflectedinthelistofhigh-producingcountries,productionsharehasbeenpredominantlydividedintotworegions:59.4%Africa,and37.5%Asiain2018.FromtheFAOSTAT,anaverageofproductiondatafrom1994-2018indicatedthatthetopproducershavebeenprimarilyIndia,Myanmar,andChina,whichhaschangedovertheyearsasaresultofAfricancountriesbecomingmoreprominentinthesesameindustry.Multiplegovernmentinitiatives,investment in training farmers,aswellasenhancementofharvest,andpost-harvestpracticesweremajor factors in theriseofsesameproductioninAfrica.
Sesame Seed Production in AfricaAsahighlyself-reliantandlow-costcrop,sesameseedshavepropagatedinAfricancountriesasamain foreignexchangeearner,onlysecondtoothermajorcashcropssuchascoffeeandcotton.ProductionfromAfricamainlystreamlinestoChinawheretherawseedsareprocessed.SudanandTanzaniaholdoneofthehighestacreagesofsesameseedsintheworld,andalthoughitsyieldiscomparativelylowerthanthoseofMyanmarandChina,Africancountrieshaveincreasedproductiononlyinaspanofafewyears,especially inSudanandNigeriaasthecountriesbecomelessreliantonoilasitssourceofexports.
Part. III
14
Global Market Dynamics
Export
Import
Production quantity of sesame seeds in top producing countries
Thetopexporters forsesameseedsareSudan, India,Ethiopia,andNigeria.SudanandIndiahavesimilarsharesinworldexports,withSudancomprising19.7%andIndia17.2%in2019.Theworldexportedvalueforsesameseedsfromthepastdecadeincreasedfrom2010-14andthendeclinedthereafter.Itwitnessedaslightincreasefrom2018-19,owedtocountrieslikeTanzania,Niger,Mozambique,andMyanmar.
Chinaheavily importssesameseedsfromAfricancountries,and it isevidentasSudan,Niger,Ethiopia,andTanzaniaareitstopcountriesforsourcing.Additionally,China’simportsrepresent36%oftheworldimportsofsesameseedsin2019,andmorethan95%ofimportshaveoriginatedfromAfrica.Thesecountries’haveaclosepartnershipwithChina.Ethiopia, forexample,usesforeigncurrencyearnedbysesameseedexportstopaybacktheirloansforconstructiondonebyChina.
AfterChina,thehighest importershavebeenJapan,Turkey, India,andKorea,with9%,8%,5.8%,and4.3%sharesinworldimportsrespectivelyin2019.Japanisconsideredahigh-endmarketformanysesameseed
Part. II
15
Global Market Dynamics
Consumption
Global Price Trends in Recent Years
suppliersand,since2012,hasslowlyphasedoutitsrelianceonimportsfromParaguayduetoprice increasesfromproductioncuts,turningtoCentralAmericaandAfricainstead.Indiasawthemostgrowthinsesameseedimportswitha51%increaseinvaluebetween2015-19,and,morerecently,a193%growth invaluebetween2018-19. India, likeChina,importsheavilyfromAfrica.
Tanzania isknowntohavethehighestglobalconsumptionofsesameseedsbasedonmetrictonnes(MT),holdinga21%sharewhileChinaandSudanwasat19%and9%, respectively,accordingtodatafromIndexBoxin2016.Myanmar, India,Ethiopia,andNigeriaeachheld6%.Between2007-16,Tanzaniaindicatedthehighestlevelsofgrowthwithinsesameseedconsumption, increasingbymorethan32.5%,whileChinaremainedat9.1%.Thegrowthwasattributedtotheincreaseinsesameoilproduction.Intermsofpercapitaconsumption,Tanzanialedagainwith30.8kgperyear,followedbySudanwith17.6kgperyearandMyanmarwith10.1kgperyearin2016.
Sesameseedpricesgloballyhavereachedoneof thehighestpointsin2014,owingtoChina’sswitchfromprioritizingexportstoprioritizingimportsinstead.FormanyChinesefarmers,growingsesameseedsisaverytediousprocessthatrequiresagreatdealofmanualwork,andmanyhaveoptedtogrowvegetablesinstead.Domesticdemandforsesameoilhasalsoclimbedaswell,whichresultedinChinalookingforcountriestosourcetherawmaterialfrom.Duringtheperiod,India,amajorproducer,hashadpoorharvestsaswell,drivingthepricestoincreaseevenfurther.
Ingeneral,sesameseedsarefoundtohavea25-30%pricevolatilityannuallyduetofluctuationsinsupplies.Thus,pricesaredependentonthesuppliesofmajorproducersand importers,specifically IndiaandChina.Forexample,because Indiahasbeenhitbystrongmonsoonsandunnaturalweatherconditions,suppliershavestarted lookingforalternativesources,andAfricancountrieswereanattractiveoptionduetotheirlowpricepoints.
Part IV
Country Profile
4.1 India
4.2 Sudan
4.3 Nigeria
4.4 Ethiopia
4.5 Tanzania
Part. IV 17
Country Profile
India Major varieties for Export:WhiteandBlackvarietiesMajor Producing Regions:Gujarat,WestBengal,Karnataka,Rajasthan,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,TamilNandu,andAndhraPradesh
Production and Export Trends Indiahas indicatedageneralgrowth inproductionforsesameseeds,althoughithasnotbeenconsistentovertheyears.Productionpeakedin2010at893KMT,withproductionin2018at746KMT.Withinthepast15-16years,theareaofsesameseedproductionhasincreasedby1.05timesinsize,1.4timesinproductionvolume,and1.3timesinyieldaccordingtotheIndianOilseedsandProduceExportPromotionCouncil(IOPEPC).Productionandyield,however,havebeenmorestatic inrecentyears.Indiansesameseedcropshave recently facedunfavorableweatherconditionsthathaveyettofullyrecovertopreviouslevels.
IndiaexportsthemostsesameseedstotheUnitedStates,witha7.7%shareinIndia'sexports.OthermajorexportdestinationsincludeKorea(6.5%),Vietnam(5.6%),andRussia(5.2%).India,unliketherapidlygrowingsesame industriesofotherAfricancountries,hassegmented theirsesameseedexportstomultiplechannels. Indiahasbeenattemptingtopenetratethehigh-endmarketslikeJapan,buthassofarprovedtobeunsuccessfulasbuyersareapprehensiveaboutthequalityof theproducts,especiallyduetoJapaneseregulationsthatdonotallowanytracesofpesticidesorinsecticides.
Inmorerecentevents,coronavirus-relatedlockdownhasdisruptedtrade,andpriceshavefallenbynearly19%inGujaratinApril,fromINR13,673perquintal thepreviousyear to INR11,113perquintal.Thisseason’sharvests,whicharrivedinmid-May,havealsoprovedtobebetterthanthelast,addingtothepricedecrease.
Part. IV
18
Country Profile
Production and Export Trends Major varieties: White,Brown,andMixedvarietiesMajor Producing Regions:KordofanState,KassalaState
Since2012,asidefromtheslightdecreaseinproductionin2015,Sudanwitnessedanincreaseintheareaharvestedaswellasinproduction.Itreached981Kin2018,nearly5timesthevolumefrom2012,accordingtotheFAOstatistics.
SudanhasconsistentlymaintaineditspositionasatopexporteramongotherAfricancountriesthanksto its largeproductionscale.Recently,however,Sudanhasclimbedthewatchlistoffoodinsecurity.Thecountryreached(Level3+-Crisis inanalyzedpopulation),accordingto theIntegratedFoodSecurityPhaseClassification(IPC),asaresultofinflationwhichhasshotupcostsofstaplefoods.Sudanhasalsosufferedfromthecoronavirusrestrictions,whichhascausedlaborshortagesanddisruptedsupplychains.
Main Varieties for Export:WhiteandLightBrownvarietiesMajor Producing Regions:Jigawa,Kano,Katsina,Nassarawa,Benue,andTaraba
White(FoodGrade)seedsaregrownnearthetownsofKeffi,Lafia,andDomaintheNasarawaandTarabastate,aswellasMakurdiintheBenuestate.
Production and Export Trends Nigeriahaswitnessedimmensegrowthintheareaharvestedforsesameseedsinashortperiodoftimeand,consequently,inyieldsaswellsince2011.In2011,theareaharvestedforsesameseedsrecorded191.5Kha,whichthen increasedtonearly500Kha in2012.Productionhasalsogrownfrom229KMTto995KMTduringthesameperiod,anincreaseofnearly334%.LikeSudan,Nigeriahasbeenreducingitsdependencyonoilandfocusingonagriculturalcommodities.Nigeria’s largestcustomerisJapan,whereNigeriafacesnotariffsinitsexports.Thecountrytookup23.2%ofNigeria’sexports in2019.JapancouldbeNigeria’smostfavorablemarket in theFarEast,asChinaharnessesa5%tariffonimportsandKoreawithanimmense630%tariff.Inrecentyears,duetothe increaseddemandforsushiandhummus,
Sudan
Nigeria
Part. IV
19
Country Profile
Nigeriahasenjoyeda40%increaseinsesameseedoutputduringthe2017-18seasoncomparedtothepreviousyear,accordingtoBloomberg.Farmers inNigeriahaveseena reduction inproductiondue to thecoronaviruslockdown.SesameseedfarmsinNigeriaareprimarilylocatedintheNorthernregions,wheretherehavebeencasesofterroristattacks.Somefarmershadtofleetheir landsandhavebeenunabletoreturntotendtotheircrops.
Main Varieties for Export:Humera(FragrantWhite),Wollega(oil-rich),Fumera(sweet,usedthemostforbreadandconfectionery,afatcontentof50%)Major Producing Regions: WesternpartsofTigray,Welega
Production and Export TrendsSince2002,Ethiopiahasgraduallyincreaseditsareaandproductionforsesameseeds,reachingpeakproductionof327.74KMTin2010.Afteradecreasefrom2010-12,productionhasrisenagaintonearpeaklevels,with301KMTin2018.ChinaholdsamassiveshareinEthiopia’sexports,withnearly54%in2019,andanexportedvalueofUSD178.4million.
Ethiopiahasquicklyrisenasoneofthetopproducersforsesameseeds,thanksinpartduetoalargedemandfromChina,butalsoduetomultiplegovernment incentives.AccordingtoBloomberg, landforprocessinghasbeenprovidedfor free,and importandexportdutieshavebeenwaivedfortheproductionofpulses,oilseeds,andspices.TheEthiopianagriculture investmentenvironmenthasbeengood, specifically inoilseeds,spice,andpulses,withthegovernmentcommittingtoputtingin80%ofbankloansintotheindustry.In2008,EthiopiaalsoestablishedtheEthiopianCommodityExchange(ECX)withthegoalofcreatingfairtradewithcommoditiessuchascoffeeandsesameseeds.TheonsetofthecoronavirusisexpectedtohindermanyofthestridesmadeinEthiopiato improvethesesameseedsector,withshortages inseasonal labor,anduncertaintiesindemand,farmersarenotlikelytocultivateasmuchsesameseedsastheyhaveinpreviousyears.
Ethiopia
Part. IV
20
Country Profile
Production and Export Trends Productionforsesameseeds inTanzania, likeotherAfricancountries,hasgrownathighratesovertheyears.Thecombinationofthesmallboostinthepricesandthecomparablylowerproductionandoperation-relatedcostsforsesameseedshavedrivenfarmerstoswitchovertothecrop.Fromaround2010,therehasbeenaspikeinproduction,whichreacheditspeakin2015of1.17millionMT,whichhassinceleveledoffto561KMT.Comparedtoothercountries,productioninTanzaniaisseentobeatnearlyexponential levels;atonepoint, itbecamethenumberoneproducerintheworld.
LikeotherAfricancountries,TanzaniaexportsthemosttoChina,whichheldan87.2%shareofTanzania’sexportsin2019.TheexportedvaluetoChina,however,hasreacheditshighestpointin2013-14andhassincedecreased,thenslightlyincreasedin2018toUSD70.58million.
PricesofsesameseedsdecreasedaccordingtotherecentauctionsinJune.OntheTanzaniaMercantileExchange(TMX),priceshoveredaroundTZS1900andTZS2500perkg,wheninthepreviousyear,priceswerearoundTZS3000perkg.InJuly,however,asTanzaniaapproachedtheendofitsseason,pricesincreasedrapidly,whichisthoughttobeasaresultofbuyerspurchasingthecommoditybybulkandwaitingtoselluntilglobalpricesaremorefavorable.
Tanzania
Part. V 21
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Tridge.SesameSeedGuide.
ITCTradeMap.HS:120740.
FAOSTAT.SesameSeeds.
CQUniversityAustralia.“MarketAnalysisofSesameSeed.”
IndianOilseedsandProduceExportPromotionCouncil.“RationalizingIndianSesameImports.”
ChinaChamberofCommerceofImportandExportofFoodstuffs,NativeProduceandAnimalBy-products(CFNA).
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marketshare?”