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7 .

D. S. LEE

S. P. PLATANIAG. H. BURGESS

North Carolina Biological SurveyContribution No. 1983-6

1

ATLAS OFNORTH AMERICANFRESHWATER

FISHES1983 Supplement

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PUBLICATIONS OF THENORTH CAROLINA BIOLOGICAL SURVEY

The occasional publications of the North Carolina Biological Survey are devotedto scientific papers in various disciplines within the general fields of botany andzoology. Publications to be issued at irregular intervals include collections of shortpapers, book-length studies, and proceedings of symposia sponsored by the Survey.

Biological Survey publications are distributed by the North Carolina StateMuseum of Natural History, P.O. Box 27647, Raleigh, N.C. 27611. Checks should bemade payable to NCDA, Museum Extension Fund.

Occasional Papers of the

North Carolina Biological Survey

1 9 8 3 { 1 1

6

$ 5, postpaid

1983 by the North Carolina Biological Survey and theNorth Carolina State Museum of Natural History

A Division of the North Carolina Department of AgricultureJames A. Graham, Commissioner

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ATLAS OFNORTH AMERICANFRESHWATER

FISHES1983 Supplement

D. S. LEES. P. PLATANIAG. H. BURGESS

Illustrations by R. Kuhler

ROL/N

AP

P

4

7

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Introduction

1

Freshwater Fishes of the Greater Antilles

3

Families:

Lepisosteidae gars

7

Bythitidae cusk-eels

8

Poeciliidae livebearers11

Cyprinodontidae killifishes52

Rivulidae rivulids

57

Synbranchidae swamp-eels

62

Cichlidae cichlids

63

Index

66

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INTRODUCTION

At the request of Richard Franz, we decided back in 1979 to include thefreshwater fishes of the Greater Antilles in the Atlas of North American Fresh-water Fishes. As deadlines approached, it became apparent that the accounts ofthese species would not be available in time for their inclusion in the 1980 edi-tion. At first we assumed that these species would simply be printed later sothey could be inserted into the Atlas. The number of species and inclusion ofseveral additional orders makes this impractical.

The accounts presented in this Supplement will interest mostly a small coreof ardent ichthyologists. Nevertheless, collectively the accounts represent animportant contribution compiled from a wide array of publications, many ofwhich are obscure and were issued over a rather protracted period of time. As inthe 1980 edition of theAtlas, the information presented here is a first attempt toassemble pertinent materials. Critical persons will have little trouble recogniz-ing the shortcomings of this Supplement. Unfortunately, they probably will notalso appreciate the difficult task of compiling the information, the illustrations,and the maps. Franz, Rivas, and Burgess are to be commended for the effort putinto this Supplement.

Appreciation is extended to Renaldo Kuhler, scientific illustrator of theNorth Carolina State Museum, for preparation of many of the illustrations thatappear here. The co-editors, Platania and Burgess, assisted with production and

helped obtain many of the more obscure details presented.Much of the introductory material, as well as addresses of compilers, which

appeared in the first printing of theAtlas, is also pertinent to this Supplement.Although the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service did not fund this portion of theproject, I thank them, particularly James A. McCann, for encouragement andsupport.

For the record, 19 accounts of mainland North American freshwater fishesaccompany this Supplement. These represent mostly species undescribed in1980. It is intended that they be inserted in the 1980 et sequel edition of theAtlas and included under that volume in future citation. For practical and logis-tical purposes, however, this 1983 Supplement is best cited as a separate work.

DAVE LEEN.C. State MuseumSeptember 1983

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FRESHWATER FISHES OF THE GREATER ANTILLES

The freshwater ichthyofauna of the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,Puerto Rico, and the smaller islands making up the Greater Antilles includes atleast 59 species of native freshwater fishes, 24 exotics, and 50 marine invaders.These fishes live in a broad range of habitats, including small and large rivers,coastal mangrove swamps, streams, mountain torrents, springs, freshwaterswamps, ponds and lakes, subterranean waters, and hypersaline lakes and pools.The greatest number of species occurs on the two largest islands, Cuba and His-paniola, where the greatest diversity of aquatic habitats exists (Table 1). Oddly,Puerto Rico has no native freshwater species. Local endemism is the rule amongfreshwater fishes in this region, with many species confined to single sites orrestricted areas of an island; only Gambusia puncticulata is relatively wide-

spread throughout the region. The high rate of endemism can be attributed notonly to the insular nature of the region but also to the complexity of the localtopography and geological history.

The marine species that commonly invade freshwater habitats on theseislands are listed in Table 2, but are not included in the species accounts pre-sented here. Some of them already have been dealt with in the 1980 edition ofthe Atlas, and their inclusion with the insular fishes would have necessitatedduplication and revision of a number of pre-existing accounts. Additionally, dis-tributional records for many of these species are scant and/or so widely scat-tered in collections that an uneven treatment would result. Typically these

marine invaders are widely distributed in both insular and continental habitatsthroughout the region, where they form an important component of the fresh-

water fauna. Exotic species are listed in Table 3, but are not covered in thespecies accounts, owing to the paucity of reliable records. Some, however, havebeen treated in previously published sections of theAtlas.

The native fish fauna of the neighboring Lesser Antilles is sparse; only fivefreshwater species are known: Ophisternon aenigmaticum, Poecilia reticulata, P.vivipara, Rivulus harti, and R. marmoratus. The last two are marine invadersand the two Poecilia species have zoogeographic affinities with South America.Ophisternon aenigmaticum, which is found in Trinidad, ranges into the GreaterAntilles (Cuba).

The inclusion of Antillean species in the Atlas was prompted by several fac-tors. Most importantly, this fauna has its greatest affinity with fish faunas in thesouthern portions of North America, especially Mexico and Central America.

The fauna has never been categorically summarized, and some of the species hadnever been illustrated. The biology of many of the species has not been studied.

This is an unfortunate situation because, as it is in many adjacent areas, wide-spread habitat destruction is occurring, and many of the species discussed hereappear in jeopardy. In recent years this region has become the focus of manybiogeographical studies, and our accounts should provide additional support forthe formulation of viable biogeographical hypotheses.

Ordinal and familial designations involving killifishes follow Parenti (1981.Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 168:335-557) rather than the American FisheriesSociety checklist, which appeared in 1980. Thus, Rivulidae is used for fishes ofthe genus Rivulus, and Cyprinidontiformes replaces Atheriniformes as the orderfor the Cyprinodontidae, Poeciliidae, and Rivulidae. We also choose to accept

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TABLE 1. Freshwater fishes of the Bahamas, Cuba, the Cayman Islands,Jamaica, and Hispaniola.

Bahamas Cuba CaymanIs. Jamaica Hispaniola

LepisosteiformesLepisosteidaeAtractosteus tristoechus

OphidiiformesBythitidae

Lucifuga dentatus

Lucifuga spelaeotesLucifuga subterraneus

CyprinodontiformesPoeciliidae

Gambusia beebeiGambusia dominicensisGambusia his paniolaeGambusia mela pleuraGambusia pseudo punctataGambusia punctataGambusia puncticulataGambusia wrayiGambusia xanthosoma

Girardinus creolusGirardinus cubensisGirardinus denticulatusGirardinus falcatusGirardinus metallicusGirardinus microdactylusGirardinus serripenisGirardinus uninotatusLimia caymanensisLimia dominicensisLimia fuscomaculataLimia garnieriLimia grossidensLimia immaculataLimia melanogasterLimia

melanoizotata

Limia miragoanensisLimia nigrofasciataLimia ornataLimia pauciradiataLimia perugiaeLimia rivasiLimia sulphurophiliaLimia tridensLimia versicolorLimia vittataLimia yaguajali

Limia zonataPoecilia dominicensisPoecilia elegansPoeciliahis paniolanaQuintana atrizona

CyprinodontidaeCyprinodon

bondiCyprinodon laciniatusCyprinodon variegatus baconiCubanichthys cubensisCubanichthys pengelleyi

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TABLE 1,

Bahamas

continued

Cuba Cayman Is Jamaica HispaniolaRivulidae

Rivulus cylindraceusRivulus garciaiRivulus heyei

Rivulus insulaepinorumRivulus roloffi

SynbranchiformesSynbranchidae

Ophisternon aenigmaticum

PerciformesCichlidae

Cichlasoma

haitiensisCichlasoma

ramsdeniCichlasoma

tetracanthus

TOTALSOrder (5) 1 5 1 1 2

Family (7) 2 7 1 2 4

Genus (12) 2 10 2 3 7

Species (59) 3 23 3 5 28

TABLE 2. Marine species of the Greater Antilles known or expectedto occur in fresh waters.

Elopidae:Elops saurus, Megalops atlanticus

Anguillidae:Anguilla rostrata

Clupeidae: Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, Harengula clupeola

Engraulidae:Anchoa hepsetus, A. parva

Ariidae:Bagre marinus

Belonidae: Strongylura notata, S. timucu

Atherinidae: Chriodorus atherinoides

Syngnathidae: Oostethus brachyurus, Pseudo phallus mi i

Centropomidae: Centropomus ensiferus, C. parallelus, C. pectinatus, C. undecimalis

Carangidae: Caranx hippos, C. latus

Lutjanidae:Lutjanus apodus,L. griseus, L. jocu

Gerreidae:Diapterus auratus, Eucinostomus argenteus, E. gula, Eugerres plumieri, Gerrescinereus

Haemulidae: Pomadasys crocro

Mugilidae: Agonostomus monticola, Joturus pichardi, Mugil cephalus, M. curema,M. hospes, M. liza, M. trichodon

Eleotridae:Dormitator maculatus, Eleotris pisonis, Gobiomorus dormitor, Guavina gua-vina

Gobiidae: Awaous tajasica, Gobiodes broussoneti, Gobionellus boleosoma, G. pseudofasci-ata, G. spes, Lophogobius cyprinoides, Sic ydium plumieri

Gobiesocidae: Gobiesox nudus

Soleidae: Trinectes inscriptus

Tetraodontidae: Sphoeroides testudineus

Rivulidae:Rivulus marmoratus

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TABLE 3. Established exotic species.

Species

Dorosoma petenense

Carassius aura tus

Barbus conchonius

Pimephales promelas

Ictalurus catus

Ictalurus nebulosus

Ictalurus punctatusGambusia affinis

Poecilia helleri

Poecilia maculatus

Poecilia reticulata

Lepomis auritus

Lepomis gulosus

Lepomis macrochirus

Lepomis microlophus

Micro pterus coosae

Micro pterus salmoides

Astronotus ocellatus

Cichla ocellaris

Tilapia aurea

Tilapia honorum

Tilapia mossambica

Tilapia nilotica

Tilapia rendalli

Where found

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto RicoHispaniola, Puerto Rico

Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico

Jamaica, Puerto Rico


Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico


Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Wiley's (1976. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 64:1-111) elevation of

Atractosteus to generic status in theA. tristoechus account, rather than relegat-ing it to the subgeneric level as was done in the 1980 checklist.

R. FRANZ

G. H. BURGESS

Florida State Museum

Gainesville

August 1983

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Atractosteus tristoechus (Bloch andSchneider)

Cuban gar or ManjuariOrder LepisosteiformesFamily Lepisosteidae

TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba (Bloch andSchneider 1801. Systema Ichthyologiae Iconi-bus CX Illustratum, 1-584).

SYSTEMATICS: Atractosteus elevated to

generic level by Wiley (1976. Univ. Kans.Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Pub!.64:1-111); consi-dered a subgenus of Lepisosteus by Suttkus(1963. Order Lepisostei, in Mem. Sears Found.Mar. Res. 1[3]:61-88). Other extant Atractos-teus are tropicus and spatula, the latter con-sidered most closely related to tristoechus byWiley (1976).

Cuba: ca. 85 mm SL (Wiley1977).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Knownonly from western Cuba and Isle of Pines,especially Cienaga de Zapata, Cuba. Inhabitsrivers and lakes (Alayo 1973. Torreia 29:1-55).

BIOLOGY:Grows to about 30 cm at end offirst year. Young are fed on by introducedMicropterus salmoides. Feeds on fishes andbirds (Wiley in Fishes 1978. W. Fischer [ed.];F OSpecies Identification Sheets, CentralWestern Atlantic, Vol. 3).

ADULT SIZE: Female, 470 mm; 2000 mmmaximum. Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.


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Lucifuga dent atus (Poey)Toothed Cuban cusk-eel

TYPE LOCALITY: Cave of Cajio, 8.4 km sof La Guira de Melena, Cuba (Poey 1861.Memorias Sobre la Historia Natural de laIsla de Cuba 2:95-114).

SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily Brosomophy-

cinae, subgenus Stygicola (Cohen and Nielson1978. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 417: 1-72). Closest relative isL. spelaeotes, endemicto New Providence Island, Bahamas (Cohenand Robins 1970. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.83:133-44).

Order OphidiiformesFamily Bythitidae

Cuba (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Innumerous caves in southern Cuba, frequentlysyntopically with L. subterraneus. Water inthese sink-hole limestone caves is usuallycovered with a crust of carbonate of lime dueto evaporation and discharge of carbon diox-ide from the surface of the still water(Eigenmann 1902. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm.[1903] 22:213-36).

ADULT SIZE: Male 152 mm maximum,female 120 mm maximum.

BIOLOGY: Viviparous. Food includesciro-

lanid isopods (Eigernmann 1902). Males usu-ally larger than females.

Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.

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Lucifuga spelaeotes Cohen and RobinsNew Providence cusk-eel

TYPE LOCALITY: Mermaid's Pool, a lime-stone sink near Nassau, New ProvidenceIsland, Bahamas (Cohen and Robins 1970.Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 83:133-44).

SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily Brosmophy-

cinae, tribe Brosmophycini, subgenus Stygic-ola (Cohen and Nielsen 1978. NOAA Tech.Rep. NMFS Circ. 417: 1-72). Most primitivemember of the genus; closest relative is theCuban endemic L . dentatus (Cohen and Rob-ins 1970).


New Providence Island nearNassau. 109 mm SL (NCSM).

BAHAMAS

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: A sin-gle limestone sink on New Providence Island,Bahamas. Vegetation surrounding the sink ispredominantly pine and scrub growth; waterlevel is several feet below the surface andrepresents the exposed water table. Salinityone meter below surface measured 4.6 ppt(Cohen and Robins 1970).

ADULT SIZE: Male 109 mm SL (holotype).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.



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Lucifuga subterraneus PoeyCuban cusk-eel

TYPE LOCALITY: Caves of San Antonio insouthern Cuba (Poey 1861. Memorias Sobrela Historia Natural de la Isla de Cuba2:95-114).

SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily Brosmophy-

cinae, tribe Brosmophycini, subgenusLucif-uga (Cohen and Nielsen 1978. NOAA Tech.Rep. NMFS Circ. 417: 1-72). Most specializedmember of the genus (Cohen and Robins 1970.Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 83:133-44).


(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Anumber of caves in southern Cuba, wherefrequently found syntopically with L. denta-tus. The caves are sink-holes formed by solu-tion of underlying limestone. Water is usu-ally covered with a crust of carbonate of limedue to evaporation and discharge of carbondioxide from the surface of the still water(Eigenmann 1902. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm.[1903] 22:213-36).

ADULT SIZE: Male, 94 mm maximum,female, 93 mm maximum.

BIOLOGY: Viviparous; a 65 mm femalecontained four 20 mm young. Food includescirolanid isopods (Eigenmann 1902). Femalesusually larger than males.



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Gambusia beebei MyersMiragoane gambusia

TYPE LOCALITY: Etang de Miragoane,sw end of lake, from Aux Cayes Road, Haiti(Myers 1935. Zoologica 10:301-16).

SYSTEMATICS: Gambusia punctata species

group (Rivas 1963. Copeia: 331-47; Rosen andBailey 1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 126:1-176). More closely related to G. pseudopunc-tata than to other members of the G. punc-tata group (Rivas 1969. Copeia: 778-95).

Order CyprinodontiformesFamily Poeciliidae

Haiti: Lake Miragoane, male,32 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Appar- BIOLOGY: Unknown.ently endemic to Etang de Miragoane in thecentral portion of the Tiburon Peninsula, insouthwestern Haiti (Rivas 1969).

ADULT SIZE: Males 26-33 mm SL, females Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-32-59 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Gambusia dominicensis ReganDominican gambusia

TYPE LOCALITY: "Haiti" (Regan 1913.Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1 977-1018).

SYSTEMATICS: Gambusia nobilis species

group (Fink 1971. Publ.Gulf Coast Res. LabMus. 2:47-77). Only member of this speciesgroup in the West Indies. Known only fromthe type series.

Order CyprinodontiformesFamilyPoeciliidae

Haiti: Male 20 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Un-known. Despite extensive collecting in His-paniola the species has not been re-collected.It is not known for sure that the type seriesactually originated from Hispaniola.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

ADULT SIZE: The original series consistedof a female 53 mm SL and two males, each Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-25 mm TL. ary 1983.


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Gambusia his paniolae FinkHispaniolan gambusia

TYPE LOCALITY: Source Trou-Caiman,Cul-de-Sac Plain, Dept. de l'Quest, Haiti (Fink1971.

Publ.Gulf Coast Res. Lab. Mus. 2:47-77).

SYSTEMATICS: In G . nicaraguensis spe-

cies group (Fink 1971).


Haiti: Source Trou-Caiman,Cul-de-Sac Plain, Dept. del'Ouest, male 27 mm SL(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT:Fresh-water habitats in central Haiti and southw-est Dominican Republic. Common in springsentering the large brackish and salt waterlakes in the Cul-de-Sac and Valle-de-Neibaplains. Fink (1971) speculated that G . hispa-niolae replaced G . beebei, and G . pseudopunc-tata throughout most of the island whichresulted in the confinement of the latter spe-cies to the Tiburon Peninsula.

ADULT SIZE: Males 18.1-29.8 mm SL,females 19.7-51.8 mm SL.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-ary 1983.


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Gambusia melapleura (Gosse)Striped gambusia


TYPE LOCALITY: "Bluefields, Jamaica"(Gosse 1851. A. Naturalists's Sojourn inJamaica).

SYSTEMATICS: Gambusia nicaraguensis

species group (Fink 1971. Publ.Gulf CoastRes. Lab. Mus. 2:47-77). Gambusia melapleuraclosely related to G. wrayi, and one may bethe ancestral stock of the other (Fink 1971).

Jamaica: Bluefields Rivermale, 34 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Knownonly from Bluefields River at Old Rest Houseand from the headwaters spring of theShrewsberry River, about 12 km northeast ofSavanna la Mar (Fink 1971).

BIOLOGY:Unknown.

ADULT SIZE: Males 20.9-34.2 mm SL, Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-females 25.4-59.1 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Gambusiapseudo punctata RivasTiburon Peninsula gambusia

TYPE LOCALITY: Spring at Roseau, 15km e of Jeremie, Dept. du Sud, Haiti (Rivas1969. Copeia: 778-95).

SYSTEMATICS: In G . punctata species

group (Rosen and Bailey 1963. Bull. Am.Mus. Nat. Hist. 126:1-176; Rivas 1963. Copeia:331-47). Closely related to G . beebei (Rivas1969).


Haiti: Spring at Roseaux, male,31 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known BIOLOGY: Unknown.only from springs and clear streams in thewestern half of the Tiburon Peninsula fromLes Cayes west, Dept. du Sud, Haiti.



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Gambusia punctata PoeyCuban gambusia

TYPE LOCALITY: Havana, Cuba (Poey1854. Memorias Sobre la Historia de la Islede Cuba 1:374-92).

SYSTEMATICS:Gantbusiapunctata species

group (Rivas 1963. Copeia:331-47; Rosen andBailey 1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 126:1-176). Closely related to G. rhizophorae (Rivas1969. Copeia:778-95). Isle of Pines populationsshow no geographic differentiation from thoseof the Cuban mainland (Rivas 1969).


Cuba: Province of Havana,Arroyo Hondo, male, 35 mmSL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Abun-dant in freshwater ponds, lakes, and streamsof Cuba and Isle of Pines. Usually occurs inschools, close to shore. Prefers stagnant orslow-flowing streams, although may be foundin mountain streams at elevations up to 600m (Rivas 1969).

BIOLOGY: Carnivorous surface feeder.Sympatric, but not

syntopic with northwestCuban populations of G. rhizophorae; sym-patric and syntopic with G. puncticulatathroughout Cuba and Isle of Pines.



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Gambusia puncticulata PoeyCaribbean gambusia

TYPE LOCALITY: Havana, Cuba (Poey1854. Memorias Sobre la Historia Natural dela Isla de Cuba 1:374-92).

SYSTEMATICS: Fink (1971. Publ Gulf

Coast Res. Lab. Mus. 2:17-22) provided anextensive account of this species. Six subspe-cies recognized: G . p. puncticulata (Poey1854), G . p. yucatana (Regan 1914. Ann. Mag.Nat. Hist. [Ser. 8] 14:65-67), G. p. manni(Hubbs 1927. Copeia: 61-65), G . p.

oucnert

(Rivas 1944. Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club 23:41-53), G . p. baracoana (Rivas 1944), and G . p.monticola (Rivas 1971. Publ. Gulf Coast Res.Lab. Mus. 2:5-9).


Cuba: Prov. of Oriente, RioJicoteu, male 27 mm SL(NCSM).

Modified from Fink 1971.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: In

fresh, brackish and salt waters in coastal andlowland areas. Gambusia p. puncticulataoccurs throughout Cuba, Isle of Pines,Jamaica, Cayman Islands, and Bahamas; G .p. manni in two lakes on New ProvidenceIsland in the Bahamas; G . p. yucatana fromnear Coatzacoalcos in Veracruz (Mexico) tothe outer parts of Yucatan, the Lake Petenregion of Guatemala and northern Belize; G .p. bucheri from Jicotea in the Moa River sys-tem in Oriente Province, Cuba; G . p. bara-coana in a backwater lagoon near the mouthof the Rio Baracoa on the northeast coast ofCuba; and G. p. monticola from the Rio Yaoof the Rio Cauto system in southeastern Cuba.

ADULT SIZE: Males 13.3-35.8 mm SL,

females 17.0-54.7 mm SL.

BIOLOGY: Information available in Krum-holz (1963. Int Rev. Hydrobiol. 48:201-56),Hubbs and Miller (1942. Occas. Pap. Mus.Zool. Univ. Mich. 458:1-12), and Breder (1934.Am. Mus. Novit. 719:1-3; 1934. Zoologica18:57-88).

Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-ary 1983.


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TYPE LOCALITY:"Jamaica" (Regan 1913.Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 11:977-1018).

Gambusia wrayi ReganWray's gambusia


SYSTEMATICS: Belongs to the G . nicara-

guensis species group (Fink 1971. Publ.GulfCoast Res. Lab. Mus. 2:47-77).Jamaica: Male 31 mmSL(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT:Occursin freshwater habitats on Jamaica, particu-larly in the southern drainages; replaced inbrackish and salt-water areas by G. p. punc-ticulata although both occasionally occurtogether (Fink 1971).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

ADULT SIZE: Males 16.2-32.2 mm SL, Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-females 21.0-56.4 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Gambusia xanthosoma GreenfieldCaymangambusia

TYPE LOCALITY: Mosquito control ditch( Herringbone system 25) constructed along aroad opposite the Taraquin Manor at WestBay, Grand Cayman Island, BWI (Greenfield1983. Copeia 1983:457-464).

SYSTEMATICS:Greenfield (1983) providedcomparisons between G. xanthosoma andseveral other species of Gambusia. He did notassign this species to any species group sincehe considered such placement premature atthis time.


Grand Cayman Island: Male(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type BIOLOGY: Unknown.locality. Water temperature in the ditch was32C; salinity was 30%.

ADULT SIZE: Males 22.8-34.4 mm SL; Compilers: R. Franz and G. H. Burgess,females 23.0-35.8 mm SL. August 1983.


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Girardinus creolus GarmanCreole topminnow

Order CyprinodontiformesFamily oeeiliidae

TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba (Garman 1895.Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 19:1-179).

SYSTEMATICS: Closely related to G. ser-

ripenis (Rivas 1958. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.102:281-320). Cuba: Pinar del Rio Province,male 28 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Prefers BIOLOGY: Food includes algae, aquaticpools and areas along banks of swift, clear, plants, and occasionally insect larvae (Rivascool, well-oxygenated highland streams in 558)southern drainages of Sierra de los Organos(30-150 m elevation), Pinar del Rio Province,Cuba. Midwater swimmers, never at the sur-face and seldom on the bottom, over hardsubstrates composed of smooth rocks, gravel,or sand (mostly from Rivas 1958).

ADULT SIZE: Males to 44 mm SL, females Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-to 70 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Girardinus cubensis (Eigenmann)Cuban topminnow

TYPE LOCALITY: Los Palacios, Pinar delRio Province, Cuba (Eigenmann 1903. BullU.S. Fish Comm. [1902] 22:211-36).

SYSTEMATICS: Considered ancestral to G .

denticulatus, G . metallicus, G . microdactylus,G . falcatus, and G . uninotatus (Rivas 1958.Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 102:281-320).

OrderCyprinodontiformes

Family Poeciliidae

Cuba: Pinar del Rio Province,male, 24.5 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Prefersstagnant water in ponds, lakes, and streamsin southern drainage of Sierra de los Orga-nos (15-150 m elevation), Pinar del Rio Pro-vince, Cuba. Occurs in midwater and on thebottom, seldom at the surface, over soft bot-toms, frequently with abundant aquaticvegetation (Rivas 1958).

ADULT SIZE: Males to 26 mm SL, femalesto 46 mm SL.

BIOLOGY: Feeds on the bottom and inaquatic vegetation mostly by scraping andsucking algae, mud, detritus, and occasion-ally insect larvae (Rivas 1958).



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TYPE LOCALITY: Remedios, Cuba (Gar-man 1895. Mem. Mug. Comp. Zoo . 19:1-179).

Girardinus denticulatus GarmanToothy topminnow

Order CyprinodontiformesFamily Poeeiliidae

SYSTEMATICS: Rivas (1958. Proc. Am.

Philos. Soc. 102:281-320) recognized the sub-species G . d. denticulatus and G . d. ramscleni(1944. Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club 23:41-53).

Cuba: Oriente Province, RioRancho Nueva, male, 38 mmSL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Typi-cal subspecies occurs in central and easternCuba, except Rio Guaso and Rio Yateras insoutheastern drainages of Sierra Maestra,Oriente Province, where it is

replacedby G .d. ramsdeni. Found in ponds, lakes, andstreams but prefers

clear

sluggish streams.

BIOLOGY: Feeds on the bottom and onaquatic vegetation, scraping and suckingdiatoms, algae, detritus,

mud., and occasion-ally insect larvae (Rivas 1958).



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Girardinus falcatus (Eigenmann)Goldbelly topminnow

TYPE LOCALITY: San Cristobal, Pinar delRio Province, Cuba (Eigenmann 1903. Bull.U.S. Fish Comm. [1902] 22:211-36).

SYSTEMATICS: Closely related to G. uni-

notatus (Rivas 1958. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.102:281-320).


Cuba: male (NCSM, fromEigenmann 1903).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Inponds, lakes, and lowland streams (2-150,usually less than 30, m elevation) of centraland western Cuba and Isle of Pines (Rivas1958). Prefers stagnant water over muddysubstrate with abundant aquatic vegetation.

BIOLOGY: Feeds by gnawing and biting ondiatoms, algae, leaves of aquatic plants,detritus, and occasionally insect larvae (Rivas1958).

ADULT SIZE: Males to 37 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-to 85 mm SL. ary 1983.

TL S OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Supplement 1983-23

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Girardinus microdactylus RivasSmallfinger topminnow

TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Taco Taco, Jardinde Blain.Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba (Rivas1944. Proc. N. Engl.Zool. Club 23:41-53).

SYSTEMATICS: Closely related to G .metallicus (Rivas 1958. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.102:281-320).

Order CyprinodontiformesFamily

Poeciliidae

Cuba: Pinar del Rio Province,male, 29 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Occursin pools and along banks, occasionally in swiftwater, in highland streams of the southerndrainage of the Sierra de los Organos (15-150m elevation), western Cuba and Isle of Pines.Midwater and bottom swimmers occasionallyat or near the surface; sensitive to high chlo-rine content and warm, turbid, poorly oxy-genated, stagnant water.


BIOLOGY: Food consists of diatoms, algae,detritus, mud, and occasionally insect larvas(Rivas 1958).



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TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Taco Taco at Ran-gel, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba (Rivas 1958.Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 102:281-320).

Girardinus serripenis RivasSerrated topminnow


SYSTEMATICS: Most primitive member of

the genus and most closely related to G . creo-lus (Rivas 1958). Cuba: Pinar del Rio Province,

male, 31 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Occursin headwater streams of the Rio Taco Taco(245 to 300 m elevation), Pinar del Rio Pro-vince, Cuba. Apparently isolated from down-stream populations of poeciliid fishes by aseries of water falls, totaling about 90 m,which are impassible to fishes (Rivas 1958).

BIOLOGY: Feeds by gnawing, biting,scraping, and sucking on algae, aquaticplants, detritus, and rarely insect larvae(Rivas 1958).

ADULT SIZE: Males 27-36 mm SL, females Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-to 60 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Limia caymanensis Rivas and FinkGrand Cayman limia

TYPE LOCALITY: Coastal lagoon, 3.2 kmw of Old Man Bay, Grand Cayman Island,West Indies (Rivas and Fink 1970. Copeia:270-74).

SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas

1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38). Rosen andBailey (1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.126:1-176) relegated genus Limia to subge-nus of Poecilia; however, Rivas (1978. Nor-theast Gulf Sci. 2:98-112) presented evidencefor maintaining as

valid genus. Closelyrelated to L. vi,tt t of Cuba (Rivas and Fink1970).


Family Poeciliidae

Grand Cayman Island: West ofOld Man Bay, male, 28 mm SL(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Knownfrom Grand Cayman Island, but not from theother Cayman Islands. In brackish water inmangrove coastal lagoons and fresh water inlimestone depressions (Rivas and Fink 1970).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

ADULT SIZE: Males to 28.2 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-31.8 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Limia fuscomaculata RivasBlotched limia

TYPE LOCALITY: Southwest bight of LakeMiragoane, Dept. de l'Ouest, Haiti (Rivas1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).

SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Odontolimia

(Rivas 1980).


Haiti: Lake Miragoane, female,32 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re-

BIOLOGY: Unknown.stricted to Etang de Miragoane, in south-western Haiti (Rivas 1980).

ADULT SIZE: 26.4-39.0 mm SL (females

Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-only).ary 1983.


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Limia garnieri RivasGarnier's limia

TYPE LOCALITY: Northern end of LakeMiragoane, Dept. de l'Ouest, Haiti (Rivas1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).


(Rivas 1980).


Haiti: North end of LakeMiragoane, male, 26 mm SL(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re- BIOLOGY: Unknown.stricted to Etang de Miragoane in south-western Haiti (Rivas 1980).

ADULT SIZE: Only male 26.0 mm SL, only Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-female 28.8 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Limia grossidens RivasLargetooth limia

TYPE LOCALITY: North end, Lake Mira-goane, Dept. de l'Ouest, Haiti (Rivas 1980.Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).


(Rivas 1980).


Haiti: Lake Miragoane male, 48mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re- BIOLOGY: Unknown.stricted to Etang de Miragoane, in south-western Haiti (Rivas 1980).

ADULT SIZE: Males 27.5-39.2 mm SL, Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-females 29.6-39.5 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Limia immaculata RivasPlain limia

TYPE LOCALITY: North end of LakeMiragoane, Dept. de l'Ouest, Haiti (Rivas1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).


(Rivas 1980).



DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re- BIOLOGY: Unknown.stricted to Etang de Miragoane, in south-western Haiti (Rivas 1980).

ADULT SIZE: Species known only from onemale 21.3 mm SL, three females 23.9-37.7mm SL.



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Limia melanogaster (Gunther)Blackbelly limia

TYPE LOCALITY: Unspecified locality inJamaica (Gunther 1866. Catalogue of theFishes in the British Museum 6:1-368).

SYSTEMATICS: SubgenusLimia (Rivas

1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).Limiamelanogaster is considered the only validspecies of the genusLimia in Jamaica.Limiacaudofasciata is synonym ofL. melanogaster.


Family Poeciliidae

Jamaica: Spring at town ofBlack River, male 38 mm SL(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Streams BIOLOGY: Unknownin southern and western Jamaica.



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Limia miragoanensis RivasMiragoane limia

TYPE LOCALITY: North end of Lake Mira-goane, Dept. de l'Ouest, Haiti (Rivas 1980.Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).


(Rivas 1980).



DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re- BIOLOGY: Unknownstricted to Etang de Miragoane, in south-western Haiti (Rivas 1980).



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Limia nigrofasciata ReganHumpback limia

TYPE LOCALITY: Miragoane, Haiti( Regan 1913. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.11:977-1018).

SYSTEMATICS: SubgenusLimia (Rivas1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).


Haiti: Etang de Miragoanemale, 38 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Re-stricted to Etang de Miragoane, in south-western Haiti. Only member of the subgenus

Limia known to occur syntopically withmembers of the other subgenus Odarttolimia.Usually lives in large schools over a varietyof bottom types; young hide in vegetation.


BIOLOGY: In aquaria, individuals (particu-larly older males) are sensitive to waterchanges, appearing to prefer constant tem-peratures between 24-26C with good oxyge-nation and water circulation. Territorialmales very aggressive toward each other,females usually not aggressive. Females pro-duce 15-30 large young (up to 13 mm) perdelivery. Adults cannibalistic on the young(Sorensen 1974. Trop. Fish Hobbyist23:37-45).



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TYPE LOCALITY: "Haiti" (Regan 1913.Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 11:977-1018).


(Rivas 1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).

Limia ornata ReganOrnate limia


Haiti: Etang de Miragoane(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: En- BIOLOGY: Unknown.demic to Etang de Miragoane, in south-western Haiti (Rivas 1980).



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Limia pauciradiata RivasFew-rayed limia


TYPE LOCALITY: Grand Riviere du Nordat town of Grand Riviere, Dept. du Nord,Haiti (Rivas 1980. Northeast Gulf Sci.4:28-38).

SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia ( Rivas

1980).Haiti: Grand Riviere du Nordat Grand Riviere, male, 35 mmSL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known BIOLOGY: Unknown.only from Grand Riviere du Nord, in north-eastern Haiti (Rivas 1980).



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Lim ia p e r u g ia e ( Evermann andClark)

Perugia's limiaOrder CyprinodontiformesFamily Poeciliidae

TYPE LOCALITY: San Francisco Moun-tains, Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)(Evermann and Clark 1906. Proc. U.S. Natl.Mus. 3:851-55).

SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia (Rivas1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).

. . - -

- - ; - - - - - , . : .

,

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t

t

A 1

' 7 -

.C g : .. -- -: .

-

...

: . . 4 '

'

- .

. . . . .

e s r i c i

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---

.1e

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-

71

..

. . : . - . .

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.-

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.

: -. . i . . . 6 t a . . . . . . .

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(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Streams BIOLOGY: Unknown.of the southern slope of Dominican Republic.

ADULT SIZE: Males to 30 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-

to 50 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Limia rivasi Franz and BurgessRivas's limia

TYPE LOCALITY: Tidal creek in a redmangrove swamp, 1 km se of Anse a Galet,La Gonave Island, Dept. of L'Ouest, Haiti.(Franz and Burgess 1983. Northeast GulfSci. 6:51-54).

SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Limia in thedominicensis species group (Franz and Bur-gess 1983).

Order CyprinodontiformesFamilyPoeciliidae

Haiti: La Gonave Island male,19.5 mm SL. (Franz andBurgess 1983).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Knownonly from the type locality, but suspected tooccur in other mangrove areas on the island,and possibly on the adjacent mainland. Orig-inal specimens were retrieved from "a shal-low tidal creek in a red mangrove swamp asthe tide was receding. Immature specimensof Cyprinodon cf. variegatus were associatedwith Limia rivasi at the site. Fishes werecollected in 5-10 cm deep water over organicmud. Springs originating in the adjacentlimestone bluff may have contributed somefreshwater to the tidal stream." (Franz andBurgess 1983).

ADULT SIZE: 17-31 mm SL.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

Compilers: R. Franz and G. H. Burgess. Jan-uary 1983.


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Limiasulphurophilia

RivasSulfur limia

TYPE LOCALITY: Balneario (spa) LaZurza, sulfur spring 5 km wnw Duverge,Province Independencia, Dominican Repub-lic (Rivas 1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).


1980).


Dominican Republic: BalnearioLa Zurza near Duverge, male,32 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT:Known BIOLOGY:Unknown.only from the type locality (Rivas 1980).



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Limia tridens (Hilgendorf)Trident limia

OrderCyprinodontiforrnes

Family Poeciliidae

TYPE LOCALITY: Port-au-Prince, Haiti(Hilgendorf 1889. Sitzber. Gesell. Naturf. Fr.Berlin 2:51-55).


1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).

Haiti: Dept. du Sud, Maniche,male 28 mmSL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: LowerArtibonite system, lakes, streams and springsCul de Sac Valle de Neiba Plain, and streamsof both slopes of Tiburon Peninsula, south-western Haiti.

BIOLOGY: Unknown

ADULT SIZE: Males to about 30 mm SL. Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-ary 1983.


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Limia versicolor (Gunther)Varicolored limia


TYPE LOCALITY: Santo Domingo(Dominican Republic) (Gunther 1866. Cata-logue of the Fishes in the British Museum6:1-368).


1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38). (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Rio BIOLOGY: Unknown.Haina, and streams of southern slope ofDominican Republic.

ADULT SIZE: Males 24-33 mm SL, females Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-32-45 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Limia vittata (Guichenot)Cuban limia

TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba (Guichenot inRamon de la Sagra, D. 1853.Histoire Phy-sique, Politique et NatureIle de l'Lle de Cuba2:1-206).

SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus LAntia (Rivas

1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).


(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT:Streams,lakes, estuaries, coastal lagoons, and man-grove swamps throughout Cuba and Isle ofPines.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.



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Limia yaguajali RivasYaguajal limia


TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Yaguajal at Santi-ago Rodriguez (Sabaneta), Province SantiagoRodriquez, Dominican Republic (Rivas 1980.Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38).


1980). Dominican Republic: RioYaguajal at Sabaneta, male, 34mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: RioYaguajal, a tributary of Rio Yaque del Norte,Dominican Republic. A series from Rivieredu Limbe at Limbe, Dept. du Nord, in north-eastern Haiti may also be referred to thisspecies (Rivas 1980).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

ADULT SIZE: Males 23.0-37.5 mm SL,Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-females 32.0-50.6 mm SL.ary 1983.


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Limia zonata (Nichols)Striped limia


TYPE LOCALITY: Railroad station atSanchez, Samana, Santo Domingo (DominicanRepublic) (Nichols 1915. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.Hist. 34:603-04).

SYSTEMATICS: SubgenusLimia (Rivas1980. Northeast Gulf Sci. 4:28-38). Limianicholsi considered synonym ofL.zonata. (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT:Streams BIOLOGY: Unknown.of Samana Peninsula and northern slope ofDominican Republic.

ADULT SIZE: Males 25-30 mm SL, females28-32 mm SL.



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Poecilia dominicensis (Evermann andClark)

Dominican molly

TYPE LOCALITY: San Francisco Moun-tains, 64 km from Santo Domingo city, SantoDomingo (Dominican Republic) (Evermannand Clark 1906. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.30:851-55).

SYSTEMATICS: SubgenusPoecilia.

Rosenand Bailey (1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.126:1-176) synonymized Mollienisia laty-poecilus

Limia

and other related genera withPoecilia and retained Limia as a subgenus.Under this consolidation, Platypoecilusdominicensis

became a junior homonym ofLimia dominicensis; therefore, Rosen and


Dominican Republic: Rio Camu,male, 26 mm SL (NCSM).

Bailey (1963) established the substitute namemontana for Platypoecilus dominicensis. Rivas(1978. Northeast Gulf Sci. 2:98-112) restoredLimia to generic status and reinstated thespecific name dominicensis according toArticle 59 (c) of the International Code ofZoological Nomenclature.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: RioMassacre to Rio Yuna systems in northernDominican Republic and from the headwat-ers of the Rio Haina and Rio Ozama. Preferssluggish water over sandy or muddy bottom(Rivas 1978).


BIOLOGY: Unknown.



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Poecilia hispaniolana RivasHispaniola molly

TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Mijo, at road fromA zua to San Juan, Province of Benefactor,Dominican Republic (Rivas 1978. NortheastGulf Sci. 2:98-112).

SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Poecilia. Closely

related to P. dominicensis (Rivas 1978).


Dominican Republic: Rio Yaquedel North at Jarabacoa, male(NCSM).

HISPANIOLA

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Con-fined to highland streams of central Hispani-ola, on north slope from upper Trois Rivieresand Artibonite systems of northwest Haiti toupper Rio Yuna system of northern Domini-can Republic, and on the south slope from theRio Yaque del Sur, Rio Ocoa, and a streamemptying into Lao Enriquillo in southwestDominican Republic (Rivas 1978). In streamsover shallow riffles.


BIOLOGY: Unknown.



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Quintana atrizona HubbsBarred topminnow


TYPE LOCALITY: An "aquarium bred fish,a descendant of aquarium stock said to havebeen collected in the vicinity of Baracoa,eastern Cuba" (Hubbs 1934. Occas. Pap. Mus.Zool. Univ. Mich. 301:1-8).

SYSTEMATICS: Monotypic genus relatedto the genera Girardinus of Cuba and Carl-hubbsia of Yucatan, Mexico; both Quintanaand Girardinus are thought to have arisen"on Cuba from invasion of a single or of twoclosely related forms" (Rosen and Bailey 1959.Zoologica 44:1-44).

Cuba (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Smallponds in western Cuba and the Isle of Pines;prefers dense thickets of aquatic vegetation(Rosen and Bailey 1963. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.Hist. 126:1-176; Rivas 1958. Proc. Am. Phi-los. Soc. 102:281-320; Rivas pers. observ.).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

ADULT SIZE: Males 14.0-19.5 mm SL,females 19.0-34.0 mm SL.



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Cyprinodon bondi MyersHispaniola pupfish

TYPE LOCALITY: Etang Saumatre, Haiti(Myers 1935. Zoologica 10:301-16).

SYSTEMATICS: Relationships within the

genus uncertain. Of the nominal species des-cribed from the West Indian region, only C.bondi and the Bahamian C. laciniatus standout sharply from the C. variegatus complex(Miller 1962. Copeia:836-37). Ordinal desig-nation follows Parenti (1981. Bull. Am. Mus.Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).

Order CyprinodontiformesFamily Cyprinodontidae

Dominican Republic: LagoEnriguillo (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: TwoHispaniolan saline lakes: Lago Enriquillo,Dominican Republic is hypersaline (48.9 ppt),

while Etang Saumatre, Haiti is brackish (7.4ppt) (Woodring et al. 1924. Geology of theRepublic of Haiti).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

ADULT SIZE: At least 66 mm SL.Compilers: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.


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Cyprinodon laciniatus HubbsandMiller

Bahama pupfish

TYPE LOCALITY: Lake Cunningham, NewProvidence Island, Bahamas (Hubbs andMiller 1942. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Mich. 458:1-11).


genus uncertain. Of the nominal species des-cribed from the West Indian region, only C.laciniatus and the Hispaniolan C. bondi standout sharply from the C. variegatus complex(Miller 1962. Copeia:836-37). Ordinal desig-nation follows Parenti (1981. Bull. Am. Mus.Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).


Bahamas: New ProvidenceIsland (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Com-mon in marl-limestone bottom lakes on NewProvidence Island, Great Bahama Bank,Bahamas (Bohlke and Chaplin 1968. Fishesof the Bahamas). Occurs in shallow (1.5 m orless), brackish (10-13 ppt) waters containingmuch algae in association with Gambusiapuncticulata manni (Hubbs and Miller 1942).

ADULT SIZE: Male 65.5 mm SL maximum,female 52.0 mm SL maximum.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

Compilers: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.


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Cyprinodon variegatus b eoni (Breder)Bahama sheepshead minnow

TYPE LOCALITY: Lake Forsyth, AndrosIsland, Bahamas (Breder 1932. Amer. Mus.Nov. 551, 8 p.).

SYSTEMATICS: Member of the variegatuscomplex, which also includes the nominalWest Indian forms dearborni, jamaicensis,riverendi, martae, andfelicianus (=riverendi),and the continental subspecies hubbsi, ovicepsand variegatus. Systematics of group badlyneeds revision. Some nominal forms may


Family Cyprinodontidae

(NCSM).

eventually warrant specific status, otherssubspecific. The subspecific designation forbaconi follows Miller (In press. Pisces, inAquatic Biota of Central America, Mexico,and the West Indies), who earlier (1962.Copeia 1962:836-37) rejected specific statusand noted that it might emerge as a goodsubspecies after study. Ordinal designationfollows Parenti (1981. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.Hist. 168:335-557).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Through-out the Bahamas, from freshwater (LakeForsyth) to fully marine situations (Bohlkeand Chaplin 1968. Fishes of the Bahamas).

ADULT SIZE: Grows to about half the size

of the continental U.S. C. v. variegatus, notachieving 50 mm SL (Bohlke and Chaplin1968).

BIOLOGY: A number of physiological, eco-logical, and behavioral studies have beenperformed on this subspecies by Breder (1934.Zoologica 18[3]:57-88; 1959. Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat. Hist. 117:430-31), Breder and Rasquin(1950. Science 111:10-12; 1951. Copeia 1951[1]:95-96), Fries (1952. Copeia 1952: 147-52),and Rosen and Gordon (1953. Zoologica381:1-47).

Compiler: George H. Burgess, August 1982.

Supplement 1983-

54 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES

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Cubanichthys cubensis (Eigenmann)Cuban killifish

TYPE LOCALITY: Streams of Pinar delRio, Cuba (Eigenmann 1903. Bull. U.S. FishComm. [1902] 22:211-36).

SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily ubanich-

thyinae, composed of C. cubensis and C. pen-gelleyi (Parenti 1981. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.Hist. 168:335-557). Originally included in thegenusFundulus by Eigenmann (1903); genusCubanichthys erected by Hubbs (1926. Misc.Publ. Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool. 16:1-87). Ordi-nal designation follows Parenti (1981).


Cuba (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: West-ern Cuba and Isle of Pines (Alayo 1973. Tor-reia 29:1-59; de la Cruz et al. 1976. Misc.Zool.Acad. Cienc. Cuba Inst. Zool. 2:2). Takenin freshwater to nearly totally marine situa-tions (de la Cruz et al.1976).

ADULT SIZE: At least 45 mm.

BIOLOGY: Troemner (1932. The Aquarium1:70,82; 1941. The Aquarium 10:129-30) firstdescribed eggs (ca. 1 mm diameter) andreproduction. Mayer (1933. Blatt. Aquar.-Terrarienk. 44:375-76), Innes (1935. Exotic

Aquarium Fishes), Sterba (1962. FreshwaterFishes of the World), and Axelrod and Vor-derwinkler (1979. Encyclopedia of TropicalFishes) further discuss reproduction andaquarium culture.



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Cubanichthys pengelleyi (Fowler)Jamaican killifish

TYPE LOCALITY:"Jamaica" (Fowler 1939.Not. Nat. 35:1-16). Subsequently restricted byFoster (1969. J. Am. Killifish Assoc. 6:17-25)to Middle Quarters Spring, south of MiddleQuarters proper, adjacent to route A-2, about9.6 km north of Black River (town), St. Eli-

zabeth Parish, Jamaica.

SYSTEMATICS: Subfamily Cubanichthy-inae,

composed of C. pengelleyi and C. cuben-sis (Parenti 1981. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.168:335-557). Originally placed in the mono-typic genus Chriopeoides by Fowler (1939).Ordinal designation follows Parenti (1981).


Jamaica: Middle Quarters(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Springsof Manchester, St. Elizabeth, and Westmore-land parishes, southwestern Jamaica. Occursin shallow (1.5 m), crystal clear waters (pH8.2; 24-26 C) with a bottom of marly sandand some soft patches of silt. Hides amongsubmerged (Ceratophyllum, Potamogeton,Najas) and floating aquatic vegetation (Fos-ter 1969).

ADULT SIZE: Males 60 mm, females 50MM.

BIOLOGY: Natural predators probably areDormitator maculatus and Eleotri s sp. (Eleo-tridae), and wading birds. Food includesdamselfly and dragonfly nymphs, other aqua-tic larvae, ostracods copepods, and snails.Eggs 1.2-1.4 mm in diameter and hatch inca. 9 days (Foster 1969). Reproductive behav-ior described by Itzkowitz (1981. Copeia:473-74).



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Rivulus cylindraceus PoeyCuban rivulus

TYPE LOCALITY: Stream at Mardazo, nearHavana, Cuba (Poey 1861. Memorias Sobrela Historia Natural de la Isla de Cuba2:95-114).

SYSTEMATICS: Genotype relationships

within the genus discussed by Myers (1927.Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 19:115-29) and Hoede-man (1959. Stud. Fauna Suriname Guyanas3:44-98: 1961. Bull. Aquat. Biol. 2:65-74), butthe genus is in need of review. Ordinal andfamilial designations follow Parenti (1981.Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).

Order CyprinodontiformesFamily Rivulidae

(NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Abun-dant in rivers and lakes with clear water andabundant vegetation throughout westernCuba (Alayo 1973. Torreia 29:1-59).

BIOLOGY: Frequently exhibited by aquar-ists. An abundance of aquarium-relatedliterature available, including summaries byInnes (1966.Exotic Aquarium Fishes), Sterba(1967. Freshwater Fishes of the World), andAxelrod and Vorderwinkler (1978.Encyclo-pedia of Tropical Fishes).

ADULT SIZE:ca 50 mm. Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.


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Rivulus garciai de la Cruz andDubitsky

Matanzas rivulus

TYPE LOCALITY: Varadero, Matanzas,Cuba (de la Cruz and Dubitsky 1976. Poeyana155:1-6).


ILLUSTRATION

NOT AVAILABLE

SYSTEMATICS: Relationships within genus

uncertain. Ordinal and familial designationsfollow Parenti (1981. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.Hist. 168:335-557).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known BIOLOGY: Unknown.only from the holotype, taken from a brack-ish water pool at Varadero, Matanzas, Cuba.

ADULT SIZE: Female 27 mm SL (holo-type). Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.


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Rivulus heyei NicholsSaona rivulus


TYPE LOCALITY: Saona Island at easternextremity of Haiti (Nichols 1914. Bull. Am.Mus. Nat. Hist. 33:143-44).

SYSTEMATIC S: Specific status uncertain

since it is known only from the small, poorlypreserved holotype. Myers (1935. Zoologica10:301-16) noted it is not well distinguishedfrom the Cuban R . cylindraceus. Hoedeman(1959. Stud. Fauna Suriname Guyanas 3:44-98; 1961. Bull. Aquat. Biol. 2:65-74) recog-nized the species without discussion. Ordinaland familial designations follow Parenti (1981.Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).

ILLUSTRATION

NOT AVAILABLE

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known BIOLOGY: Unknown.only from type locality.

ADULT SIZE: 20 mm (holotype). Compiler: G. H. Burgess. January 1983.


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Rivulus insulaepinorum de la Cruzand Dubitsky

Isle of Pines rivulus

TYPE LOCALITY: Canals and pools of arice paddy, 3 km n of Cayo Piedras, La Fe,Isle of Pines, Cuba (de la Cruz and Dubitsky1976. Poeyana 155:1-6).


genus unknown. Ordinal and familial desig-nations follow Parenti (1981. Bull. Am. Mus.Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).


ILLUSTRATION

NOT AVAILABLE

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Knownonly from Isle of Pines, Cuba, where it inhab-its permanent and temporary water situa-tions. Prefers clean water without muchaquatic vegetation, frequenting bottoms ofsmall stones or course sand. Hides in the sub-strate, often staying for considerable periodsof time. Juveniles occur in the same envir-onment, indicating reproduction also takesplace there. Largest adults were collected insmall puddles in rice fields that had dried upafter irrigation was suspended. Species asso-ciates include Gambusia punctata, G. punc-ticulata and Cichlasoma tetracanthus (de laCruz and Duditsky 1976).

ADULT SIZE: 38 mm SL maximum.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.



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Rivulus roloffi TrewavasHispaniolan rivulus

TYPE LOCALITY: Between Ciudad Tru-jillo (Santo Domingo) and Puerto Plata,Dominican Republic, Hispaniola (Trewavas1948. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 118:408-15).

SYSTEMATICS: Specific status and rela-

tionships uncertain. Hoedeman (1959. Stud.Fauna Suriname Guyanas 3:44-98; 1961. Bull.Aquat. Biol. 2:65-74) recognized the specieswithout discussion. Ordinal and familialdesignations follow Parenti (1981. Bull. Am.Mus. Nat. Hist. 168:335-557).


Family Rivulidae

Dominican Republic: RioBanilejas, 39 mm SL (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Occursin headwater streams in the Rio Yuna, RioYaque de Norte and Rio Haina drainages ofLa Vegas, Peravia and San Cristobal provin-ces, Dominican Republic, Hispaniola. Asso-ciates in small, sand-bottomed creeks withfast currents include Poecilia hispaniolana,Poecilia dominicensis and severalLimia spe-cies.

ADULT SIZE: Unknown. Maximum sizeca.

40 mm TL.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

Compilers: G. H. Burgess and R. Franz. Jan-uary 1983.


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Ophisternon aenigmaticum Rosen andGreenwood

Swamp eelOrder SynbranchiformesFamily Synbranchidae

TYPE LOCALITY: Woodland pool ca. 13km sw of Sebol, valley of Rio Chajmaic, AltaVerapaz, Guatemala (Rosen and Greenwood1976. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 157:1-70).

SYSTEM TICS:

Subfamily Synbranchinae.

Probably all earlier references to Synbran-chus marmoratus from the Atlantic slope ofGuatemala and Mexico, and Cuba, refer tothis species.

Cuba (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Rangesfrom northeastern South America, through-out the Atlantic slope of Guatemala and Mex-ico, to Cuba. Occurs in a variety of habitatsfrom standing water in small muddy pools toclear running water in streams, and largerbodies of water such as lakes (Rosen andGreenwood 1976).

ADULT SIZE: 500-800 mm.

BIOLOGY: Breder and Rosen (1966. Modesof Reproduction in Fishes) summarized knownreproductive biology. Nests in a horizontaltunnel made in mud of marshes in 0.30 - 1.22m of water. Male stays with eggs (spherical,ca. 3.4 mm in diameter, translucent, grayishcolor). Breder (1927. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.Hist. 57:91-176) thought spawning occurredduring the latter part of the rainy season inPanama.



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ichlasomahaitiensis Tee-VanOdo

TYPE LOCALITY: Etang Saumatre, nearManeville, Cul-de-Sac Plain, Haiti (Tee-Van1935. Zoologica 10:281-300).

SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Parapetenia,

sensu Regan (1905. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.7:316-40). Related species include C. tetr -canthus, C. dovii, C. managuense, C. mota-guense, C.friedrichsthali, and Petenia splen-dida (Loiselle 1980. Freshw. Mar. Aquar.3:39-47, 71-74).

Order PerciformesFamily Cichlidae

Haiti: Cul-de-Sac Plain, nearManeville, 108 mmSL(NCSM).

HISPANIOLA

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Freshand brackish lakes and streams probablythroughout Hispaniola. Particularly commonin springs associated with Lago Enriquillo,Independencia Province, Dominican Repub-lic. Occurs with introduced cichlids atnumerous localities. Adult C. haitiensis swimin open water, taking refuge in small cavitiesunder debris or in rocks when pursued.Young frequently found in aquatic vegetation.

ADULT SIZE: 75 mm.

BIOLOGY: Largely found solitarily or inpairs, rarely in groups of 6-8, often in associ-ation with poecilids and the mugilid Agonos-tomus wmttcola. Diet includes algae and otherwater plants, and turret shells. An 87 mmfemale collected in March had

ca.

300 eggs(1.5 mm x 2 mm diameter) ready for spawn-ing and a 112 mm male taken on the sameday had enlarged gonads (Tee-Van 1935).

Compilers: G. H. Burgess and R. Franz. Jan-uary 1983.


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ichlasomaramsdeni FowlerJoturo


TYPE LOCALITY:Arroyo Hondo, Yateras,Guantanamo, Cuba (Fowler 1938. Proc. Acad.Nat. Sci. Phila. 90:143-47).

SYSTEMATICS:Closely related to C. tetra-

canthus (Fowler 1938).

Cuba: Yateras River, male 110mm SL (NCSM)

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known BIOLOGY: Unknown.from Guaso and Yateras rivers, Oriente Prov.,Cuba.

Compilers: R. Franz and L. R. Rivas. Janu-ADULT SIZE: To 128 mm SL. ary 1983.


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Cichlasoma

tetracanthus

(Valenciennes)Biajaca

TYPE LOCALITY: Havana, Cuba (Valen-ciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831.Histoire NatureIle des Poissons 7:1-406).Eigenmann (1903. U.S. Fish Comm. Bull.[19021:211-36) states that the Almendares/liver,

near Havana, is the type locality of

Centrachus tetracanthus of Valenciennes.

SYSTEMATICS: Eigernmann (1903) de-scribed numerous chichlid taxa from Cuba.However, currently only C . tetracanthus andC. ramsdeni are recognized.


Cuba: Almendares River nearHavana (NCSM).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Wide- BIOLOGY: Unknown.spread in Cuba. Occurs in most freshwaterhabitats on the island.

Compilers: L. R. Rivas and R. Franz. Janu-ADULT SIZE: To 200 mm SL. ary 1983.


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INDEX TO COMMON ANDSCIENTIFIC NAMES

AAgonostomus manticola 5Anchoa hepsetus, 5Anchoaparva, 5Anguilla rostrata, 5Anguillidae, 5

Ariidae, 5Astronotus ocellatus, 6Atherinidae, 5Atractosteus tristoechus, 4, 6, 7Awaous tajasica, 5

Bagre marinus, 5Barbus conchonius, 6Belonidae, 5biajaca, 65Bythitidae, 4, 8

Carangidae, 5Caranx hippos, 5Caranx latus, 5Carassius auratus, 6Centropomidae, 5Centropomus ensiferus, 5Centropomus parallelus, 5Centropomus pectinatus, 5Centropomus

undecimalis, 5Cichla ocellaris, 6Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, 5Chriodorus atherinoides, 5Cichla som a

haitiensis, 5, 63Cichlasoma ramsdeni, 5, 64Cichlasoma tetracanthus, 5, 65Cichlidae, 5, 63Clupeidae, 5Cubanichthys cubensis, 4, 55Cubanichthys pengelleyi, 4, 56cusk-eel, Cuban, 10cusk-eel, New Providence, 9cusk-eel, toothed Cuban, 8Cyprinodon

bondi, 4, 52Cyprinodon laciniatus, 4, 53Cyprinodon variegatus baccmi 4, 54

Cyprinodontidae, 3, 52

Di apterus auratus, 5Dormitator maculatus, 5Dorosoma petenense, 6

Eleotridae, 5Eleotris pisonis, 5Elopidae, 5

Elops saurus, 5Engraulidae, 5

Eucinostomus argenteus, 5

Eucinostomus gula, 5Eugerres plumieri, 5

Gambusia affinis, 6Gambusia beebei, 4, 11gambusia, Caribbean, 17

gambusia, Cayman, 19gambusia, Cuban, 16gambusia, Dominican, 12Gambusia

daminicensis 4, 12Gambusia hispaniolae, 4, 13gambusia, Hispaniolan, 13gambusia, Miragoane, 11Gambusia melapleura, 4, 14Gambusia pseudopunctata, 4, 15Gambusia punctata, 4, 16Gambusia puncticulata, 3, 4, 17gambusia, striped, 14

gambusia, Tiburon Peninsula, 15Gambusia wrayi, 4, 18gambusia, Wray's, 18Gambusia xanthosoma, 4, 19gar, Cuban, 7Gerreidae, 5Gerres cinereus, 5Girardinus creolus, 4, 20Girardinus cubensis, 4, 21Girardinus denticulatus, 4, 22Girardinusfa/catus 4, 23Girardinus metallicus, 4, 24Girardinus microdactylus, 4, 25Girardinus serripenis, 4, 26Girardinus uninotatus, 4, 27Gobiesocidae, 5Gobiesox nudus, 5Gobiidae, 5Gobiodes broussoneti, 5Gobiomorus dormitor, 5Gobionellus boleosoma, 5Gobionellus pseudofasciata, 5Gobionellus spes, 5Guavina guavina, 5

Haemulidae, 5Harengula clupeola, 5

Ictalurus catus, 6Ictalurus nebulosus, 6Ictalurus punctatus, 6

joturo, 64Joturus pichardi, 5

killifish, Cuban, 55killifish, Jamaican, 56


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Lepisosteidae, 4, 7Lepomis auritus, 6Lepomis gulosus,6Lepomis macrochirus,6Lepomis microlophus,6limia, blackbanded, 35limia, blackbelly, 34limia, blotched, 30Limia caymanensis, 4, 28

limia, Cuban, 45Limia dominicensis, 4, 29limia, few-rayed, 39Limia fuscomaculata, 4, 30Limia garnieri, 4, 31limia, Garnier s, 31limia, Grand Cayman, 28Limia

grossidens, 4, 32limia, humpback, 37Limia immaculata, 4, 33limia, large toothed, 32Limia melanogaster, 4, 34

Limia melanonotata,4, 35limia, Miragoane, 36Limia miragoanensis, 4, 36Limia nigrofasciata,4, 37Limia ornata, 4, 38limia, ornate, 38Limia pauciradiata,4, 39Limia perugiae,4, 40limia, Perugia's, 40limia, plain, 33

Limia rivasi,4, 41limia, Rivas's, 41

limia, striped, 47Limia sulphurophilia, 4, 42limia, sulfur, 42limia, Tiburon Peninsula, 29Limia tridens,4, 43limia, trident, 43limia, varicolored, 44Limia versicolor,4, 44Limia vittata, 4, 45limia, Yaguajal, 46Limia yaguajali,4, 46Limia zonata, 4, 47

Lophogobius cyprinoides,5Lucifuga dentatus,4, 8Lucifuga spelaeotes,4, 9Lucifuga subterraneus,4, 10Lutjanidae, 5

Lutjanus apodus,5Lutjanus griseus,5Lutjanus jocu,5

Manjuari, 7Megalops atlantica,5Micropterus coosae,6Micropterus salmoides,6

molly, Dominican, 48molly, elegant, 49

molly, Hispaniola, 50Mugil cephalus,5Mugil curema,5Mugil hospes,5Mugil liza, 5Mugil trichodon,5Mugilidae, 50

odo, 63Oostethus brachyurus,5Ophisternon aenigmaticum,3, 5, 62

Pimephales promelas,6Poecilia dominicensis,4, 48Poecilia elegans,4, 49Poecilia helleri, 6Poecilia hispaniolana,4, 50Poecilia maculatus,6Poecilia reticulata,3, 6Poecilia vivipara, 3

Poeciliidae, 3, 4, 11Pomadasys crocro, 5Pseudophallus

midi 5pupfish, Hispaniola, 52pupfish, Bahama, 53

Quintana atrizona,4, 51

Rivulidae, 3, 5, 57rivulus, Cuban, 57Rivulus cylindraceus,5, 57Rivulus garciai,5, 58

Rivulus harti,3Rivulus heyei,5, 59rivulus, Hispaniolan, 61Rivulus insulaepinorum,5, 60rivulus, Isle of Pines, 60Rivulus marmoratus,3, 5rivulus, Matanzas, 58Rivulus roloffi,5, 61rivulus, Saona, 59

sheepshead minnow, Bahama, 54Sicydium plumieri,5

Soleidae, 5Sphoeroides testudineus,5Strongylura notata,5Strongylura timucu,5swamp eel, 62Synbranchidae, 5, 62Syngnathidae, 5

Tetraodontidae, 5Tilapia aurea,6Tilapiahartorum 6Tilapia mossambica,6Tilapia nilotica,6

Tilapia rendalli,6topminnow, barred, 51topminnow, creole, 20topminnow, Cuban, 21topminnow, goldbelly, 23

topminnow, metallic, 24topminnow, serrated, 26topminnow,singlespot, 27topminnow, smallfinger, 25topminnow, toothy, 22

Trinectes inscriptus,5


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CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA

BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 1982

Potter, Eloise F. Bill-vibrating feeding behavior in the Snowy Egret. The Chat 46(1):18. 1982-1Grant, Gilbert S. Common Mynas attack Black Noddies and White Terns on Midway Atoll. 1982-2

Elepaio 42:97-98.Grant, Gilbert S. Wildlife on Midway Atoll during the winter and spring of 1980-1981. Elepaio. 43:1-4. 1982-3Pettit, T. N., G. S. Grant, G.C. Whittow, H. Rahn, and C. V. Paganelli. Respiratory gas exchange and 1982-4

growth of Bonin Petrel embryos. Physiological Zoology 55:162-170.Irvin, E. Wayne. A Nandy Conure in coastal North Carolina. The Chat 46(2):43-44. 1982-5Grant, G. S., T. N. Pettit, H. Rahn, G. C. Whittow, and C. V. Paganelli. Regulation of water loss from 1982-6

Bonin Petrel (Pterodroma hypoleuca) eggs. Auk 99:236-242.Grant, G. S., C. V. Paganelli, T. N. Pettit, G. C. Whittow, and H. Rahn. Determination of fresh egg mass 1982-7

during natural incubation. Condor 84:121-122.Pettit, T. N., G. S. Grant, G. C. Whittow, H. Rahn, and C. V. Paganelli. Embryonic oxygen consumption 1982-8

and growth of Laysan and Black-footed Albatross. American Journal of Physiology 237:121-128.Grant, Gilbert S. Avian Incubation:Egg Temperature, Nest Humidity, and Behavioral Thermo- ' 1982-9

regulation in a Hot Environment. Ornithological Monographs No. 30. 75 pages.Lee, David S., John B. Funderburg Jr., and Mary Kay Clark. A Distributional Survey of North Carolina 1982-10

Mammals. Occasional Papers of the North Carolina Biological Survey. 72 pages.Potter, Eloise F. (editor). A Survey of the Vertebrate Fauna of Mainland Dare County, North Carolina. 1982-11

Project completion report on file at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Ecological Services,Raleigh, N.C. (14-16-0004-81-056). 190 pages.

Clark, Mary K., and Eloise F. Potter. Third annual breeding bird foray: Hoke County, N.C. The Chat 1982-1246(2):29-37.

Lee, David S., and John B. Funderburg. MarmotsMarmota monax and allies. Chapter 9, pages 176-191, 1982-13in Wild Mammals of North America (Chapman and Feldhamer, editors). Johns Hopkins UniversityPress Baltimore.

Pettit, T. N., G. S. Grant, and G. C. Whittow. Body temperature and growth of Bonin Petrel chicks. 1982-14Wilson Bulletin 94:358-361.Grant, G. S., T. N. Pettit, C. V. Paganelli, H. Rahn, and G. C. Whittow. Water loss from Laysan and 1982-15

Black-footed Albatross eggs. Physiological Zoology 55:405-414.Franz, Richard, and David S. Lee. Distribution and evolution of Florida's troglobitic crayfishes. Bulletin 1982-16

of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences28(3):53-78.Shelley, Rowland M. Revision of the milliped genusAuturus (Polydesmida: Platyrhacidae). Canadian 1982-17

Journal of Zoology 60(12):3249-3267.Shelley, Rowland M. A new Xystodesmid milliped genus and three new species from the eastern Blue 1982-18

Ridge Mountains of North Carolina (Polydesmida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash-ington 95(3):458-477.

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Order from: North Carolina State Museum of Natural HistoryP.O. Box 27647

Raleigh, N.C. 27611(Make checks payable to NCDA, Museum Extension Fund.

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

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Title

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Endangered and Threatened Plants and Animals of North Carolina. Cooper, Robinson, andFunderburg, 1977.

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Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. Lee, Gilbert, Hocutt, Jenkins, McAllister, andStauffer

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Contributions

of the North Carolina State Museum of Natural History and the North

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A Distributional Survey of North Carolina Mammals. Lee, Funderburg, and Clark,1982. $ 5,postpaid

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