20th century music summary

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MUSIC OF THE 20 TH CENTURY

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MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURYIMPRESSIONISM made use of the whole-tone scale. It also applied suggested, rather than depicted, reality. It created a mood rather than a definite picture. It had a translucent and hazy texture; lacking a dominant-tonic relationship. It made use of overlapping chords, with 4th, 5th, octaves, and 9th intervals, resulting in a non-traditional harmonic order and resolution.

CLAUDE DEBUSSYFather of the Modern School of CompositionThe primary exponent of the impressionist movement.Famous Works:Claire the Lune (Moonlight)Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun

MAURICE RAVELA person who excels in musical technique or execution.A perfectionist and every bit a musical craftsman.Famous Works:BoleroMiroirs (Mirrors)Mother Goose SuiteEXPRESSIONISM revealed the composers mind, instead of presenting an impression of the environment. It used atonality and the twelve-tone scale, lacking stable and conventional harmonies. It served as a medium for expressing strong emotions, such as anxiety, rage, and alienation.

ARNOLD SCHOENBERGHe explored the use of chromatic harmonies.His music is extremely complex, creating heavy demands on the listener.Established 12-tone systemFamous Works:Pierrot LunaireThree Piano PiecesSPRECHSTIMME- Speech song;

IGOR STRAVINSKYAdapted the forms of the 18th century with his contemporary style of writingFamous Works:FirebirdThe Rite of SpringPetrouchkaPRIMITIVISTIC MUSIC is tonal through the asserting of one note as more important than the others. New sounds are synthesized from old ones by juxtaposing two simple events to create a more complex new event.PRIMITIVISM has links to Exoticism through the use of materials from other cultures, Nationalism through the use of materials indigenous to specific countries, and Ethnicism through the use of materials from European ethnic groups.

BELA BARTOK used Hungarian folk themes and rhythmsFamous Works:MikrokosmosAllegro BarbaroHungarian folk songsNEO-CLASSICISM was a partial return to a classical form of writing music with carefullymodulated dissonances. It made use of a freer seven-note diatonic scale.

SERGEIPROKOFIEVCombination of neo-classicist, nationalist and avant-garde composer.Famous Works:Romeo and JulietWar and PeacePeter and the Wolf

FRANCIS POULENCRejected heavy RomanticismSacred musicFond of witty approachFamous Works:Stabat MaterDialogues des CarmelitesConcert ChampetreTHE AVANT GARDE style was associated with electronic music and dealt with the parametersor dimensions of sound in space. It made use of variations of self-contained note groupsto change musical continuity, and improvisation, with an absence of traditional rules onharmony, melody, and rhythm.

GEORGE GERSHWINFater of American JazzA fixture on BroadwayFamous Works:Rhapsody on BlueSwaneePorgy and Bess (Broadway Musical)An American in Paris

LEONARD BERNSTEINCharismatic conductor, pianist, lecturer.TV Series: Young Peoples ConcertsFamous Works:West Side StoryCandideOn The Waterfront

PHILIP GLASSBallet, opera, theater, film, TV jinglesBright electronic sounds Sound effectsFamous Works:Music in Similar MotionMusic in Changing PartsEinstein on the BeachMODERN NATIONALISM is a looser form of 20th century music development focused onnationalist composers and musical innovators who sought to combine modern techniqueswith folk materials.RUSSIAN FIVE:Modest MusorgskyMili BalakirevAlexander BorodinCesar CuiNikolai Rimsky KorsakovELECTRONIC MUSICMusic that uses the tape recorder is called MUSIQUE CONCRETE, OR CONCRETE MUSIC. Thecomposer records different sounds that are heard in the environment.

EDGARD VARESEInnovative French born composerInvented the term organize soundFather of Electronic MusicFamous Works:- Poeme Electronique

KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSENCentral figure in the realm of electronic musicContinued to experiment with musique conceteFamous Works:-GruppenKontakteHymnenHelicopter String Quartet

CHANCE MUSIC refers to a style wherein the piece always sounds different at everyperformance because of the random techniques of production.

JOHN CAGEExperimented: Chance musicFamous Works:-433Music of ChangesSonatas and Interludes