2.1 THE CELL AS AN EFFICIENT, OPEN SYSTEM

TO DO

Using the textbook and your work book, fill in the cell structures and their functions. Pages 267-270

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Cell Membrane- a protective barrier for the cell: allows transport of materials into the cell and waste out of the cell

Nucleus- contains DNA and directs all cellular activity

Cytoplasm- a gel-like substance, organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Cell wall- found in plants, bacteria, some protists (single celled organisms), and fungi, a rigid frame around the cell that provides strength and support

Chloroplasts- found only in plants and some protists. Contain chlorophyll that gives plants its green colour. Photosynthesis takes place here

Vacuoles- membrane bound structures that store nutrients and water.

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Endoplasmic reticulum- transports materials Rough- has ribosomes attached

Smooth- fat and oil production

Ribosomes- where protein synthesis takes place

Lysosomes- digestion occurs here, as well defense

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Golgi apparatus- involved in secretion and transporting of substances out of the cell

Mitochondria- cellular respiration takes place here. They are the powerhouse of the cell

LABEL

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are the major elements that make up the cells.

These are organized into four major organic compounds Lipids- fats and oils

Carbohydrates- sugars, starches, and cellulose

Protein- muscle fibre

Nucleic acids- DNA

Water is another major compound found in all plants and animal cells.

There are also many trace elements that are essential Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe

TO DO

In your notes, make a table showing the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells

THE CELL MEMBRANE

The role of the cell membrane is to maintain equilibrium or balance inside the cell

Also known as the plasma membraneIt is a protective barrier between the environment

and the cell’s fragile contentsConsists of a phospholipid bilayer

THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

This is a double layer of lipids (fat) that have a phosphate group attached

The phosphates (hydrophilic)face out into the watery fluids on either side of the membrane, while the lipids (hydrophobic) face towards each other

There are proteins suspended in the bilayer

THE MOSAIC MODEL

A mosaic is a collection of different substances held together by a common material

CELL CITY ASSIGNMENT

See handout