2168.2-2009 computerized radiography testing of mettalic materials using x-rays and gamma rays

8/16/2019 2168.2-2009 Computerized Radiography Testing of Mettalic Materials Using X-Rays and Gamma Rays

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AS 2168.2—2009

Australian Standard®

Non-destructive testing—Computerizedradiography

Part 2: Testing of metallic materialsusing X-rays and gamma rays

A S 2 1 6 8 .2 —2 0 0 9

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AS 2168.2—2009

Australian Standard®

Non-destructive testing—Computerizedradiography

Part 2: Testing of metallic materialsusing X-rays and gamma rays

First published as AS 2168.2—2009.

COPYRIGHT

© Standards Australia

All rights are reserved. No part o f this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written

permission of the publisher.

Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia

ISBN 0 7337 9178 6 A c c e s s e d b

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AS 2168.2—2009 2

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Australian members of the Joint Standards

Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee MT-007, Non-destructive Testing of Metals

and Materials. After consultation with stakeholders in both countries, Standards Australiaand Standards New Zealand decided to develop this Standard as an Australian Standard

rather than an Australian/New Zealand Standard.

The objective of this Standard is to ensure that the parameter of computed radiography

systems as a progression for the next generation of radiographic methods are achieved.

In the preparation of this Standard cognizance was taken of the following Standards:

EN

14784 Non-destructive testing—Industrial computed radiograph with storage

phosphor imaging plates

14784-1 Part 1: Classification of systems

14784-2 Part 2: General principles for testing of metallic materials using X-rays andgamma rays

This Standard is one of a series of Standards covering the range radiography of metals and

materials.

AS

2168 Non-destructive testing—Computerized radiography

2168.1 Part 1: Systems

2168.2 Part 2: Testing of metallic materials using X-rays and gamma rays (this

Standard)

2177 Non-destructive testing—Radiography of welded butt joints in metal

2314 Radiography of metals—Image quality indicators (IQI) and recommendations

for their use

3507 Non-destructive testing

3507.1 Part 1: Guide to radiography for ferrous castings

3507.2 Part 2: Radiographic determination of quality of ferrous castings

3669 Non-destructive testing—Qualification and approval of personnel—Aerospace

4749 Non-destructive testing—Terminology of and abbreviations for fusion weld

imperfections as revealed by radiography

Statements expressed in mandatory terms in footnotes to tables are deemed to be

requirements of this Standard.

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3 AS 2168.2—2009

CONTENTS

Page

1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................ 42 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.................................................................................. 4

3 DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................ 4

4 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ......................................................................................... 5

5 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND VISION REQUIREMENTS........................ 5

6 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES................. 6

7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................... 6

8 RECOMMENDED TECHNIQUES FOR MAKING COMPUTEDRADIOGRAPHS ........................................................................................................ 7

9 PRESENTATION DATA ......................................................................................... 16

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AS 2168.2—2009 4

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard

Non-destructive testing—Computerized radiography

Part 2: Testing of metallic materials using X-rays and gamma rays

1 SCOPE

This Standard specifies fundamental techniques of computed radiography with the aim of

enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are

based on the fundamental theory of the subject and test measurements. This Standard

specifies the general rules for industrial computed X-ray and gamma radiography for flaw

detection purposes, using storage phosphor imaging plates (IP). It is based on the general

principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials on the basis of films, (refer toAS 2177.)

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

The following documents are referred to in this Standard:

AS

1929 Non-destructive testing—Glossary of terms

2177 Non-destructive testing—Radiography of welded butt joints in metals

2314 Radiography of metals—Image quality indicators (IQI) and recommendations

for their use2168 Non-destructive testing—Computerized radiography

2168.1 Part 1: Systems

2243 Safety in laboratories

2243.4 Part 4: Ionizing radiations

2452 Non-destructive testing—Determination of thickness

2452.1 Part 1: Determination of wall thickness of pipe by the use of radiography

3507 Non-destructive testing

3507.1 Part 1: Guide to radiography for ferrous castings

3669 Non-destructive testing—Qualification and approval of personnel—Aerospace3998 Non-destructive testing—Qualification and certification of personnel

EN

462 Non-destructive testing—Image quality of radiographs

462-5 Part 5: Image quality indicators (duplex wire type), determination of image

unsharpness value

3 DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this Standard the following definitions and those in AS 1929 apply.

3.1 Computed radiography system (CR system)

Complete system of a storage phosphor imaging plate (IP) and corresponding read out unit

(scanner or reader), and system software, which converts the information of the IP into a

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3.2 Computed radiography system class

Particular group of storage phosphor imaging plate systems, which is characterized by a

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) range shown in Table 1 and by a certain basic spatial

resolution value (e.g. derived from duplex wire IQI) in a specified exposure range.

3.3 Nominal thickness (t )Thickness of the material in the region under examination. Manufacturing tolerances do not

have to be taken into account.

3.4 Object-to-detector distance (b)

Distance between the radiation side of the test object and the detector surface measured

along the central axis of the radiation beam.

3.5 Penetrated thickness (w)

Thickness of material in the direction of the radiation beam calculated on basis of the

nominal thickness. For multiple wall techniques the penetrated thickness is calculated from

the nominal thickness.3.6 Effective source size (d )

Size of the source of radiation.

3.7 Source-to-detector distance ( SDD)

Distance between the source of radiation and the detector measured in the direction of the

beam.

3.8 Source-to-object distance ( f )

Distance between the source of radiation and the source side of the test object measured

along the central axis of the radiation beam.

3.9 Storage phosphor imaging plate systems

Complete system of a storage phosphor imaging plate (IP) and a corresponding read out

unit (scanner or reader), which converts the information of the IP into a digital image.

4 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Prolonged exposure of any part of the human body to ionizing radiation is hazardous to

your health. Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect testing personnel and any other

persons in the vicinity, when X-ray equipment or radioactive sources are being used.

NOTES:

1 The use of radioactive substance and irradiation apparatus is controlled by various statutory

regulations. Reference should be made to the Radiation Health Series No. 31 Code of Practicefor the safe use of industrial radiographic equipment.

2 Reference should also be made to AS 2243.4 for ionizing radiation safety precautions.

5 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND VISION REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Personnel qualifications

Radiographic testing interpretation for compliance, and report shall be made by personnel

having qualification and experience for their job function acceptable to the testing body, the

manufacturer and where required by the purchaser.

Operators of CR systems shall have documented proof of competency in using the

equipment.

Operators shall have the qualification detailed below or shall carry out their duties under

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AS 2168.2—2009 6


Qualifications normally acceptable for the radiographic testing or welds or metallic

materials include the following:

(a) Certification by the Australian Institute for Non-Destructive Testing (AINDT)

Certification Board in accordance with AS 3998 or approval in accordance with AS

3669 in radiographic testing.

(b) Equivalent qualifications.

5.2 Vision requirements

The personnel shall provide documented evidence of satisfactory vision in accordance with

AS 3998 or AS 3669.

Subsequent to certification, the tests of visual acuity shall be carried out annually and be

verified by the employer or the responsible agency.

6 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

Computed radiographic techniques are subdivided into two classes:

(a) Class A: basic technique.

(b) Class B: improved technique.

Class B technique will be used when Class A may be insufficiently sensitive.

NOTE: Better techniques, compared with Class B, are possible and may be agreed between the

purchaser and the supplier by specification of all appropriate test parameters.

Before commencing the radiographic examination the type of techniques to be used shall be

predetermined.

NOTE: The agreement between the purchaser and supplier should be negotiated upon at the time

of enquiry or placement of order.

Due to image parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), un-sharpness and sensitivityto scattered radiation and hardening, differences exist between film radiographs and

computed radiographs.

Nevertheless, the perception of flaws using film radiography or computed radiography is

comparable by using Class A and Class B techniques, respectively. The perceptibility shall

be proven by the use of IQIs according to AS 2314.

If it is not possible for technical reasons to meet one of the conditions specified for the

Class B, such as the type of radiation source or the source-to-object distance f , it may be

agreed between the contracting parties that the condition selected may be that specified for

Class A. The loss of sensitivity shall be compensated for, by doubling the required

minimum exposure time with the goal to increase the minimum SNR by a factor of 1.4(additional to the SNR required from the plate-scanner classes given by Tables 2 to 3).

Because of the resulting improved sensitivity compared to Class A, the test sections may be

regarded as examined within Class B.

NOTE: This applies only to those IP-scanner systems whose SNR is not limited by the in-

homogeneity of the phosphor layer or the scanner dynamic at the required minimum exposure

time (see Clause 7.5).

7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

7.1 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture

In general, surface preparation is not necessary, but where surface imperfections or coatings

might cause difficulty in detecting defects, the surface shall be ground smooth or thecoatings shall be removed.

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7.2 Identification of radiographs

Symbols shall be affixed to each section of the object being radiographed. The images of

these symbols shall appear in the radiograph outside the region of interest where possible

and shall ensure unequivocal identification of the section.

7.3 MarkingPosition markings on the object to be examined shall be made in order to locate accurately

the position of each radiograph.

Where the nature of the material and/or its service conditions do not permit position

marking, the location may be recorded by means of accurate sketches or photographs.

7.4 Overlap of phosphor imaging plates

When radiographing an area with two or more separate phosphor imaging plates (IP), the

IPs shall overlap sufficiently to ensure that the complete region of interest is radiographed.

This shall be verified by a high-density marker on the surface of the object that will appear

on each image.

7.5 Image quality indicators

The quality of image shall be verified by use of IQIs, in accordance with the specific

application of AS 2314 for the contrast resolution and EN 462-5 for measurement of un-

sharpness. Therefore two IQIs are always required on each image. The minimum IQI-values

are dependent on wall thickness and geometry as defined by AS 2314.

This document may be applied to non-ferrous metals if appropriate IQIs are used.

In specific cases, as-agreed minimum IQI-values may be specified in accordance with

AS 2314.

IQIs of the step-hole type should not be applied because the wire IQIs are more suitable to

encourage the operator to compensate for limited sharpness with increased contrast. Thiscompensation can be achieved either by reduction of the source voltage or by longer

exposure time to increase the SNR of the computed radiograph.

8 RECOMMENDED TECHNIQUES FOR MAKING COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHS

8.1 Test arrangements

Test arrangements shall be determined from the specific application standards for film

radiography, refer to AS 2177, AS 2452.1 and AS 3507.1.

8.2 Choice of X-ray tube voltage and radiation source

8.2.1 X-ray equipment

To maintain good flaw detection sensitivity, the X-ray tube voltage should be as low as

possible. The maximum values of tube voltage versus thickness are given in Figure 1.

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AS 2168.2—2009 8


500 Y

400

300

20 0

100

8070

60

50

40

30

20

101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

PENETRATED THICKNESS (w ), mm

X - R A Y

V O L T A G E ,

k V

20 30 40 50 60 80 100

X

Cu

T i

Fe

Al

LEGEND: X = penetrated thickness w , in millimetresY = X-ray voltage, in kilovolts

FIGURE 1 MAXIMUM X-RAY VOLTAGE FOR X-RAY DEVICES UP TO 500 kV AS

FUNCTION OF PENETRATED WALL THICKNESS

8.2.2 Other radiation sources

The permitted penetrated thickness ranges for gamma ray sources and X-ray equipment

above 1 MeV are given in Table 1.

The value for Ir192 may be reduced further to 10 mm and for Se75 to 5 mm penetrated wall

thickness. This is the subject of agreement between contracting parties.

On thin specimens, gamma rays from Ir192

and Co60

will not produce computed radiographs

having as good a defect detection sensitivity as X-rays used with appropriate techniqueparameters.

NOTE: Due to the advantages of gamma ray sources in handl ing and accessibility, Table 1 gives a

range of thickness for which each of these gamma ray sources may be used when the use of X-

rays is not practicable.

In cases where radiographs are produced using gamma rays, the travel time to position the

source shall not exceed 10% of the total exposure time.

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TABLE 1

PENETRATION THICKNESS RANGE FOR GAMMA RAY SOURCES AND X-RAY

EQUIPMENT WITH ENERGY FROM 1 MeV AND ABOVE FOR STEEL, COPPER

AND NICKEL-BASE ALLOYS

Penetrated thickness range (w)

mm

Radiation source

Test Class A Test Class B

Tm 170 w ≤ 5 w ≤ 5

Yb169* 1 ≤ w ≤ 15 2 ≤ w ≤ 12

Se75† 10 ≤ w ≤ 40 14 ≤ w ≤ 40

Ir192 20 ≤ w ≤ 100 20 ≤ w ≤ 90

Co60 40 ≤ w ≤ 200 60 ≤ w ≤ 150

X-ray equipment with energy 1 to 4 MeV 30 ≤ w ≤ 200 50 ≤ w ≤ 180

X-ray equipment with energy 4 to 12 MeV 50 ≤ w 80 ≤ w

X-ray equipment with energy > 12 MeV 80 ≤ w 100 ≤ w

* For aluminium and titanium the penetrated material thickness range is 10 ≤ w ≤ 70 for Class A and 25 ≤ w

≤ 55 for Class B.

† For aluminium and titanium the penetrated material thickness range is 35 ≤ w ≤ 120 for Class A.

8.3 Phosphor imaging plate-scanner systems and screens

For computer radiographic examination, IP-scanner system classes shall be used

corresponding to the definitions given in AS 2168.1. The IP system classes are defined in

AS 2168.1 by the minimum normalized SNR-values (SNR IPx) and are reproduced in

Table 2.

For different radiation sources and wall thickness ranges, the minimum IP-system classes

are given in Tables 3 and 4. These Tables show the recommended screen materials and

metal thickness. When using lead screens, good contact between IP and screens is required.

Other screen thicknesses and materials may also be applied if described in the specification

provided the required image quality is achieved.

TABLE 2

CR SYSTEM EVALUATION ACCORDING TO THE MINIMUM

NORMALIZED SNR AT THE MINIMUM SIGNAL INTENSITY I IPX

System Class CEN Minimum normalized SNR

IP1/Y 130

IP2/Y 117

IP3/Y 78

IP4/Y 65

IP5/Y 52

IP6/Y 43

NOTES:

1

The normalized SNR values of Table 1 are similar to those of EN 584-1. They

are calculated by SNR=

log (e) (Gradient/Granularity) of Table 1 in EN 5841.The measured SNR values are calculated from linearized signal data.

2

Y is the maximum basic spatial resolution (see Clause 6.3.2).

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AS 2168.2—2009 10


The classification statement consists of two values:

(a) The assignment to an IP-class in agreement with Table 1. The measured normalized

SNR shall be greater or equal to the assigned value of the minimum normalized SNR

in Table 1.

(b)

The measured maximum basic spatial resolution, rounded to the nearest 10 µm step.The statement shall be given in the following form:

IP X/Y

NOTE: For example, a system classified as IP 3/100 is characterized by a normalized

SNR ≥ 78 (see Table 1) and a maximum basic spatial resolution ≤100 µm.

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TABLE 3

IP-SYSTEM CLASSES AND METAL SCREENS FOR THE COMPUTED RADIOGRAPH

COPPER AND NICKEL BASED ALLOYS

IP system class* Type and minimumRadiation source

Penetrated wall thickness (w)

mm A B Front

X-ray < 50 kV 4 2 None

X-ray < 50 kV to 150 kV 5 3 Pb 0.1

X-ray > 150 kV to 250 kV 5 4 Pb 0.1

w < 50 5 4 Pb 0.2 X-ray > 250 kV to 350 kV

w > 50 5 5 Pb 0.3

w < 50 5 4 Pb 0.3 X-ray > 350 kV to 450 kV

w > 50 5 5 Pb 0.3

w < 5 5 3 Pb 0.1 Yb169 , Tm 170

w > 5 5 4 Pb 0.1

w < 50 5 4 Pb 0.3 Ir192 , Se75

w > 50 5 5 Pb 0.4

w < 100 5 4 Fe 0.5 + Pb 1.Co60†

w > 100 5 5 Fe 0.5 + Pb 2.

X-ray > 1 MV† w < 100 5 4 Fe 0.5 + Pb 1.

w > 100 5 5 Fe 0.5 + Pb 2.

* Better IP-system classes may also be used.

† In case of multiple screens (Fe + Pb) the steel screen shall be located between the IP and the lead screen. Instead of Fe or Fe + Pb

screen screens may be used in if the image quality can be proven.

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AS 2168.2—2009 12


TABLE 4

IP SYSTEM CLASSES AND METAL SCREENS FOR ALUMINIUM AND

TITANIUM

IP system class*Radiation source

Class A Class B

Type and minimumthickness in mm of

front and back screens

X-ray < 50 kV 0

X-ray 50 kV to 150 kV 0

X-ray > 150 kV to 250 kV Pb 0.02

X-ray > 250 kV Pb 0.1

Yb169,Tm 170 Pb 0.02

Se75

IP 5 IP3

Pb 0.1

* Better IP-system classes may be also used.

8.4 System unsharpness

Computed radiography systems shall provide sufficient image quality for a certain

probability of detection of material discontinuities. Table 4 defines the required maximum

un-sharpness (duplex wire IQI-value) and pixel size of the scanner depending on radiation

energy and wall thickness.

The system unsharpness shall be proven for all exposures by the duplex wire IQI (refer to

EN 462-5).

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TABLE 5

REQUIRED SPATIAL SYSTEM RESOLUTION IN DEPENDENCE ON ENERGY AND WA

Class IPA Radiation source Wall thickness

(w)

mmMax. pixel* size

µm

Duplex wire IQI number† Max. pixel*

µm

w < 4 40 > 13‡ 30 X-ray

≤50 kV 4 ≤ w 60 13 40

w < 4 60 13 30

4 ≤ w < 12 70 12 40

X-ray

>50 kV to 13’ requires the 13th wire pair to be resolved with a dip separation larger than 50%.

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AS 2168.2—2009 14


8.5 Alignment of beam

The beam of radiation shall be directed to the centre of the area being inspected and should

be normal to the object surface at that point, except when it can be demonstrated that

certain flaws are best revealed by a different alignment of the beam.

8.6 Reduction of scattered radiation

8.6.1 Filters and collimators

In order to reduce the effect of back-scattered radiation, direct radiation shall be collimated

as much as possible to the section under examination.

With Se75, Ir192 and Co60 radiation sources, or in case of edge scatter, a sheet of lead can be

used as a filter for low energy scattered radiation between the object and the cassette. The

thickness of this sheet is 0.5 mm to 2 mm.

8.6.2 Interception of back scattered radiation

If necessary, the IP shall be shielded from back-scattered radiation by an adequate thickness

of lead at least 1 mm, or of tin of at least 1.5 mm, placed behind the IP-screen combination.

The presence of back-scattered radiation shall be checked for each new test arrangement by

a lead letter B (with a height of minimum 10 mm and a thickness of minimum 1.5 mm)

placed immediately behind each cassette. If the image of this symbol records as an image

with less intensity than the background on the radiograph, it shall be rejected. If the symbol

is not visible the radiograph is acceptable and demonstrates adequate protection against

scattered radiation.

8.7 Source-to-object distance

The minimum source-to-object distance f min depends on the source size d and on the object-

to-detector (IP) distance b.

The distance f , shall, where practicable, be chosen so that the ratio of this distance to the

source sized d , i.e. f/d, is not below the values given by the following equations:

For Class A: f /d ≥ 7.5(b)2/3 . . . (1)

For Class B f /d ≥ 15(b)2/3 . . . (2)

b is in millimetres (mm).

If the distance b < 1.2 t the dimension b in Equations (1) and (2) and Figure 2 shall be

replaced by the nominal thickness t .

For determination of the source-to-object distance, f min , the nomogram in Figure 2 may be

used.

The nomogram is based on Equations (1) and (2).

In Class A, if planar imperfections have to be detected the minimum distance f min shall be

the same as for Class B in order to reduce the geometric un-sharpness by a factor of 2.

In critical technical applications of crack-sensitive materials more sensitive radiographic

techniques than Class B shall be used.

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10

mm8

7

6

5

4

3

d 2

1

0. 5

b

500

400mm

300

20 0

10 0

80

60

50

40

30

20

10

1

5

2

3

4

6

8

5000

mm

300

200

1000

500

300

f m i n

a

f m i n

b

200

10 0

50

30

20

10 5

10

10 0

500

1000

2000

20 0

mm

300

50

20

30

LEGEND:

a = Minimum source to object distance for c lass Bb = Minimum source to object distance for c lass A

FIGURE 2 NOMOGRAM FOR DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM SOURCE-TO-OBJECT

DISTANCE f min IN RELATION TO THE OBJECT-IP DISTANCE AND THE SOURCE SIZE

8.8 Maximum area for a single exposure

The ratio of the penetrated thickness at the outer edge of an evaluated area of uniform

thickness to that at the centre beam shall not be more than 1.1 for Class B and 1.2 for

Class A.

The read-out intensities resulting from any variation of penetrated thickness shall not be

lower than those indicated in Clause 8.9.

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8.9 Minimum read-out intensity of computed radiographs

Each CR image shall have better or equal SNR than those defined by the system classes

mentioned in Tables 2 and 3. As SNR values are not measured regularly, the minimum SNR

values are guaranteed by the use of minimum read-out intensities I IPx where x represents the

IP class. These read-out intensities are analogous to the use of minimum optical densities in

film radiography. The definition of minimum read-out intensity is derived frommeasurements of the particular CR system refer to AS 2168.1 and they are provided by the

manufacturer.

Each acquired computed radiograph shall be verified in accordance to Table 5. To be

classified as Class A or Class B, readings shall be equal or exceed the required values.

NOTE: The same IP-scanner system may be used for different applications, which have to sat isfy

different IP-scanner system classes. This results in different minimum read-out intensities and

usually in different exposure times.

TABLE 6

READ-OUT INTENSITY OF COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHS

Testing class Minimum

Read-out intensity*

for system Class x

Minimum SNR

A 0.81 I ipx† 0.9 SNR ipx†

B 1.0 I ipx† 1.0 SNR ipx†

* A measuring tolerance of ±5% is permitted.

† Value may be reduced by special agreement of contacting parties.

High intensities may be used with advantage if the IP-scanner system does not already limit

the SNR.

In order to avoid unduly high background intensities arising from exposure by natural

radiation, IPs shall always be erased before use if the last erasure was more than two weeks.

If IPs are used for high-energy application or gamma radiography, they shall be checked for

sufficient erasure by a test read out.

If I IPx values are not available, the achieved testing class can be determined from the IQI-

readout values in accordance with AS 2314. No image processing is allowed apart from

linear brightness and contrast adjustment.

8.10 Monitor and film viewing conditions

The computed radiographs shall be examined in a darkened room on a monitor or a printed

film hardcopy- with a resolution better or equal to the requirements of AS 2177.The monitor shall have a luminance of ≥100 cd/m2 and a resolution of ≥1280 × 1024 pixel

with a pixel size of 150 µm to 300 µm. The graphic board shall provide ≥256 grey levels.

The software shall provide images, which are always visualized with 256 grey levels. The

ratio for displayable luminance (Lmax/Lmin) shall be ≥100:1.

9 PRESENTATION DATA

9.1 Record test

The record of test shall include at least the following information:

(a) Name of the laboratory or testing authority.

(b) Identification of the component.

(c) Job reference number A c c e s s e d b

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(d) Number of the product Standard.

(e) Details of the material under test.

(f) The number of this Australian Standard, i.e. AS 2168.2, the method designation, or

any departures from that method.

(g)

Details (to allow the radiograph to be related to the workpiece or the test specimen).

(h) The surface condition of the workpiece, including type of preparation.

(i) Details of the X-ray tube voltage and current, or of the isotope used and its

radioactivity.

(j) The effective source size, in millimetres.

(k) The source-to-detector (SDD) distance used, in millimetres.

(l) The nature and thickness, in millimetres, of any screens or filters used.

(m) Special notes on exposure geometry (if applicable).

(n)

IQI types, model, location and percent sensitivity achieved, refer to AS 2314 andEN 462-5.

(o) The trade designation of the IP’s Cr system.

(p) The minimum readout intensity.

(q) Details of exposure, in milliampere seconds or curie seconds.

(r) Nominal thickness.

(s) The date and place of test.

(t) The report number (of reference number) as applicable.

(u)

Identification of the testing personnel.9.2 Test report

For each computed radiograph, or set of computed radiographs, a test report shall be made

giving information on the radiographic technique used, and on any other special

circumstances which would allow a better understanding of the results.

Details concerning form and contents as specified in special application standards or be as

required by the purchaser and supplier. If inspection is carried out exclusively to this

guideline then the test report shall contain at least the following information:

(a) Name of the laboratory or testing authority.

(b)

Identification of the component, including sufficient details to permit subsequentcorrelation between the report and radiographs.

(c) Job reference number.

(d) Number of the product Standard.

(e) Details of the material under test.

(f) Nominal thickness.

(g) Reference to this Australian Standard, i.e. AS 2168.2, the method designation, or any

departures from that method.

(h) Details of the manufacturers process.

(i)

Details of any surface imperfections considered in the assessment of the radiograph.

(j) IQI types, model, location and percent sensitivity achieved, refer to AS 2314 and

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AS 2168.2—2009 18


(k) Details of intensifying screens/filters.

(l) The minimum readout intensity.

(m) The trade designation of the IPs, CR system.

(n) The effective source size, in millimetres.

(o) Test results.

(p) A statement of compliance or otherwise with the acceptance criteria as specified in

the relevant product Standard or application Standard, if applicable.

(q) The date and place of testing.

(r) The report number and the date of issue.

(s) Name of certification and signature from the responsible person(s).

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NOTES

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AS 2168.2—2009 20

NOTES

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