22 abap objects

8/9/2019 22 ABAP Objects

1/31

ABAP objects


2/31

BAP Objects

Objectives

In this Chapter you will learn...

•About ABAP Objects

•About Object orientation


3/31

ABAP Objects

ABAP Objects is fairly a new concept in R/3. The ter has two

eanin!s.

•It stan"s for the entire ABAP runtie environent.

an"

• It represents the object#oriente" e$tension of the ABAP

lan!ua!e


4/31

ABAP Objects

• ABAP Runtie %nvironent

• The ABAP &or'bench allows you to create R/3

Repository objects such as pro!ras( authori)ation

objects( loc' objects( Custoi)in! objects( an" so on.• *sin! function o"ules( you can encapsulate

functions in separate pro!ras with a "efine"

interface.

• The Business Object Repository +BOR, allows you to

create -AP Business Objects for internal an" e$ternaluse +CO/CORBA,.


5/31

ABAP Objects

• The Object#oriente" 0an!ua!e %$tension

• ABAP Objects is a coplete set of object#oriente"

stateents that has been intro"uce" into the ABAP

lan!ua!e.• This object#oriente" e$tension of ABAP buil"s on the

e$istin! lan!ua!e( an" is fully copatible with it.

• 1ou can use ABAP Objects in e$istin! pro!ras( an"

can also use 2conventional2 ABAP in new ABAP Objects

pro!ras.


6/31

• The Object#oriente" 0an!ua!e %$tension...

• ABAP Objects supports object#oriente" pro!rain!

• The object#oriente" enhanceent of ABAP is base" on the

o"els of ava an" C44. It is copatible with e$ternalobject interfaces such as CO an" CORBA

• -AP Business Objects an" 5*I objects # alrea"y object#

oriente" theselves # will also profit fro bein!

incorporate" in ABAP Objects.

ABAP Objects


7/31

ABAP Objects

Object#Orientation.

• Object orientation +OO,( or to be ore precise( object#oriente" pro!rain!( is a proble#solvin! etho" in

which the software solution reflects objects in the real

worl" .

•Objects

• An object is a section of source co"e that contains

"ata an" provi"es services.

• The "ata fors the attributes of the object.

• The services are 'nown as etho"s +also 'nown as

operations or functions,.


8/31

ABAP Objects

*ses of OO.

• The ain "ifference between real object orientation an"

function !roups is that althou!h a pro!ra can wor' with

the instances of several function !roups at the sae

tie( it cannot wor' with several instances of a sin!le

function !roup.• This re6uireent is et by object orientation. ABAP

Objects allows you to "efine "ata an" functions in

classes instea" of function !roups. *sin! classes( an

ABAP pro!ra can wor' with any nuber of instances

+objects, base" on the sae teplate.


9/31

ABAP Objects

•Classes

• Classes "escribe objects.

• 7ro a technical point of view( objects are runtie

instances of a class.

• In theory( you can create any nuber of objects base"

on a sin!le class.

• %ach instance +object, of a class has a uni6ue i"entityan" its own set of values for its attributes.


10/31

ABAP Objects

•Classes

• Classes "escribe objects.

• 7ro a technical point of view( objects are runtie

instances of a class.

• In theory( you can create any nuber of objects base"

on a sin!le class.

• %ach instance +object, of a class has a uni6ue i"entityan" its own set of values for its attributes.


11/31

ABAP Objects

• To Create a Class

•5o to Transaction -%89


12/31

ABAP Objects

• To Create a Class:

•Then specify whether you want to create a class or interface.


13/31

ABAP Objects

• To Create Class:

Instance is nothin! but a copy of class which is calle" as

object. &e will "iscuss about the Public( private class in

the followin! sli"e.

Class declaration

Instance of class


14/31

ABAP Objects

• -tructure of a Class

• A class contains coponents

• %ach coponent is assi!ne" to a visibility section

• Classes ipleent etho"s


15/31

ABAP Objects

• Class Coponents

• The coponents of a class a'e up its contents.

• All coponents are "eclare" in the "eclaration part of

the class.

• The coponents "efine the attributes of the objects in a

class.

• &hen you "efine the class( each coponent is assi!ne"

to one of the three visibility sections( which "efine the

e$ternal interface of the class.

• All of the coponents of a class are visible within theclass. All coponents are in the sae naespace.

• This eans that all coponents of the class ust have

naes that are uni6ue within the class.


16/31

ABAP Objects

• Attributes

• Attributes are internal "ata fiel"s within a class that

can have any ABAP "ata type.

• The state of an object is "eterine" by the contents ofits attributes.

• One 'in" of attribute is the reference variable.

• Reference variables allow you to create an" a""ress

objects. Reference variables can be "efine" in classes(

allowin! you to access objects fro within a class.

ABAP Obj


17/31

ABAP Objects

• etho"

•etho"s are internal proce"ures in a class that "efine

the behavior of an object.

•They can access all of the attributes of a class. This

allows the to chan!e the "ata content of an object.

•They also have a paraeter interface( with which

users can supply the with values when callin! the(

an" receive values bac' fro the

•The private attributes of a class can only be chan!e"

by etho"s in the sae class.

ABAP Obj t


18/31

ABAP Objects

• etho"...

•etho"s are internal proce"ures in a class that "efine

the behavior of an object.

•They can access all of the attributes of a class. This

allows the to chan!e the "ata content of an object.

•They also have a paraeter interface( with which

users can supply the with values when callin! the(

an" receive values bac' fro the

•The private attributes of a class can only be chan!e"

by etho"s in the sae class.

ABAP Obj t


19/31

ABAP Objects

• etho":

• The "efinition an" paraeter interface of a etho" is

siilar to that of function o"ules.• 1ou "efine a etho" ;et< in the "efinition part of a

class an" ipleent it in the ipleentation part usin!

the followin! processin! bloc'=

%T>O ;ethO.

• 1ou can "eclare local "ata types an" objects in

etho"s in the sae way as in other ABAP proce"ures

+subroutines an" function o"ules,. 1ou call etho"s

usin! the CA00 %T>O stateent.

ABAP Obj t


20/31

ABAP Objects

• etho":

• The "efinition an" paraeter interface of a etho" is

siilar to that of function o"ules.• 1ou "efine a etho" ;et< in the "efinition part of a

class an" ipleent it in the ipleentation part usin!

the followin! processin! bloc'=

%T>O ;ethO.

• 1ou can "eclare local "ata types an" objects in etho"s

in the sae way as in other ABAP proce"ures +subroutines

an" function o"ules,. 1ou call etho"s usin! the CA00

%T>O stateent.

• CA00 %T>O ;Obj?ae< #< ;etho"<

ABAP Obj t


21/31

ABAP Objects

• etho":

• Instance Methods

1ou "eclare instance etho"s usin! the %T>O-

stateent. They can access all of the attributes of a

class( an" can tri!!er all of the events of the class

• Static Methods

1ou "eclare static etho"s usin! the C0A--#

%T>O- stateent. They can only access static

attributes an" tri!!er static events.

ABAP Obj t


22/31

ABAP Objects

• Classes @isibility -ection.

1ou can "ivi"e the "eclaration part of a class into up to three

visibility areas=

C0A-- ;class< %7I?ITIO?.

P*B0IC -%CTIO?.

... PROT%CT% -%CTIO?.

...

PRI@AT% -%CTIO?.

...

%?C0A--.

ABAP Objects


23/31

ABAP Objects

• To Create a etho".

•ouble clic' on the object ?ae+?C, an" it will ta'e

you the followin! -creen( where you "efine the level(

visibility( escription etc. for particular etho" in a

class.

ABAP Objects


24/31

ABAP Objects

• To Ipleent your etho".

ouble clic' on the etho" to ipleent youretho".

Click to implement your

method

ABAP Objects


25/31

ABAP Objects

• To Ipleent your etho".

ABAP Objects


26/31

ABAP Objects


•Public -ection

All of the components declared in the

public section are accessible to all

users of the class, and to the methodsof the class and any classes that inherit

from it. The public components of the

class form the interface between the

class an" its users.

ABAP Objects


27/31

ABAP Objects


•Private -ection

Components that you declare in the

private section are only visible in the

methods of the same class. The privatecomponents are not part of the

e$ternal interface of the class.

ABAP Objects


28/31

ABAP Objects


• Protecte" -ection

All of the components in the protected section can

access the components from the public section. In

turn, they can be accessed by the components of

the private section.

ABAP Objects


29/31

ABAP Objects


•Public -ection

ABAP Objects


30/31

ABAP Objects

Public Section of the Class, which is visible accessible to all users of the class.

ABAP Objects


31/31

ABAP Objects

-uary

• ABAP Objects represents OO e$tension of ABAP

Pro!rain!

0an!ua!e

• Class "escribes a Object

• Object is a instance of a class

• %ach object provi"es services throu!h etho"s

22 abap objects

Documents