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22.2 roots, stems, and leaves - weebly

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22.2 Roots, Stems, and Leaves Roots § The root is usually the first structure to grow out of the seed when it sprouts. § Roots take in water Root Structure and Growth § The tip of a root is covered by the root cap. § The layer below the epidermal layer is the cortex. § The layer of cells at the inner boundary of the cortex is the endodermis. § Encircling each cell of the endodermis is a waterproof strip called a Casparian strip. § The layer of cells directly next to the endodermis toward the center of the root is called the pericycle. Types of Roots § Taproot system § Consists of a thick root with a few smaller, lateral-branching roots § Fibrous root system § Numerous branching roots that are about the same size and grow from a central point § Modified roots § Pneumatophores § Adventitious roots

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Page 1: 22.2 Roots, Stems, and Leaves - Weebly

22.2Roots,Stems,andLeavesRoots

§ Therootisusuallythefirststructuretogrowoutoftheseedwhenitsprouts.

§ RootstakeinwaterRootStructureandGrowth

§ Thetipofarootiscoveredbytherootcap.§ Thelayerbelowtheepidermallayeristhecortex.§ Thelayerofcellsattheinnerboundaryofthecortexistheendodermis.§ EncirclingeachcelloftheendodermisisawaterproofstripcalledaCasparianstrip.§ Thelayerofcellsdirectlynexttotheendodermistowardthecenteroftherootiscalled

thepericycle.

TypesofRoots§ Taprootsystem

§ Consistsofathickrootwithafewsmaller,lateral-branchingroots§ Fibrousrootsystem

§ Numerousbranchingrootsthatareaboutthesamesizeandgrowfromacentralpoint

§ Modifiedroots§ Pneumatophores§ Adventitiousroots

Page 2: 22.2 Roots, Stems, and Leaves - Weebly

StemStructureandFunction§ Themainfunctionofaplant’sstemissupportofa

plant’sleavesandreproductivestructures.§ Transportwateranddissolvedsubstances§ Storesfoodandwater

Page 3: 22.2 Roots, Stems, and Leaves - Weebly

LeafStructure§ Aflattenedsurfacecalledabladehasalargesurfaceareaforphotosynthesis.§ Theblademaybeattachedtothestembyapetiole.§ Mostleaveshavethesameinternalstructure.§ Theinternalstructureofmostleavesiswell-adaptedforphotosynthesis.§ Tightlypackedcellsdirectlybelowaleaf’supperepidermiscontainmanychloroplasts

andmakeupthetissuecalledthepalisademesophyll.§ Belowthepalisademesophyllisthespongymesophyll.

GasExchangeandTranspiration

§ Theepidermisoftheleafhasmanyporesthroughwhichgasesmayenterorleave.§ Waterevaporatesfromtheinsideofaleaftotheoutsidethroughastomatainaprocess

calledtranspirationthathelpspullthewatercolumnupward.


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