22880403 mechanical engineering

8/21/2019 22880403 Mechanical Engineering

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MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

VIKALP KULSHRESTHA



Contents

• Introduction; Need; Abstract Coursework

• Evolution

• A View On Famous Works

• Modern Techniques

• Mechanical Miracles

• Mechanical Engineering & India

• Future Prospects

• The Final Briefing



Introduction

What is mechanical engineering

• Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves

the application of principles of physics for analysis, design,

manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.

• Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest and broadest

engineering disciplines.



Introduction

What Is The Need Of It ?

• Actually no field can sustain without mechanical help.

• design and analyze motor vehicles, aircraft, heating and cooling

systems, watercraft, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and

machinery, robotics, medical devices and more.



IntroductionAbstract coursework

• Mechanics

basic mechanics

mechanics of materials or solid mechanics

Fluid mechanics

• Thermal science

thermodynamics

Heat & mass transfer

energy conversion

RAC

HVAC

• Designing

engineering drawing

machine drawing

machine design

CAD

• Production sciences

material science

metallurgyproduction technology

CAM



Evolution

• Mechanical engineering dates back to the times of the great

pyramids(3000-2500 b.c.)• In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287 BC –212 BC) and

Heron of Alexandria (c. 10 –70 AD) deeply influenced mechanics inthe Western tradition.

• In China, Zhang Heng (78 –139 AD) improved a water clock and

invented a seismometer, and Ma Jun (200 –265 AD) invented achariot with differential gears.

• Al Jaziri wrote his famous "Book of Knowledge of IngeniousMechanical Devices" in 1206 presented many mechanical designs.He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechaincal deviceswhich now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as crank and

cam shafts.



Evolution

• Till 18th century many developments took place in thisfield………………..& then in the late 18th century and early 19thcenturies when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing,production, and transportation had a profound effect onthe socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. This was called

the industrial revolution. The subsequently spread through Europe, America and then in the whole world.

• This revolution led to the development of machine tools andtechnology.

• Today Currently, there are 1,346 engineering colleges in Indiaapproved by the All India Council of Technical Education with a seatcapacity of 4,40,000. B.E., B.Sc., B.Tech., B.A.Sc .



A View On Famous Works

• Archimedes — Archimedes' Screw, Principle of Buoyancy.

• Banū Mūsā brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, Al-Hasan —Ibn Bassal — Flywheel, Flywheel-Driven Chain Pump.

• Al-Jazari — crankshaft, connecting rod, crank-driven and hydropowered

saqiya chain pump, crank-driven screw and screwpump, elephant clock,weight-driven clock, weight-driven pump, reciprocating piston suctionpump, geared and hydropowered water supply system, programmablehumanoid robots, robotics, hand washing automata, flush mechanism,combination lock, lamination, static balancing, paper model, sand casting,molding sand, intermittency, linkage.

• Cornelis Corneliszoon — Sawmill.

• Lagari Hasan Çelebi — Manned Rocket, Artificially-Powered Aircraft,Rocket Aircraft.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Savery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Savery



• Thomas Shavey — Steam Engine.

• James Watt — Improved Steam Engine.

• Henry Maudslay — Screw-Cutting lathe, Bench Micrometer.

• George Cayley — Glider, Tension-Spoke Wheels, Caterpillar Track.

• George Stephenson — Steam Locomotive.

• Benoît Fourneyron — Water Turbine.

• William George Armstrong— Hydraulic Crane.

• Richard J. Gatling – Wheat Drill, First Successful Machine Gun.




• Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol — Steam Powered Submarine.

• Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi — Geared Mechanical Clock, Segmental Gear, EpicyclicGearing.

• James Henry Greathead – Tunnel Boring Machine, Tunnelling ShieldTechnique.

• Karl Benz — Petrol-Powered Automobile.

• Rudolf Diesel — Diesel Engine.

• John Moses Browning — Automatic handgun.

• Donat Banki —Carburetor.

• Carl Edvard Johansson — Gauge Blocks .


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anderson_%28inventor%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anderson_%28inventor%29



• Mary Anderson — Windshield Wiper Blade.

• Henri Coandă — Jet Engine.

• Harry Brearley — Stainless Steel.

• Igor Sikorsky — Helicopter.

• Baltzar von Platen — Refrigerator.

• Laszlo Biro — Modern Ballpoint Pen.

• Frank Whittle — Jet Engine.

• Mikhail Kalashnikov — AK-47 and AK-74 Assault Rifles.

• Fazlur Khan — Structural Systems for High-Rise Skyscrapers.




Modern Techniques

• Many mechanical engineering companies, especially those in

industrialized nations, have begun to incorporate Computer-Aided

Engineering (CAE) programs into their existing design and

analysis processes.

• CAE includes the following :

1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)

2. Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)

3. Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

4. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)5. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

6. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)



Modern Techniques

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computer technology to aid in

the design and particularly the drafting (technical drawing and engineeringdrawing) of a part or product, including entire buildings. It is both a visual (ordrawing) and symbol-based method of communication whose conventionsare particular to a specific technical field.

• Drafting can be done in two dimensions ("2D") and three dimensions ("3D").

• Drafting is the communication of technical or engineering drawings and isthe industrial arts sub-discipline that underlies all involved technicalendeavors. In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional drawings, these objects have traditionally been represented bythree projected views at right angles.

Computer Aided Design (CAD)



Modern Techniques

• Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing theentire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design andmanufacture, to service and disposal. PLM integrates people, data,processes and business systems and provides a product informationbackbone for companies and their extended enterprise.

• Within PLM there are four primary areas;1. Product and Portfolio Management (PPM)

2. Product Design

3. Manufacturing Process Management (MPM)

4. Product Data Management (PDM)

Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)



Modern Techniques

• The Finite Element Method (FEM) (sometimes referred to as Finite

Element Analysis) is a numerical technique for finding approximate

solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) as well as of integral

equations. The solution approach is based either on eliminating the

differential equation completely (steady state problems), or rendering the

PDE into an approximating system of ordinary differential equations, whichare then numerically integrated using standard techniques such as Euler's

method, Runge-Kutta, etc.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)



Modern Techniques

• Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the branches of fluidmechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve andanalyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to performthe millions of calculations required to simulate the interaction of fluids andgases with the complex surfaces used in engineering. Even with high-speedsupercomputers only approximate solutions can be achieved in manycases. Ongoing research, however, may yield software that improves theaccuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic orturbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is often performed using awind tunnel with the final validation coming in flight test.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)



Modern Techniques

• Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer-based software tools that assist engineers and machinists inmanufacturing or prototyping product components. CAM is aprogramming tool that makes it possible to manufacture physicalmodels using CAD programs. CAM creates real life versions ofcomponents designed within a software package.

• Traditionally, CAM has been considered as a numerical control (NC)programming tool wherein three-dimensional (3D) models ofcomponents generated in CAD software are used to generate CNCcode to drive numerically controlled machine tools.

• Although this remains the most common CAM function, CAMfunctions have expanded to integrate CAM more fully withCAD/CAM/CAE PLM solutions.

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)



Modern Techniques

• Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a field of engineering thatuses optimization methods to solve design problems incorporating anumber of disciplines.

• MDO allows designers to incorporate all relevant disciplines simultaneously.The optimum of the simultaneous problem is superior to the design found byoptimizing each discipline sequentially, since it can exploit the interactionsbetween the disciplines. However, including all disciplines simultaneously

significantly increases the complexity of the problem.

• These techniques have been used in a number of fields, includingautomobile design, naval architecture, electronics, computers, andelectricity distribution. However, the largest number of applications havebeen in the field of aerospace engineering, such as aircraft and spacecraftdesign.

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)



Mechanical Miracles



20 km from the coast of Denmark, you will find ―Horns Rev‖, the

biggest wind farm in the world. 80 turbines 110 m tall, capable of 160

MW

1 Wind Farm in middle of ocean



The fins are 30 m long.



The highway between Tibbitt and Contwoyto in Canada.

Most dangerous road in the world. It is over 500km long and consist of

85% frozen lakes. The ice can break at any time.

2.Fantasy road that for part of the time Arctic highway



This road can

only operate

come into effect

during the

coldest monthsof the year.

When the ice

becomes strong

enough every

year the road ismade.

Here is a series of truck on

the ice – each 70 τons.



Some people try

and push their

luck at the end

of the season –

but in the end

nature has the

final say.



Used for the heaviest, and biggest of things needing transport

3. Colossus of the sea. The biggest ship in the world



Oil Rigs transported

off-shore …



…Oil refinery

…a whole Military

Radar …



H it b l d d t



How it can be loaded at sea;

It sinks under

the water …

The ships park on

top…

And then it raisesitself!!

SIMPLE isnt’it?



It’s a bridge that goes over the Elba river. It allow s

boats easy access into canals. It cost m ore than

500 mi l l ion Euros and took 6 years to bui ld

4 Modern ways to control water

The bridge “Magdeburg” Germany) – you need to look at it a number of times to

understand what is actually happening



This is a “virtual model” of the Burj Tower

In 2008, it became the tallest is the world.

5.The tallest skyscraper in the world

Burj Tower



My friends... We are seeing the city with the

biggest growing rate in the world...



15% of the large towers being built in the world are

in Dubai... Can you imagine the problem in

operating these cranes



Thi i th b i i



This is the beginning....



From another angle



6.TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

(TBM)



Large pits are dug to insert the machine

Hydraulic jacks support the machine



INSIDE VIEW



Its major contribution is in

• The Chicago railways

network. (in USA)

• The Channel Tunnel b/w

London & Paris.

• The Delhi Metro.



Mechanical Engineering and India

This area comprises of two sub categories:

• Government Sector

• Private Sector



Government Sector

• Ministry of Heavy Engineering

• Ministry of Steel

• Ship Building Industry

• Ministry of Defence

• Ministry of Aviation

• Ministry of Railways• The Navratna Companies




Government Sector {Ministry of Heavy Engineering}

• Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd.

• HMT Ltd.





• Established in the year 1958 as the largest Integrated Engineering Industrial

Complex in India with excellent DESIGN, ENGINEERING &MANUFACTURING base. The company is engaged in the manufacture &supply of Capital equipments, Machine tools and Spares needed for theCore Sector Industries.

• It is an ISO 9001-2000 company.


Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd. (HEC Ltd.)




• CNC Vertical Turning & Boringmachine for Durgapur Wheel and Axle Plant .

• CNC Deep Hole Boring machine .

• CNC Planing machine for CopperMould machining .

• Heavy Duty CNC Roll TurningLathe for Rolling Mills .

• HEC has successfully developedHigh Strength Low Alloy SteelGrade DMR-249A and 249B for

Naval Application .


Achievements of HEC



Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

• Incorporated in 1953 by the Government of India as a Machine Tool

manufacturing company.• Over the years diversified into Watches, Tractors, Printing Machinery, Metal

Forming Presses, Die Casting & Plastic Processing Machinery, CNCSystems & Bearings.

• Successful technology absorption in all product groups throughcollaborations with world renowned manufacturers & further strengthened

by continuous in-house R&D.


HMT Ltd.




HMT Subsidiaries

• Hmt Machine Tools Ltd.

• HMT Watches Ltd.

• HMT Chinar Watches Ltd.

• HMT Bearings limited

• HMT (International) Ltd.

• Praga Tools Ltd.





Hmt (Machine Tools Ltd.)

• HMT Limited, the pioneer inMachine Tools Industry in India

and manufacturers of a diversified

range of products has

incorporated ―HMT MACHINE

TOOLS LIMITED‖ as its fully

owned subsidiary on 9th August1999 .

• leading manufacturer of Machine

Tools in India .





HMT (Watches Ltd.)

• The manufacture of wristwatchesstarted as part of diversification

strategy of HMT in the year 1962,

under Technical collaboration with

CITIZEN Watch Company of

Japan with a manufacturing unit at

Bangalore.

• it manufactures Mechanical and

Quartz Analog watches





HMT (Chinar Watches Ltd.)

• HMT Limited, the first company to

start watch manufacturing in India

has incorporated "HMT CHINAR

WATCHES LIMITED" as its fullyowned subsidiary on 4th

September 2000 with Jammu as

its head quarters.





HMT (Bearings Ltd.)

• HMT Bearings Limited, formerly

known as Indo-Nippon BearingsLimited was incorporated in theyear 1970. It is the only companyof its kind in the public sector setup to manufacture Ball & RollerBearings. The company wasestablished in technical

collaboration with M/s Koyo SeikoCo. Ltd., Japan an internationallyreputed manufacturer of Bearings.

• In the year 1981, the companybecame a subsidiary of HMTLimited.


• The company designs,manufactures and supplies Ball

Bearings, Cylindrical RollerBearings and Taper RollerBearings.




HMT (International Ltd.)

• HMT(INTERNATIONAL) Limited,

was set up in 1974 as a whollyowned subsidiary of hmt Limited,to undertake exports of goodsmanufactured by HMT and otherleading Indian manufacturers.

• HMT(I) is headquartered at

Bangalore and has a globalnetwork extending over 38countries with 67 representationsto service its clientele worldwide.HMT(I) has sold over 12,500machines in more than 70countries with efficient after sales

service.

HMT (I)’s business portfolioincludes trading in:

• Machine Tool and IndustrialMachinery

• Watches

• Tractors & Agricultural Implements

• General Engineering Products

• Industrial Commodities

• Software and IT Services• Projects & Services





HMT ( Praga Tools Ltd.)

• Praga Tools Limited was

incorporated on 20th May, 1943as Praga Tools CorporationLimited to manufacturer MachineTools with head quarters atSecunderabad. It was renamed asPraga Tools Limited in 1963.

• HMT Limited took over PragaTools Limited as one of itssubsidiaries with the transfer ofmajority of the share holding in theyear 1988.

• Praga Tools Limited manufacturesMachine Tools for variousapplications including CNCMachines.




Government Sector {Ministry of Steel}

Activities of Steel Ministry

• Co-ordination and planning of the growth and development of Iron and Steel

Industry in the country (including Re-Rolling Mills, Alloy Steel and Ferro

Alloy Industries, Refractories) both in the Public and Private Sectors.

• Formulation of policies in respect of Production, Pricing, Distribution, Importand Export of Iron & Steel, Ferro Alloys and Refractories.

• Development of input industries relating to Iron Ore, Manganese Ore,

Chrome Ore and Refractories etc. , required mainly by the Steel Industry.




Government Sector {Ministry of Ship Building}

(Shipping)

The Ship Building Ministry looks after the funds and the foreign joint

ventures for the industry. The four major shipyards are namely:

• Cochin Shipyard Ltd.

• Goa Shipyard Ltd.

• Mazagon Dock Ltd.

• Hindustan Shipyard Ltd.





(Shipping)

• It was incorporated in the year1972.

• Cochin Shipyard (CSL) is thelargest ship building yard in India.

• The shipyard also trains graduateengineers in marine engineering.

Around hundred students aretrained each year.

• It can build ships up to1,100,000 metric tons deadweight(DWT) and repair ships up to1,250,000 DWT.


Cochin Shipyard Ltd.




(Shipping)

• It was established in 1957,originally by the Portuguese-Indiagovernment as "Estaleiros Navaisde Goa―.

• After the invasion of Goa by theIndian armed forces in 1961, itwas requisitioned to manufacturewarships for the Indian Navy andIndian Coast Guard.


Goa Shipyard Ltd.




(Shipping)

• It manufactures warships for theIndian Navy as well as offshoreplatforms for oil exploration.

• It has manufacturing facilitiessituated at Mumbai and Nhava.

• The yard has the capability to

build warships, submarines, andmerchant ships up to30,000 metric tons deadweight(DWT). It can also fabricate wellhead platforms, process andproduction platforms and jack uprigs for oil exploration.


Mazagon Dock Ltd.




(Shipping)

• It is India's first and oldestshipyard.

• In 1940, Walchand Hirachandstarted the construction of theshipyard, initially known asScindia Shipyard .In 1961, it fully

acquired the shipyard.

• located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

• It was the first shipyard in India to

be awarded ISO-9001


Hindustan Shipyard Ltd.



Government Sector {Ministry of Defence}

It basically comprises of two departments:

• Department of Defence Production (DDP).

• Department of Defence Research & Development (DDR&D).





• The Department of DefenceProduction was set up in 1962,in the aftermath of the Chineseaggression to create a self-reliant and self-sufficient indigenous defence

production base .

• In November, 1965, Departmentof Defence Supplies was createdto forge linkages between thecivil industries and defenceproduction units.

• The Department of DefenceProduction and Supplies hasbeen renamed as Department ofDefence Production w.e.f.January, 2004.

• Since 1962, 16 new Ordnance

Factories have been set up.


Department of Defence Production (DDP)

The following DPSUs arefunctioning under theadministrative control of theDepartment:-

• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited(HAL)

• Bharat Electronics Limited(BEL)

• Bharat Earth Movers Limited(BEML)

• Mazagon Dock Ltd (MDL)

• Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL)• Garden Reach Shipbuilders and

Engineers Limited (GRSE)

• Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)

• Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited(MIDHANI)




• It was formed in 1958 by the merger of Technical DevelopmentEstablishment and the Directorate of Technical Development andProduction with the Defence Science Organisation.

• DRDO has a network of 51 laboratories which are deeply engagedin developing defence technologies covering various disciplines, likeaeronautics, armaments, electronic and computer sciences, humanresource development, life sciences, materials, missiles, combatvehicles development and naval research and development.

• The organization includes more than 5,000 scientists and about25,000 other scientific, technical and supporting personnel.


Department of Defence Research Development (DDR D)

{Defence Research Development Organisation}





Works (DDP and DDR D)



Government Sector {Ministry of Aviation}

The Ministry of Civil Aviation is the nodal Ministry responsible for the

formulation of national policies and programmes for developmentand regulation of Civil Aviation. It handles the following :

• Air India

• Indian Airlines

• Pawan Hans Helicopters





• Air India was founded by J. R. D. Tata in 1932 as Tata Airlines, a divisionof Tata Sons Ltd. (now Tata Group).

• Air India is state-owned, and administered as part of the National AviationCompany of India Limited .

• It is an International Airline focusing on international routes.

• It has Boeing 747,777; Airbus A310 in its fleet.

• Has annual recruitment of 17 mechanical engineers of the total 57 recruited

as junior engineers. (as per 2008)


Air India




• It was setup in 1953 with the merger of 7 different companies.

• This airline based in Delhi, India and focuses primarily on domestic routes,along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia.

• Indian Airlines is state-owned, and is administered by the Ministry of Civil Aviation.

• Recruits about 60 engineers as junior engineers annually.


Indian Airlines




• Pawan Hans was incorporated on October 15, 1985 as the HelicopterCorporation of India (HCL), the country's national helicopter company withthe objective of providing helicopter support services to the oil sector for its

off-shore exploration operations, services in remote areas and charterservices for promotion of tourism.

• It is a Government owned enterprise with 78.5% in Government hands &21.5% with ONGC.


Pawan Hans Helicopters



Government Sector {Ministry of Railways}

• The Mechanical Engineering Department looks after the mechanicalneeds of the railways.

• It has 44 Workshops & 6 Manufacturing Units all over India.

• The Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineering (IRSME) is a

cadre of the Government of India. The officers of this service areresponsible for managing the Mechanical Engineering Organisation of theIndian Railways .

• The recruitment is done through 2 exams namely :1. Engineering Services Exam

2. SCRA (Special Class Railway Apprentice)


{Mechanical Engineering Dept. (PU W)}

{Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers}



Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}

As of December 1 , 2008

• Bharat Electronics Limited

• Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

• Coal India Limited

• GAIL (India) Limited• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

• Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

• Indian Oil Corporation Limited

• Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited

• National Aluminum Company Limited

• NMDC Limited

• NTPC Limited• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited

• Power Finance Corporation Limited

• Power Grid Corporation of India Limited

• Rural Electrification Corporation Limited

• Shipping Corporation of India Limited

• Steel Authority of India Limited





• Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is the largest engineering andmanufacturing enterprise in India in the energy-related and infrastructure sectorwhich includes Power, Railways, Telecom, Transmission and Distribution, Oil andGas sectors and many more.

• BHEL manufacturing units are at Bhopal, Ranipur, Haridwar, Jhansi, Tiruchirapalli,

Ranipet, Bengaluru, Jagdishpur & Goindwal .

• BHEL products are steam turbine, gas turbine, steam generators, HRSG- HeatRecovery Steam Generator, locomotives, pumps, motors, valves, boiler drums

& various other products .


Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL)




• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is one of India'slargest PSU companies, with Global Fortune 500 rank of 287 (2008).

• It is involved in the refining and retailing of petroleum products.

• BPCL has Refineries at Mumbai and Kochi (Kochi Refineries) witha capacity of 12 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) and 7.5 MMTPArespectively for refining crude oil. BPCL's subsidiary at Numaligarhhas a capacity of 3 MMT.


Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL)



Government Sector {the Navratna Companies}

• 6,700 km of Natural Gas highpressure trunk pipeline with acapacity to carry 148MMSCMD of natural gasacross the country .

• 7 LPG Gas Processing Unitsto produce 1.2 MMTPA ofLPG and other liquidhydrocarbons .

• North India's only gasbased integratedPetrochemical complex atPata with a capacity ofproducing 4,10,000 TPA ofpolymers .

• 27 oil and gas Explorationblocks and 3 Coal BedMethane Blocks .


Gas Authority of India Ltd. (Gail)

GAIL (India) Limited, is India's flagship Natural Gas company, integrating allaspects of the Natural Gas value chain (including Exploration & Production,Processing, Transmission, Distribution and Marketing) and its related services.




• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), based in Bangalore, India, is one

of Asia's largest aerospace companies.

• It is mainly involved in aerospace industry, which includes manufacturing

and assembling aircraft, navigation and related communication equipment,

as well as operating airports.

• Its achievements include developing & manufacturing of Tejas, Hawk &Dhruv .

• It also upgrades & manufactures jaguars, su-30 mki’s & mig-29’s for the

Indian air force .


Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL)




• The Corporation operates 2 major refineries producing a wide variety of

petroleum fuels & specialties, one in Mumbai (West Coast) of 5.5 MMTPA

capacity and the other in Visakhapatnam, (East Coast) with a capacity of

7.5 MMTPA.

• HPCL also owns and operates the largest Lube Refinery in the country

producing Lube Base Oils of international standards. With a capacity of 335

TMT. This Lube Refinery accounts for over 40% of the India's total Lube

Base Oil production.


Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL)




• It is India’s largest commercial enterprise, ranking 116th on the Fortune

Global 500 listing (2008).

• The Indian Oil Group of Companies owns and operates 10 of India's 19

refineries with a combined refining capacity of 60.2 million metric tons per

year.

• Indian Oil operates the largest and the widest network of fuel stations in the

country, numbering about 17606.

• It reaches Indane cooking gas to over 47.5 million households through a

network of 4,990 Indian distributors.


Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL)





• Indian public sector petroleum company. It is a Fortune Global 500

company ranked 335th, and contributes 77% of India's crude oil productionand 81% of India's natural gas production.

• ONGC is engaged in exploration and production activities. It is

involved in exploring for and exploiting hydrocarbons in 26

sedimentary basins of India. It produces about 30% of India's crudeoil requirement. It owns and operates more than 11,000 kilometers

of pipelines in India.

• Its major resources are various sites in Assam & Bombay High.

Oil Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC)





• NTPC Limited (Formerly National Thermal Power Corporation) is the

largest power generation company in India. Forbes Global 2000 for 2008

ranked it 411th in the world.

• NTPC's core business is engineering, construction and operation of power

generating plants and providing consultancy to power utilities in India and

abroad.

• NTPC also owns 15 Coal Based Plants (23,895 MW) & 7 Gas/Liquefied

Fuel Based Plants (3,955 MW).

National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)





• Asia's largest, and one of the world's leading and the sixth largest,

integrated aluminum complex, encompassing bauxite mining, alumina

refining, aluminum smelting and casting, power generation, rail and port

operations.

• The main units of NALCO are at Damanjodi (Mines & Refinery complex)

and Nalconagar-Angul (Smelter & Power Plant Complex).

National Aluminum Company (NALCO)





• SAIL was featured in the 2008 list of Forbes Global 2000 companies at

position 647.

• With an annual production of 13.5 million metric tons, SAIL is the 16th

largest steel producer in the world.

• Major plants owned by SAIL are located at Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur,

Rourkela, Burnpur (near Asansol) and Salem.

Steel Authority ofIndia Ltd. (SAIL)




Private Sector

• Hindustan motors

• Maruti Udyog

• Hero Honda

• Bajaj Auto

• Tata Industries

• Reliance Petroleum




Private Sector

• It is part of the Birla Technical Services Industrial Group.

• It is the producer of the famous Ambassador car, widely used as a taxicab

and as a government limousine.

• It has a joint venture with Mitsubishi (Lancer & Pajero)

• It has plants at Uttarpara (U.P.); Pithampur (M.P.); Thiruvallur & Hosur (T.N.)

Hindustan Motors




Private Sector

• It is a leading four-wheeler automobile manufacturer in South Asia. Suzuki

Motor Corporation of Japan holds a majority stake in the company.

• Till now launched more than 12 cars with more than 20 models.

• Major products are Maruti 800 (’93), Omni (’84), Wagon-r (’99), Alto (y2k),

Swift (’05) & Grand Vitara (’07).

Maruti Udyog




Private Sector

• Hero Honda is a joint venture that began in 1984 between the Hero Groupof India and Honda of Japan.

• 3rd largest manufacturer of motor-cycles after Honda & Yamaha.

• Has plants at Dharuhera & Gurgaon in Haryana & Haridwar in Uttarakhand.

Hero Honda




Private Sector

• It is India's largest and the world's 4th largest two- and three-wheeler maker.

• It is based in Pune, Maharashtra, with plants in Akurdi and Chakan (nearPune), Waluj (near Aurangabad) and Pantnagar in Uttarakhand.

• This company shot to fame with its punch line of ―Hamara Bajaj‖ for itsscooters Bajaj Chetak & Bajaj Super.

Bajaj Auto




Private Sector

• Tata Steel annually produces 9 million tonnes of steel in India and 21.4million tonnes overseas, making it the fifth largest steel producer in the

world.

• Its main plant is located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand which produced a

record-breaking 5.0 million tonnes of salable steel in 2007-08.

• Took over Anglo Dutch steel maker CORUS in a £6.7 billion deal.

Tata Steel




Private Sector

• It is India's largest passenger automobile and commercial vehicle

manufacturing company.

• Tata Motors has its manufacturing base in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar,

Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Pune.

• Has bought Daewoo's trucks & Ford’s Jaguar & Land Rover.

Tata Motors




Private Sector

• Refining activities of Reliance Industries Limited are carried out at the

Jamnagar refinery complex with refining capacity of 27 million tonnes per

annum (540,000 barrels per day).

• The Company's refinery at Jamnagar is the third largest refinery at a single

location in the world.

Reliance Petroleum

Future Prospects



The future of Mechanical Engineering is very bright. Beingthe core field of engineering it will always be needed in various otherfields of engineering.

In India, till 2015, big guns like Arcelor Mittal & Tata steel are

planning to invest 7000 crores. In the PSU’s NALCO & SAIL will be jointly investing 40,000 crores in developing and starting variousmanufacturing units.

World Market is too not far behind with all the big corporate

houses having set their feet in this field.

All this is due to the rapid rate of advancement in the field of

Mechanical technology.

The Final Briefing



Thanks…..

22880403 mechanical engineering

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