2.2the classification of matter. materials elements compounds mixtures 2.2the classification of...
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2.2 The Classification of Matter
• Materials
• Elements
• Compounds
• Mixtures
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Material
Substance Mixture
Materials
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Material Operational Definition Conceptual Definition
substance
- all samples have the same proportions of components
- a material with only one set of properties
- a material with atoms that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio
- a material which in the solid phase has only one pattern and/or grouping of atoms throughout
mixture
- a material with components that retain their own individual identities and can thus be separated
- the same components may be mixed in different proportions
a material composed of more than one substance
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2.2 The Classification of Matter
Materials
Material
Substance Mixture
Element Compound
Materials
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Material Operational Definition Conceptual Definition
element a substance that cannot be decomposed
a substance composed of only one type of atom
compound a substance that can be decomposed a substance composed of more than one type of atom
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2.2 The Classification of Matter
Materials
Material
Substance Mixture
Element Compound
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Elements
Element
Metal Metalloid Non-metal
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Elements
NON-METALS1H
2He
5B
6C
7N
8O
9F
10Ne
13Al
14Si
15P
16S
17Cl
18Ar
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
35Br
36Kr
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
53I
54Xe
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
85At
86Rn
METALS METALLOIDS
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Elements
Metals Good conductors of heat & electricity
Malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets)Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
LustrousNon-Metals Poor conductors of heat & electricity
Many are gases at room temperatureIn the solid phase their crystals are brittle
Metalloids Some metallic properties (although weakly) (Semi-metals) Some non-metallic properties
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Elements
text pages 75-76
Material
Substance Mixture
Element Compound
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Compounds
Compound
Organic Inorganic
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Compounds
Organic Contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms. May contain other types of atoms as well
Inorganic Do not contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms.
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2.2 The Classification of Matter
Compounds
Compounds may be further classified as molecular or ionic, binary or non-binary, and by their family.
Molecular A molecule is a neutral group of covalently bonded atoms.
Compounds consisting of molecules are called molecular
compounds.Ionic An ion is a charged atom or group of atoms. Ionic
compounds consist of positively and negatively charged ions held together by their opposite electric charges.
text pages 76-77
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Compounds
Binary A binary compound is composed of only two elements.
Non-binary A non-binary compound is composed of more than two elements.
text page 76
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Compounds
Compounds may be further classified as molecular or ionic, binary or non-binary, and by their family.
There are many families of inorganic and organic compounds including acids, bases, and salts. Other families of organic compounds such as aldehydes, esters, ethers, carbohydrates, etc. will be covered in chapter 8.
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Compounds
Compounds may be further classified as molecular or ionic, binary or non-binary, and by their family.
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Acid Appears to be a compound having one or more H+ ions bonded to an anion. In
reality, acids are a special type of molecule that can be induced to form these ions.Base The most common type of base is a hydroxide.
Salt Any ionic compound other than a hydroxide
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Compounds
Compounds may be further classified as molecular or ionic, binary or non-binary, and by their family.
Material
Substance Mixture
Element Compound
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Mixtures
Mixture
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Mixtures
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Material Operational Definition Conceptual Definition
Homogeneousmixture
a mixture that appears the same throughout
the individual particles are smaller than 1 μm
Heterogeneousmixture
a mixture that doesn’t appear the same throughout
At least some particles are larger than 1 μm
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2.2 The Classification of Matter
Mixtures
Mixture
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Solution Colloid
Mixtures
2.2 The Classification of Matter
Material Operational Definition Conceptual Definition
Solutiondoes not exhibit the Tyndall Effect and cannot be separated by centrifugation
All particles are smaller than 1 nm.
Colloiddoes exhibit the Tyndall Effect and can be separated by centrifugation
Particles comprising the medium are smaller than 1 nm but the dispersed particles are between 1 nm and 1 μm in size.
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2.2 The Classification of Matter
Mixtures