23 25 jan 2013 csisa kathmandu gender kamala
TRANSCRIPT
Changing Roles of Women in the Agriculture Sector in South Asia:
Challenges and Opportunities
Kamala Gurung, Ph.D.CSISA-Phase II
Objective-1 Preparation Meeting January 23 to 25, 2013
Population Structure in Asia, 1970-2050
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
Male Female
1970 2010 2050
Source: Bhandari, 2012
Indicators 1988 2000 2010
Age of HH head farmer (yr) 44 47 52
Age of farming population (yr) 38 42 46
Age of farm household in Bangladesh
Source: Panel data, VDSA-IRRI project
Rural out-migration, Bangladesh
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30Pe
rson
per
100
0 po
pula
tion
Source: Panel data, VDSA-IRRI project, 2012
Implications on Gender
Gender Differences in Agricultural Labor, Bangladesh 1999 to 2006
Source: Labor Force Survey, 1999 to 2006
Lets reminisce a bit ........
Implication of Labor Saving Technology
Farm HHs classification Bangladesh India Nepal
Dinajpur Bihar Chitwan
Small 42.4 55.1 78.0
Medium 46.0 20.0 67.2
Large 47.0 11.1 65.0
Labor allocation: Person-days/acre used in rice cultivation
Source: Baseline survey, CSISA-Phase I
Bangladesh, Aman/wet season, 2008 (n=487)
Rice activityFamily Hired
TotalMale Female Male Female
Land preparation 7.4 0.1 5.7 0.1 13.3Crop establishment 5.6 0.4 18.8 2.5 27.3Crop care 13 1 15.8 7.6 37.4Harvesting 5.8 0.7 17.4 0.4 24.3Post-harvest 7.3 10.4 4.7 1.9 24.3
All Activities 39.1 12.6 62.4 12.5 126.6
Assam, India, Kharif season, 2008 (n=200)
Rice activityFamily Hired
TotalMale Female Male Female
Land preparation 8.4 0 5.5 0 13.9Crop establishment 0 9.3 0.1 6.8 16.2Crop care 10.1 0 0.3 0 10.4Harvesting 0.1 9.4 0 7.6 17.1Post-harvest 8.4 8.2 4.2 1.1 21.9
All Activities 27 26.9 10.1 15.5 79.5
Nepal, Wet season, 2008 (n=257)Family Hired
TotalMale Female Male FemaleLand preparation 12.7 4 12.1 2.3 31.1Crop establishment 6.6 15.4 4.7 13.7 40.4Crop care 17.7 23.2 7.3 15,0 63.2Harvesting 7.8 12.5 4.8 8.7 33.8Post-harvest 12.5 11.2 13.6 7.8 45.1
All Activities 57.3 66.3 42.5 32.5 213.6
Labor allocation for rice by
gender (days/ha)
Source: Data from SSD-IRRI , 2008
Future Outlook and Direction• Aging farmers and labor scarcity
• Increasing roles of women in agriculture sector
• Innovative approach to work and reach with the women farmers
• Labor saving technology demand: mechanization and other RCT technologies
• Mechanization and other RCT technologies must be women and smallholders friendly technologies
• Mechanization intervention and investment must address apart from present emphasis on mainly land preparation
Gender integration: An example from CSISA-BD project
Looking forward for your suggestions and advice!
Indicator : Involvement of men and women farmers in the on-farm research innovation process
Result based output: Gender and socio-economic analysis and integration almost silent and invisible
Improved cropping systemRice-legumes/oil seed-rice
Selective women headed HHs
Delivery of technologies and services
Research and innovation process (e.g. Adaptive research trials)
Indicator : Access to and benefit from the rice related intervention/activities (e.g. technologies, trainings, field days)
Result based output:
•Women participation is higher in farmer training than field days/cross visit, participatory demonstration
•Very minimal participation of women in Training/workshop for partner organizations (NGOs, Gos)
• 50 % women participated in post-harvest related interventions/activities
Planning and Management Unit (planning, M & E)
Indicator: Targeting number of women/men during the planning process
Status:
Developed “action planning format “ by targeting gender disaggregation
Indicator: Gender disaggregation in Monitoring and Evaluation framework
Status: “performance measurement format” by gender disaggregation (Monitoring system)
Result of Gender Integration in CSISA-BD
•Baseline survey•Planning format•Progress report format
•Register information sheet
• Common agro/socio-eco information sheet of three CG centers •Rapid performance survey/Exit survey (individual center)
Group approach initiativesIndividual: Infolady model