23. medicinal trees pests by allah dad khan
TRANSCRIPT
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Insect Pest and Diseases of Crop, Fruits and Vegetablesan overview
ByAllah Dad Khan
PPD NWFP
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How insects caused damage
Insects caused damage to a wide variety of crops , stored products .Each item may be attacked by several insects species each causing a different type of damage.
There are two types of damages
1. Direct Damages
2.Indirect Damages
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1.Direct Damages
It is the result of the insect own activities such as feeding or oviposition.Can be classified as1. Feeding Chewing Type
Grass Hoppers , Caterpillars ,Leaf miners ,Beetles
( Larvae). Flies ( Larvae) Moth( Larvae), Stem Borers ( Larvae), Fruit Borers ( Larvae)
2.Feeding Sucking Type
Aphids Jassids
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1.Direct Damages
3.ToxinPotato or bean leaf hopper Potato Psyllid (only the nymph produces the toxin , and a small number of nymph can destroy an healthy crop.4. Injury by ovipositorCrickets ,Cicadas , Tree Hoppers.5.Spoilage Hop AphidOther Aphids
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Caterpillar Emerging from Egg
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CATERPILLAR DAMAGING
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Aphids on a Cabbage Plant
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Fruit Fly Laying Egg
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Thrips-caused plant damage.
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Whitefly on cauliflower
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Leaf miner
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Pod Borer on Mung
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Defoliating larva on leaf.
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Fruit tree leaf roler
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IMPORTANT SPECIES
Bactrocera zonata- Peach fruit fly
B. Dorsalis - Oriental fruit fly
B. Cucurbitae - Melon fruit fly
B. ciliatus – Ethiopian fruit fly
Myopardalis pardalina
Ceratitis capitata Med-fly
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2. Indirect damages
Transmission of plant pathogens.Leaf Hopper transmits disease of aster yellow.Beet leaf hopper transmits curly top disease of sugar beet.Cucumber beetle transmits Cucurbit wilt diseaseBeetles transmits fire blight a bacterial disease in pears
Plum curculio transmits brown rot of peach
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Agriculture Crops Pests
1. Insects , mites and nematodes.Insects have 6 Legs.
( Egg, Larva., Pupa and Adult complete metamorphosis)
( Egg, Nymph and adult incomplete metamorphosis)
Mites have 8 Legs( Egg, Nymph and adult incomplete metamorphosis)
Nematodes
True eelworms have no legs. ( Microscopic in size, may be either ectoparasitic, endoparasitic or forming Knot)
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Agriculture Crops Pests-Contd
2. Diseases.Causal organisms
Fungi
Bacteria
Virus.
Environmental or physiological diseases.
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Agriculture Crops Pests-Contd
3.Rodents.
1. Rabbits
2. Rates
3. Mice
4. Gophers
5. Moles
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Animals Rodents
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Agriculture Crops Pests-Contd
4.Weeds.Annual
Lambs Quarter( Chenipodium album)
Pig weed( Amaranthus retroflexus)
BiennialShepherd purse (Capsella Bursapastoris)
Pepper grass( Lepidium virginicum)
PerennialBind weed ( Convolvulus arvensis)
Johnson grass ( Sorghum halepense)
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Crops
Sugarcane
Maize
Rice
Wheat
Vegetables
Fruits
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Sugar cane
Harmful InsectsTop borer ( Chooti ka Gurwan)Stem Borer ( Tunai Ka Gurwan)Gurdaspur Borer ( Goordas Gurwan)Root borer ( Jarr KA Gurwan)Pyrilla ( Goorah Makhi)RedMite (Surkh Joon)
Termites ( Deemak)Jassid ( Chust telia)Whit fly ( Sufeed makhi)Mealy bug
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Sugar cane
Diseases
Red rot ( Ruta roog)
Whip Smut ( Kangiari)
Mosaic ( Chukabri)
Rust (Kungi )
Red Stripe (Surkh burgi dharian)
Wilt ( Sooka)
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Sugar cane
WeedsPeeli dhodak ChoolaiKhabal gassPhoolan GassDeelaLeeliDhodhakCrab gassTandlaDhadhanHazar dani
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Maize Harmful Insects
Maize Stem Borer ( Tunay ki sundai)
Maize shoot fly ( Koonpal ki makhi)
Maize Jassids ( Chust telia)
Maize aphids ( Susat telia)
Army worm ( Lushkari sundai)
Cut worm ( Choor keera)
Termites ( Deemak)
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Maize Stem BorerMaize Stem Borer
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2.Maize Aphids
Nymph Winged Adult
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TermitesTermites
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Army Worm
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Maize Diseases
Maize head smut
Fusarium stalk rot
Common rust
Anthracnose Leaf Blight (Fungus)
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Maize head smut
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Fusarium stalk rot
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Common rust
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Anthracnose Leaf Blight (Fungus)
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Maize Weeds
1. Jungli cholai2. Dehla3. Khabal gass4. Kulfa5. Swank6. Tandla7. Mandana8. Bhakhra9. Leeli10. Krund11. Buru gass12. Dhodhak13. Itsit14. Mako
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Rice
InsectsStem borer ( Tunay ka gurwan)Aphids ( Telia)Hopper ( Hopper)Leaf Roler ( Leaf roler)Army worm Grass hopperHispa ( saya bhoondi)
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Rice
Diseases
Rice blast ( Dehan ka bubhka)
Rice blight ( Julsaoo)
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Rice weeds
Mirch bootiDhedhanDehlaBoohienGoheinKhabalNarooLehliChapati fernMandana grass
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Wheat Insects
Grass hopper
Army worm
Aphids
Termites
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Wheat Diseases
Rust
Smut
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Wheat weeds
PholiPiaziLehliBathuMina SanjiBili bootiChatri dhodhakJamdarJangli palakKrundShahtraJangli mattarJhangli haloonKhabalDumbi sutty
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Rabi Vegetables insects
Cabbage buterflySemi looperCaterpillarDiamond back mothMealy bugSaw flyOnion thripsPea mothLeaf minerAphidArmy wormCut wormFruit borer
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49
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Rabi Vegetables Diseases
Potato blight ( Early & Late)
Tomato blight ( Early & Late)
Root rot
Collar rot
Fruit rot
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Rabi weeds
BathuBili bootiJangli palakJangli choolaiJangli haloonChandaniSanjiKrund LehliMinaKhabal
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Kharif vegetables
Insects
Aphids
Fruit fly
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Kharif Vegetables
Diseases
Damping off
Powdery mildew
Downy mildew
Mosaic virus
Root knot nematodes
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Kharif Weeds
ItsitTandla CholaiDehlaKhabhalKulfaLoomer gassMandhana gassBathuMakoHazardani
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Citrus
InsectsLeaf miner (Surang bananay wala keera)Red and yellow scaleBlack aphidsLemon buterflyCitrus psyllaCitrus buterfly ( Teetri)Citrus white fly ( Sufeed makhi)Citrus fruitfly ( Phal ki makhi)
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Citrus FFS Orchards
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Citrus
DiseasesCitrus cankerWither tipFoot rotGumosisVirus tristesiaGreeningNematodes
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Beneficial insects
Beneficial Insects ( Predators Shakari Keeray)LLBPraying MantisOrius bugsChrysopaBeetleSpidersPredatory mitesLace wingSyrphid flyDragon flyDamsel flyAssassin bugAnts
( Parasites Tufeely Keeri)Trichogramma ( Larva parasite)Costesia flavipes ( Larvae parasite)Epiricania melanolenca ( Adult killing) Ichnid fly
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1. Lady bird beetle
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Lady bird Beetle
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LBB egg mass
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2. Praying mantids
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Praying mantids
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Praying mantids
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3. Orius bugs
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4. Green Lacewing
chrysoperla sp
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5. Ground beetle
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Cater pillar hunter beetle
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6. Spiders
Harvestman, Daddy longlegs, Harvest spider
Phalangium opilio(Arachnida: Opiliones, Phalangiidae)
L-Harvestman adult male (Phalangium opilio)
R-Harvestman adult female (Phalangium opilio
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Spider
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7. Predatory Mites contd
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8. Chrysoperia
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9. Syrphid fly
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Syrphid fly
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10. Damsel fly
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11. Dragon fly
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12. Asssasan bug
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13. Ants
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14. Ant lion
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15 Pirate bugs
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16 .Stink bug
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17. Ambush bug
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Parasitoid Trichogramma
Trichogramma wasps
Parasite Cabbageworm, tomato hornworm,Corn earworm, codling moth, Cutworm, Armyworm, Webworm,
Cabbage looper, Corn borer, moth & butterfly eggs
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Parasitoid Braconidae
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Parasitoid Encarsia formosa
EncarsiaEncarsia formosaHymenoptera: AphelinidaeTiny parasiticWasp PARASTOID
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Ichneumon fly/wasp Parastoids
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Trichopoda pennipes
(Diptera: Tachinidae Trichopoda pennipes adult
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Anaphes flavipes(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)
A. flavipes female
on host egg.
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Encarsia inaron
(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Left: Adult female Encarsia inaron.Right: E. inaron exit holes (arrow) from Ash whitefly nymphs.
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“We must have insect control, I do not favor turning nature over to
insects. I favor the sparing, selective and
intelligent use of chemicals. It is the
indiscriminate, blanket spraying that I oppose”
(Rachel Carson, 1962)
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“The obligation to endure
gives us the right to
know.”
(Rachel Carson, 1962)
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Hands Picking Poison
I am the future, Protect me Please
Pesticides
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PARADIGM SHIFTS IN IPM
From chemical to a more ECOLOGICAL approachFrom a top-down delivery mechanism of technology to EDUCATION, i.e. a focus on understanding rather than following instructions or adopting a package of practices
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THANK THANK YOUYOU