24 contraceptives questions

7/28/2019 24 Contraceptives Questions

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Haveles: Applied Pharmacology for the Dental Hygienist, 5th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 24: Pregnancy and Breast Feeding

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The following measures should be taken when prescribing drugs to a pregnant woman,exceptone. Which is the exception?

a.

No unnecessary drugs should be administered.

b

.

An adequate health history should be taken at each appointment.

c

.

Schedule morning appointments during the first trimester.

d.

Closely coordinate with the patients obstetrician.

ANS: C

Correct: Because of potential morning sickness during the first trimester, it is better

to schedule appointments in the afternoon during this period.

Incorrect choices: Others are all prudent measures to be followed with the pregnantdental patient.

REF: p. 420

2. What are potential consequences of administering a drug to a pregnant woman?

a

.

Teratogenicity to the fetus

b.

Spontaneous abortion

c

.

Delayed and long-term physiologic and psychologic consequences

d

.

Adverse reactions in the near-term fetus

e.

All of the above

ANS: E

Mosby items and derived items 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.


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Test Bank

Incorrect Choices: All of the other answers cover the generally accepted concerns

regarding drug administration to a pregnant woman. Spontaneous abortion could occur

upon early exposure to a toxic agent, followed by teratogenicity, especially if the drug ispresent while the organs are forming, followed by adverse reactions to the fully formed

fetus. Finally exposure to a drug in utero may lead to adverse consequences that do not

emerge until later in life.

REF: p. 421

3. The pregnant dental patient is most comfortable during which period?

a

.

First trimester

b

.

Second trimester

c.

Third trimester

d. None of the above

ANS: B

Correct: The second trimester is a good time to administer prophylaxis and any

necessary dental treatment, because the patient is beyond the morning sickness stages that

might be experienced during the first trimester, and is still comfort-able reclining in thedentists chair for a moderate duration.

REF: p. 421

4. A drug for which animal studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus, and of

which there are no adequate studies in pregnant women, would fall into which FDApregnancy risk category?

a

.

Category A

b

.

Category B

c.

Category C

d

.

Category D

e.

Category X

ANS: B

Correct: For category A, adequate studies have been performed in humans and animals

without demonstrating fetal risk.


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Test Bank

REF: p. 424

5. Which of the following local anesthetics would be the best choice for dental application

in the pregnant patient?

a. Prilocaine

b

.

Lidocaine

c

.

Bupivacaine

d.

Mepivacaine

ANS: B

Correct: Lidocaine is the local anesthetic of first choice for the pregnant womanbecause it is a category B drug and is not associated with methemoglobinemia, as isprilocaine.

Incorrect choices: Unlike lidocaine and prilocaine, bupivacaine and mepivacaine

are pregnancy category C.

REF: pp. 422, 428

6. Which of the following agents can cause premature closure of the patent ductus

arteriosus?

a. Acetaminophen

b.

Clindamycin

c

.

Triazolam

d

.

Ibuprofen

ANS: D

Correct: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents can cause premature closure of the

ductus arteriosus. The other choices do not have this activity.

REF: p. 428

7. Which antiinfective agent is least teratogenic?

a.

Clarithromycin


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Test Bank

b

.

Doxycycline

c.

Cephalexin

d

.

Metronidazole

ANS: C

Correct: First and second generation cephalosporins have not been associated with

teratogenicity (Category B).

Incorrect choices: Clarithromycin is category C. Doxycycline is category D.Metronidazole is category B, however, it has been shown in animals to produce birth

defects.

REF: pp. 424429

8. Use of which of the following agents during pregnancy is associated with floppy infant

syndrome?

a.

Naproxen

b

.

Diazepam

c

.

Nystatin

d

.

Warfarin

ANS: B

Correct: Use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy has produced floppy infant

syndrome.

Incorrect choices: Neither naproxen, nystatin, nor warfarin, cause floppy infantsyndrome.

REF: pp. 423427, 429430

9. Use of which of the following agents during pregnancy is associated with producing anabnormal number of digits in the newborn?

a

.

Alcohol

b

.

Codeine

c Erythromycin


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Test Bank

.

d

.

Ketoconazole

ANS: DCorrect: Ketoconazole has been shown to be teratogenic in rats, causing syndactyly

and oligodactyly, an abnormal number of digits.

Incorrect choices: Neither alcohol, codeine, nor erythromycin are commonlyknown to produce an abnormal number of digits in the newborn.

REF: pp. 424429

10. The following agents have been demonstrated to produce skeletal abnormalities in the

fetus exceptone. Which is the exception?

a. Doxycycline

b

.

Erythromycin estolate

c.

Warfarin

d

.

Aspirin

ANS: B

Correct: Erythromycin estolate is not teratogenic.Incorrect choices: Doxycycline can inhibit fetal bone growth, warfarin can cause

chondrodysplasia and hypoplastic nasal bridge, and aspirin can cause birth defects

involving the skeleton.

REF: pp. 424428

11. Erythromycin is concentrated in breast milk. A nursing mother should be givenerythromycin only if the breast milk is expressed and discarded during treatment and 48

hours after the last dose.

a

.

Both statements are true.

b

.

Both statements are false.

c.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

d

.

The first statement is false; the second is true.


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Test Bank

ANS: C

Correct: While erythromycin is concentrated in the breast milk, it has not been

documented to produce problems.

REF: pp. 428429

TRUE/FALSE

1. In managing the pregnant patient, it is best to avoid elective dental treatment until thethird trimester.

ANS: F

Correct: The second trimester is the preferred time for dental treatment.

REF: pp. 402421

2. Although opioids appear in breast milk when analgesic doses are administered, the smallamounts appear have an insignificant effect on the nursing infant.

ANS: T

Correct: While large doses used by opioid addicts can cause adverse effects on the

nursing infant, small analgesic doses appear safe.

REF: pp. 424428

3. Aspirin is generally considered to be safe in pregnancy.

ANS: F

Correct: Aspirin can cause a variety of birth defects involving many organs.Acetaminophen is generally considered safe in pregnancy.

REF: p. 428

4. The wives of dental personnel who are exposed to trace amounts of nitrous oxide in theworkplace have a higher incidence of spontaneous abortion.

ANS: T

Correct: Continued exposure to small amounts of nitrous oxide by a man or woman canadversely affect the progress of a subsequent pregnancy.

REF: pp. 429430


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