24 HOUR HAZARDOUS

WASTE OPERATIONS

TRAINING

AgendaDay One

Regulations Engineering Controls Hazard Recognition Chemical Toxicology Biological and

Radiological Toxicology Personal Protective

Equipment

Day Two Medical Surveillance Monitoring and

Sampling Decontamination Safe Work Practices

Confined SpaceHandling drums and

other containersTransportation of

Hazardous Wastes

Emergency Procedures

Agenda

Day Three Decontamination Review Tabletop

Identification and Hazard Assessment

Tabletop Drill/Exercise

Written Test

Introduction

What is HAZWOPER? Hazardous Waste Sites Treatment, Storage and Disposal Sites Emergency Response regardless of location

OSHA/EPA Colorado Department of Public Health and

the Environment.

Introduction

Training Requirements 40 Hours off-site + 3 day on- site

Who? Why?

24 Hours off-site + 1 day on- siteWho? Why?

8 Hour Supervisor Who? Why?

Environmental Laws

CERCLARCRASARATSCA

40

CERCLA

Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation Liability Act Commonly referred to as the the Superfund

law, requires cleanup of releases of hazardous substances in the air, water, groundwater, and on the land.

Both new spills and leaking or abandoned dumpsites are covered.

RCRA

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Effective October 21,1976, with three distinct

goals.To protect human health and the environmentTo reduce waste and conserve energy and natural

resourcesTo reduce or eliminate the generation of

hazardous waste as efficiently and quickly as possible

Governs wastes from “cradle to grave”

SARA

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Effective 1986, Gave more authority to the

EPA and reauthorized funding Mandated OSHA to develop health and safety

standards for hazardous waste workers. (HAZWOPER regulations)

SARA Title III - Community Right to Know

TSCA

Toxic Substance Control Act Sets standards for the manufacturing,

handling and use of toxic chemicals. Requires employees to be trained on the

hazards associated with handling and use of toxic chemicals.

OSHA REGULATIONS

Occupational Safety and Health ACT

Effective April 28, 1971Requires:

All workers have a safe and healthy work environment.

All employers to take steps to protect employees from recognized hazards or eliminate such hazards.

Provides employee rights and responsibilities.

Rights & ResponsibilitiesRights

To a safe work place To request an

inspection To request information

on safety and health hazards in the work place

To exercise your rights without discrimination

Responsibilities Comply with all OSHA

Standards Follow all safety rules and

wear appropriate PPE Report hazardous

conditions to your supervisor

Report any illness or injury promptly

OSHA

• Four Categories of StandardsDesign StandardsPerformance StandardsVertical StandardsHorizontal Standards

• 29 CFR 1910.120 paragraphs (b) through (o)

OSHA Regulations

29 CFR 1910

29 CFR 1926

VentilationNoise Ionizing RadiationHazardous MaterialsPPEFire ProtectionMaterial HandlingElectricalTrenching

29 CFR 1910.120

Hazardous Waste Sites Superfund Sites Corrective action/Clean up at RCRA Sites Voluntary Clean up recognized by

Governmental agencies

Treatment, Storage and Disposal SitesEmergency Response

HAZWOPER Standard

Scope, Application and Definitions

Safety and Health Program

Site CharacterizationSite ControlTrainingMedical SurveillanceEngineering Controls

Monitoring Informational

ProgramsHandling Drums and

ContainersDecontaminationEmergency Response Illumination SanitationNew Technology

Safety & Health Program

Organizational StructureComprehensive Work planSite-Specific Health and Safety Plans (HASP)Health and Safety Training ProgramMedical Surveillance ProgramStandard Operating ProceduresCoordination/Interface Procedures

Site-Specific PlanKey PersonnelHealth and Safety

Risk AnalysisSite Control

MeasuresTraining AssignmentsMedical Surveillance

RequirementsPersonal Protective

Equipment

Air and Employee Monitoring

Spill ContainmentConfined Space

ProceduresDecontamination

ProceduresEmergency Response

Plan

SITE CHARACTERIZATION

Requirements

Found in Paragraph (c)

Topics Preliminary evaluation Hazard identification Required information Personal protective equipment Monitoring Risk identification Employee notification

OFF - SITE CHARACTERIZATION

Performed prior to entry

Divided in two parts:

- Interview/Records Search

- Perimeter Reconnaissance

ON - SITE CHARACTERIZATION

Purpose is to verify

and supplement

information obtained

from off-site survey.

ON - SITE CHARACTERIZATION

Types of ContainersLabels or MarkingsCondition of

ContainersCondition of Materials Identify Wind

ShadowsDetermine Potential

Pathways of Dispersion

Indicators of exposureSafety Hazards Identify Reactive,

Flammable or Corrosive Materials

Collect SamplesNote Land FeaturesNote Natural irritants

Poison Ivy

Work ZonesWorker Safety

Procedures

Site Map

Communications Network

Buddy System

Nearby Medical Facilities

The Site Control Program

Site Control

Site Map

Compile a site map prior to entry and update throughout course of operation. Denote changes, evacuation routes, problems areas, wind shadows, etc.

Work Zones

Site Security

During

Working Hours

And

Off-duty Hours

Communication

Internal Radios Noisemakers

BellsSirens

Visual SignalsHand SignalsLightsFlagsFlares

External Off-Site

Emergency Response

Site ManagementRegulatory Agencies

Buddy SystemProvide Partner with

AssistanceObserve Partner for

signs of Chemical or Heat Exposure

Periodically Check Integrity of Partners PPE

Notify Site Manager if Emergency Assistance is Needed

Site PreparationThis can be as

hazardous as site cleanup

Some major steps thatneed to be implemented- Roadways- Traffic Flow- Building Construction- Work Zone

Safe Work Procedures

Engineering Controls

Safe Work Procedures

Standing Orders

SAFE WORK PROCEDURES

• Confined Space Procedure

• Personal Protective Equipment

• Lock Out-Tag Out Procedures

Medical Facilities

Nearest Medical Facilities Ambulances Hospitals Emergency Clinics Police Fire

Map

Risks And Hazards

Health FireReactivity

Hazardous materials present three main risks:

Health

Health hazards are dependent on the materials involved and the routes of entry. Inhalation Ingestion Absorption Skin Contact

Fire

Fires can develop as a result of leaks or spills.

Liquids or vapors that readily ignite can cause burns and other heat related injuries

Reactivity

Some chemicals will react when place in contact with others.

Reactions can vary from generation of toxic gases to polymerization to violent explosions.

Due to the threat of explosions, reactivity is the most feared.

Identification And Hazard Assessment

Assessment

The MOST critical aspect of a hazardous substance response is the identification of the substances and a thorough assessment of the hazards that are presented.

You can’t manage the site/incident if you can’t identify and assess the problem.

IdentificationInformation Sources:

M.S.D.S. Placards and Labels Shipping Papers Reference Guides Technical Information Centers NFPA 704 System Computer Data Bases Other (Monitoring results, witnesses, process

knowledge, etc.)

Assessment

This process is the basis for the selection of PPE, control measures, engineering controls, monitoring devices, decontamination methods, disposal and everything associated with this incident/site.

At least three sources are preferred to perform an identification and hazard assessment.

Key Acronyms

BP=Boiling pointFP=Flash point IT=Ignition temperatureFR=Flammable rangeLFL(LEL) and UFL(UEL)=Upper and Lower

Flammable (Explosive) limitsSG=Specific GravityVD=Vapor DensityVP=Vapor Pressure Sol=Solubility

Chemical Toxicology

Toxicology the degree to

which a chemical or substance has a harmful effect on humans or other living things.

Based on information gained from: Epidemiological

studies Animal Studies

Chemical Toxicology

Routes of Entry Inhalation Ingestion Injection Contact

Chemical Toxicology

Dose It is the dose that

kills not the material.

Water is toxic at a certain dose as well as table salt.

Synergistic EffectsAsbestos &

Smoking

LD50 and LC50The amount of material

that results in the deaths of 50% of a sample group of laboratory

animals

Radiological Toxicology

Ionizing Alpha Beta Gamma Neutron

Non-ionizing Radiant heat Lasers Ultraviolet light Radio waves

Radiological Toxicology

Alpha Largest particle Stopped by

paper/clothing Health hazard if

inhaled or ingested Only travel a few

centimeters in the air.

Beta Smaller particles and

they travel further Stopped by thin metal, a

thickness of wood, plastic or glass.

Health hazard to the skin, eyes and internal organs if ingested or inhaled

Radiological Toxicology

Gamma Most dangerous NO mass, just pure energy Travel great distances Will pass through the human body and

interact with living cells Stopped by lead, concrete, and other

dense materials

Radiological Toxicology

Measuring/Monitoring RAD - radiation absorbed

dose REM - roentgen

equivalent man

mrad/hr, rad/hr or mrem/hr, rem/hr

What measuring devices do you have?

Protection Time Distance Shielding

As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)

Toxicology

Acute vs. ChronicKind of material, concentration, and physical

stateType of toxinDoseDuration of exposureFrequency of exposurePersonal tolerances (dose/response)Target Organs of toxin

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Written PPE Program

Number of person-hours that workers will wear various PPE

Levels of exposureAdequacy of the PPEOperational

GuidelinesTraining and Fitting

Procedures

Decon, cleaning, inspection, maintenance and storage procedures

Accident and Illness experience

Selection Procedures

Respiratory Equipment

Air purifying respirators

Air supplying respirators Supplied Air

Respirator(SAR) Self-contained

Breathing Apparatus(SCBA)

Air Supplying RespiratorsSCBA

Positive or Negative Pressure Open Circuit

Time limitations

Closed CircuitWeight

SAR Positive Pressure Escape SCBA Air line length

300 feet

Air Purifying Respirators

Powered Air-Purifying Respirator Positive Pressure

Full Face/Half Face Respirator Negative Pressure

Particulate FilterSorbent

Cartridges/CanistersCombination

PPE SelectionBased on Hazard

assessment.Compatible with

exposure.Sufficient

durability.Temperature

effects.Decon Methods

Permeation Chemical/material moves

through protective clothing.Degradation

Loss of or change in the fabric’s chemical resistance.

Penetration Movement of contaminates

through zippers, seams, tears, etc.

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Emergency alarm signals

Puncture wounds, scrapes or

abrasions

Halon discharge

Sickness

Air supply disruption

Level A PPE

Highest Protection Provided for:

• Respiratory Tract

• Skin

• Eyes

Level A Equipment

Recommended:• SCBA or SAR• Totally Encapsulating

Chem.Resistant Suit• Chem. Resistant Inner

&Outer Gloves & BootsOptional:• Cooling Unit• Coveralls• Hard Hat• Disposable Gloves• Boot Covers

Level B PPE

• Maximum Respiratory Protection

• Lesser Degree of Skin Protection

• Minimal Level Recommended for Initial Site Entry Until Hazards Are Identified

RECOMMENDED:• SCBA or Supplied-Air

Respirator with Escape SCBA• Chem. Resistant Clothing• Chem.Resistant Inner and Outer

Gloves & Boots

OPTIONAL:• Hard Hat• Coveralls• Face shield• Disposable Gloves• Boot Covers• Long Cotton Underwear

Level B Equipment

Same skin protection as Level B PPE

Lesser degree of respiratory protection, the contaminates are known.

Air Purifying Respirators (APR’s) with compatible cartridges.

Level C PPE

RECOMMENDED:• Air Purifying Respirator (APR)• Chem. Resistant Clothing• Chem.Resistant Inner and Outer Gloves & Boots

OPTIONAL:• Hard Hat• Coveralls• Face shield• Disposable Gloves• Boot Covers• Long Cotton Underwear

Level C PPE

Minimal Skin Protection No Respiratory Protection Normal work clothes, fire fighting

turnout gear are level D

Level D PPE

RECOMMENDED:• Hard Hat• Coveralls• Safety Glasses• Safety shoesOPTIONAL:• Hearing protection• Face shield• Disposable Gloves• Boot Covers• Long Cotton Underwear

Level D PPE

Limitations

Each level of PPE has limitations. Visibility Mobility Heat Stress Protection

All PPE must be compatible with the substance that you are working with, based on hazard assessment.

Medical Surveillance

Protection of Employee’s Health Detecting pre-existing disease or medical

conditions that may place an employee performing certain tasks in risk.

Minimizing individual exposures at the workplace, so that the disease process is never initiated.

Medical Surveillance

Site Medical Program Components Surveillance Treatment Record keeping Program review

Medical Surveillance Pre-employment screenings Periodic medical exams Follow up exams After injury or overexposure Exam after notifying employer of

symptoms which may be related to exposure.

Termination exam

Medical Surveillance

Affected Employees Employees who are, or

may be exposed to PELs of hazardous substances or health hazards for 30 days or more per year

Employees who wear a respirator for 30 days or more per year

Members of organized HAZMAT teams

Employees who are injured as a result of overexposure during a site emergency or who show symptoms of illness that may have resulted from overexposure to hazardous substances.

Monitoring & Sampling

Hazardous Atmospheres Explosive Toxic Oxygen deficient Oxygen enriched Radioactive

Monitoring & Sampling

Identify and quantify airborne contaminants on and off site.

Track changes in air contaminants that occur over the lifetime of the incident.

Assist in defining work zones

Ensure proper selection of work practices and engineering controls.

Determine the level of worker protection needed

Identify additional medical monitoring needs

Monitoring & Sampling

Direct Reading Instruments Multi-gas detectors Dose-rate meters Colormetric tubes PID

Laboratory Analysis Gas sampling bags Filters Sorbents Wet collection

methods

Monitoring & Sampling

Perimeter monitoring Zone requirements

Periodic monitoring Work in a different area Different operations, i.e.

demolition vs. collection Different contaminants Obvious liquid

contamination, spills or lagoons

Personal Monitoring High risk employees Area samples Industrial hygiene

techniques Medical surveillance

requirements

FOOT AREA ORCANDLES OPERATIONS

5

3

5

10

30

General Site

Excavation, Storage

Warehouses, Tunnels

General Shops

Offices

Illumination

Potable Water

Nonpotable Water

Toilet facilities

Food handling

Washing facilities

Shower and change

rooms

Sanitation

Safe Work Practices

Confined Space Procedures

Control of hazardous energy (Lock out)

Fall Protection

Material/Waste Handling

Confined Space

Limited entry and exitLarge enough and so

configured to allow a person to enter and perform work

Not design for continuous human occupancy

Confined Space

“Permit Required” Contains or has the

potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere

Potential for engulfment Inwardly converging walls Any other recognized

serious safety or health hazard.

Confined Space

Training Requirements Entrant Attendant Supervisor Rescue Team

Permit Requirements Define the work Evaluate all hazards Monitoring

requirements Protection from all

hazards Names and number of

entrants ETC.

Material Handling

• Detonation

• Fires

• Explosions

• Vapor Generation

• Physical Injury

Hazards

• 29 CFR 1910 and 1926 contain OSHA standards for chemical containers and their handling.

• 40 CFR 265 contains EPA requirements for waste containers and storage areas.

• 49 CFR 171-178 (DOT) specifies container standards and shipping procedures for hazardous wastes.

Drum Handling

Monitor conditions in the immediate vicinity of drums.

Perform visual inspection of drums.

Classify drums into preliminary hazard categories.

Drum Inspection

Look for:

• Symbols, words, marksindicating contents.

• Signs of deterioration.

• Signs that the drum isunder pressure.

• Drum type.

• Configuration ofdrum head.

Drum Inspection

The purpose of handling is to:

Respond to any obvious safety problems

Unstack and orient drums for sampling

Organize drums into different areas

Handling

A preliminary plan should contain:

• Extent of handling necessary

• Personnel selected for the job

• Appropriate procedures based on the hazards associated with the probable drum contents

Planning

Radioactive Waste Explosive or Shock

Sensitive Waste

Bulging Drums Lab Pack Drums Leaking, Open and

Deteriorated Drums Buried Drums

Types Of Containers

Decontamination

Purpose Of Decon

• Cleans PPE & equipment

• Protects workers

• Prevents further contamination

• Protects environment

• Protects community

Zones

MAXIMUMDECONTAMINATION

LAYOUT

6 5 4 3 2 1

7

8

10

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

HOTLINE

19

CONTAMINATION CONTROL LINE

Suit/Safety Boot Wash

Inner Glove Removal

Face Piece Removal

Redress

Suit/Boot/Glove Rinse

Inner Glove Wash

Inner Clothing Removal

Inner Glove Rinse

Splash Suit Removal

Safety Boot Removal

Field Wash

Canister or Mask Change

9

Outer Glove Removal

Boot Cover Removal

Tape Removal

Boot Cover & Glove Rinse

Boot Cover & Glove Wash

Segregated Equipment Drop

SUPPORT ZONE

EXCLUSION ZONE

Level B Protection CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE

11 SCBA Backpack Removal

Physical

Chemical

Combination

Decon Methods

Decontamination methods may:

Be incompatible with hazardous

substances.

Be incompatible with equipment.

Pose a direct health hazard to workers.

Health And Safety

Generally selected based on availability

• Tanks • Brushes • Buckets • Storage Containers

Decon Equipment

Spill Response

ALL SPILLED MATERIALSARE DANGEROUS

Assume that

Chemical Inactivation

and

Absorption

Fighting A Spill

Tabletop Drill

Storm Drain

Drums

ABANDONEDVEHICLE

Map