241531012 social studies sba

8/20/2019 241531012 Social Studies SBA

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CXC

Caribbean Examination CouncilSchool Based Assessment (S.B.A)

2014

Name: Tasheika King

School: Port Antonio High School

Centre #: ____10097_________

Candidate #: ____10______________

Teacher: !iss "amond

Ta$le o% Contents


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Titles Pages

Ackno&ledgement

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

((

)ntrod*ction

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''(

Statement o% the Pro$lem

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''((

"esearch

+*estions'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''((

!ethod o%

)n,estigation'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''(

)nstr*ment -sed to Collect

.ata'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Proced*re *sed to collect

.ata''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

/


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Presentation and 2lanation o% .ata

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''((

)nter2retation and Analsis o%

.ata'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(

3indings'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''

"ecommendation and )m2lementation

Strateg''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4i$liogra2h'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''

A22endi'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''(

Ackno&ledgement

The are a %e& 2ersons the researcher o&es a great deal o% gratit*de %or the

s*ccess%*l com2letion o% this st*d( 3irstl5 the researcher &o*ld like to share her

gratit*de to the residence o% 3ello&shi2 %or their coo2eration and 2artici2ation(

Secondl5 a s2ecial thanks to the researcher6s %ather %or his constant

enco*ragement and %or $eing their e,er ste2 along the &a( 3inall5 the


4/34

researcher &o*ld like to thank her Social St*dies teacher5 !iss "amond %or her

g*idance thro*gho*t this st*d(

)ntrod*ction

-nem2loment is a social iss*e that ha,e $een a 2lag*e in the comm*nit o%

3ello&shi2( This is a small %arming and residential comm*nit made *2 o%

a22roimatel h*ndred and t&ent residents 81/0( 3ello&shi2 is located in

amaica5 Portland( )t is a22roimatel ;,e miles %rom Port Antonio5 the ca2ital o%

Portland(


5/34

Sit 2ercentage o% the 2o2*lation o% 3ello&shi2 is o% mied descendant5

t&ent 2ercent A%rican and the other t&ent 2ercent are )ndians( These 2erson are

mainl Christians o% di


6/34

To2ic: -nem2loment

Statement o% Pro$lem:

To &hat etent does *nem2loment a


7/34

"easons %or Selecting the Area o% "esearch

The researcher has $een o$ser,ing this iss*e that is a


8/34

!ethod o% )n,estigation

)n order to collect data %or the s*r,e5 the inter,ie&er decided to *se 2rinted

*estionnaires( The *estionnaires *sed as a tool %or collecting in%ormation &as

*sed $eca*se o% its merits( These incl*de:

• )t re*ires little time to $e com2leted(

• )t can $e done at the res2ondent6s con,enience(

• )t is g*aranteed con;dentialit5 since res2ondents are not allo&ed to

attach their names on it(• )t allo&s data to $e collected %rom large n*m$ers o% 2ersons(

• )t makes it 2ossi$le to com2are res2onse o% res2ondents(

• )t can $e *sed to collect data that can $e re2resented in statistical %orm(

D


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.ata Collection )nstr*ment

S*r,e determining: ETo &hat etent does *nem2loment a< ects

the indi, id*als in,ol,ed and &hat meas*res can $e 2*t in 2 lace to

increase em2loment o22ort*ni t ies?F

.ear "esidents5

This is a s*r,e $eing carried o*t in the 3ello&shi2 district to determine to &hat

etent does *nem2loment a


10/34

Proced*re -sed to Collect .ata

3ello&shi2 has a22roimatel 1/0 ho*seholds( )t &as calc*lated that a sam2le

o% /0I &as necessar in order to ens*re acc*rate concl*sions on the etent to

&hich em2loment a


11/34

Presentation and 2lanation o% .ata

*t o% the thirt 80 *estionnaires that &ere distri$*ted to the *nem2loed

residence in 3ello&shi2 a total n*m$er o% /7 &as ret*rned5 onl /> *estionnaires

&as *sed( % the /> onl 1 &ere male and 1/ &ere %emale( That is5 DI &ere

%emale and remaining >/I &ere male(

AI1/I

1AIDI

Ca*ses o% -nem2lo#ment in 3ello&shi2 N*m$er o% )ndi,id*als

No =o$s a,aila$le near$# ha,e a disa$ilit# or illness

laid o< ;red

Fiure 1. !ie Chart sho"in the Causes o# $nem%lo&ment in Fello"shi%.

3ig*re 1 sho&s the ca*ses o% *nem2loment in 3ello&shi2( !ost o% the *nem2loed

2o2*lation are *nem2loed $eca*se there is no =o$s a,aila$le near$( That is I

o% the *nem2loed indi,id*al in 3ello&shi2( @hile 1/I are *nem2loed $eca*se

11


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the ha,e a disa$ilit or an illness5 1I $eca*se the ha,e $een laid o< and DI

are *nem2loed $eca*se the &ere dismissed %rom &ork(

0I/0I0IA0ID0I

@h# -nem2lo#ment is so 2re,alent in 3ello&shi2?

'es%ondents 'es%onses

!ercentae

Fiure 2. Bar ra%h sho"in the reason #or the %realence o#

unem%lo&ment in Fello"shi%.

3ig*re / sho&s the res2ondents res2onses to &h *nem2loment is so 2re,alent in

3ello&shi2( Signi;cantl 0I o% the res2ondents $elie,ed that the reason &h

*nem2loment is so 2re,alent in 3ello&shi2 is $eca*se indi,id*als did not recei,ed

ade*ate training and skills5 &hile $elie,es it is $eca*se 2eo2le *it their =o$s

$eca*se o% lo& &ages5 DI s*ggested that it is $eca*se o% the 2oor &orking

conditions 2eo2le *it and /0I re%*se to &ork(

1/


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N*m$er o % indi,id*als

0I

>0I

100I

@hat are the ma=or ca*se o% *nem2lo#ment in 3ello&shi2?

"etired %*lltime st*dents

re%*sed to go into

agric*lt*re

no one &ants

ine2erience

em2lo#ees

Percentage

Ca*ses

Fiure . *istoram sho"in the ma+or causes o# unem%lo&ment(

3ig*re sho&s the ma=or ca*ses o% *nem2loment( The ma=orit o% indi,id*als &ho

are &itho*t =o$s are *nem2loed $eca*se the re%*se to go into agric*lt*re5 this is

>I( @hile 0I are *nem2loed $eca*se the are ine2erience th*s no one &ants

to hire them5 DI are $eca*se the are %*lltime st*dents or retired(

0I/I

1AI

@hat are the main e


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Fiure 4. !ie chart sho"in the e,ect o# unem%lo&ment-

3ig*re sho&s the e


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nco*raging cottage ind*str#

nco*rage technical ed*cation

nco*rage a gric*lt*ral 2ractises

nco*rage small $*siness ,ent*res

0I /0I 0I A0I

.hat can be done to create more em%lo&ment o%%ortunities !ercentae-

Percentage

K2tions

Fiure . Sho" "a&s to create more em%lo&ment o%%ortunities-

3ig*re > sho&s that /0I o% the res2ondents $elie,es that enco*raging o% small

$*siness ,ent*re can create more em2loment o22ort*nities( @hile /I $elie,es

that cottage ind*str m*st $e enco*raged5 DI to enco*rage agric*lt*ral 2ractices

and DI $elie,es that enco*raging technical ed*cation &o*ld create more

em2loment o22ort*nities(

$etter &orking conditions0I

10I

/0I

70I

0I

>0I

@hat meas*res can $e 2*t in 2lace to alle,iate *nem2lo#ment ?

K2tions

N*m$er o% "es2ondents

Fiure . Bar ra%h sho"in measures to alleiate unem%lo&ment-

1>


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3ig*re sho&s meas*re to alle,iate *nem2loment in 3ello&shi2( These most

lika$le meas*re $ res2ondents are increase o% &ages5 0I recommends that

&ages( @hile the /I res2ondents choose that $etter &orking conditions &o*ld

alle,iate *nem2loment( @hereas /0I $elie,e that enco*raging st*dies in areas

&here =o$s are a,aila$le and 1I $elie,es that to set *2 2rograms to hel2 2eo2le

;nd =o$s &o*ld hel2 to alle,iate *nem2loment(

@hat meas*res can $e taken $ the go,ernment to hel2 red*ce *nem2loment?

'es%onses 3umber o#

'es%ondents

!ercentae o#

indiiduals

'a" materials can be used to

enerate ne" %roducts )))) )))) I

Control birth rate

lll 1/I

m%roin in#rastructure in

ariculture )lll ll

/DI

ar5et tourism more iorousl&

llll l

/I

/able 2. /all& chart sho"in the measures that can be ta5en b& theoernment to hel% reduce unem%lo&ment-

1


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The ta$le sho&s that most indi,id*als s*ggests that the go,ernment can red*ce

*nem2loment $ generating ne& 2rod*cts %rom ra& materials I5 &hile the

other recommends that the go,ernment controls the $irth rate 1/I5 im2ro,e

in%rastr*ct*re in agric*lt*re /I5 and to market to*rism more ,igoro*sl /DI(

)nter2retation and Analsis o% .ata

)n the district o% 3ello&shi2 *nem2loment is ca*sed $ se,eral reasons5 one o%

the main ca*ses o% *nem2loment is that the are no a,aila$le =o$s near$5 that is

0I5 as 2resented in ;g*re 1( As a res*lt indi,id*als are searching %or =o$s $*t et

to ;nd an( This is $eca*se Portland is a r*ral area5 th*s =o$ o22ort*nities are

scarce

$eca*se %e& $*siness are located in these r*ral areas( This is $eca*se

market are closer in *r$an areas5 trans2ort &hich is an im2ortant %actor s*22orting

access to markets6 closeness to ra& materials5 a,aila$ilit o% a22ro2riatel skilled

17


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em2loees5 o22ort*nit %or &aste dis2osal5 a,aila$ilit o% 2o&er

s*22lies7 a,aila$ilit o% land and go,ernment incenti,es &hich 2*lls $*siness to the

*r$an areas( There%ore it can $e concl*ded that most *nem2loed 2ersons are

ca2a$le and &illing to &ork $*t are *nem2loed $eca*se o% the *na,aila$ilit o%

=o$s in Portland(

A signi;cant ca*ses o% *nem2loment is that indi,id*als do not ha,e ade*ate

training and skills to $e *ali;ed %or the =o$s a,aila$le( @hereas 0I cannot get

=o$s $eca*se the do not ha,e the ade*ate training and skill( According .r( rrol

!orrison5 the President o% -ni,ersit o% Technolog said: E!ost indi,id*als are illB

e*i22ed5 inade*atel 2re2ared or ins*cientl trained %or the =o$s the

2er%orm(F Hence5 man 2eo2le are &itho*t =o$s $eca*se o% the %e& =o$s a,aila$le

most 2eo2le are not *ali;ed to get the =o$( ,idence %rom )nternational Ma$o*r

rganiation sho&s that O"*ral 2eo2le6s access to ed*cation and training is o%ten

limited $ ;nancial $arriers 8e(g( training and trans2ortation costs and nonB

;nancial $arriers 8e(g( scarce ed*cation and training in%rastr*ct*re5 inei$le

training sched*les( s2eciall %or 2oor r*ral children and ad*lts5 the o22ort*nit

costs %or ed*cation and training ma $e too high to gi,e *2 their incomeB

generating acti,ities and *n2aid d*ties that hel2 s*stain their %amilies( !an r*ral

2eo2le do not ha,e $asic ed*cation( This also ham2ers their access to technical

and ,ocational training or other skills de,elo2ment( -ne*al gender relations and

traditional gender roles entail s2eci;c dic*lties %or r*ral girls and &omen in

accessing ed*cation and training( d*cation and training is o%ten o% inade*ate

*alit( Teachers and trainers ma $e *n*ali;ed5 e*i2ment and technolog

1D


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o*tdated5 and teaching and training methods illBs*ited to r*ral contets(6 Th*s

there are so man 2eo2le &ho are *n*ali;ed5 hence there is s*ch a large

2o2*lation o% *nem2loed indi,id*als in 3ello&shi2(

4ased on the data collected I o% the indi,id*als are &itho*t =o$s $eca*se

the re%*sed to go into agric*lt*re( This is $eca*se ade*ate in%rastr*ct*re are not

a,aila$le in these r*ral areas( There%ore the are limited access to agric*lt*ral

in2*t5 and agric*lt*re market( The are 2oor roads5 slo& technological

de,elo2ment and emerging markets in more *r$an areas( EA lack o% access

to markets B

&hether d*e to 2oor in%rastr*ct*re or 2rod*cti,it5 limited ed*cation5

or ins*cient in%ormation B 2re,ents access to $oth la$or and ca2ital( )n man

r*ral societies5 there are %e& =o$ o22ort*nities o*tside o% agric*lt*reF

8&iki2edia(orgL&ikiL"*ral 2o,ert( As a res*lt agric*lt*re is seem as an

*nattracti,e5 *n2ro;ta$le and degrading area o% &ork( Th*s man 2eo2le don6t

&ant to go into agric*lt*re es2eciall o*ng indi,id*als( According to Trone Hall5

Com2ton )nternational 3ello&5 Clark -ni,ersit5 and M)Q)Rs Head o% Comm*nication

Eo*th 2artici2ation in the agric*lt*re sector in man de,elo2ing co*ntries is ,er

lo&5 largel $eca*se the sector is highl *nattracti,ed*e to risks5 costs5

inecienc and its la$or intensi,e nat*reF8Mocal )nsight( Ho&e,er5 in r*ral areas

the are %e& other =o$ o22ort*nities %rom agric*lt*re5 rendering man 2eo2le

=o$less(

-nem2loment ha,e se,eral e


20/34

a


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s*$stance a$*se5 teenage 2regnanc5 =*,enile delin*enc and man others &hich

do not onl a


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cannot s*r,i,e &itho*t %ood5 then the demand %or agric*lt*ral 2rod*cts &ill ne,er

cease( OThe agric*lt*ral sector has a great 2otential %or creating =o$s(6 The

agric*lt*ral sector m*st conse*entl $ecome a 2rior o% all go,ernmentsF(

Additionall5 man o% the res2ondents5 that is 0I $elie,es that the increased

o% &ages &o*ld increase em2loment $eca*se 2eo2le &o*ldn6t *it their =o$s to

;nd $etter 2aing =o$s( The Princi2le o% 4*siness %or CSC amination $ ),an

@aterman5 .a,e "amsingh and Al,in "amsaroo2 states that: EThe &age str*ct*re

in the Cari$$ean economies has had an im2ortant e


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2resent e2orted in their ra& state can $e *sed to generate ne& 2rod*cts' th*s

creating =o$s(F An article in The Qleaner5 cto$er /05 /011 states that Etoo man

im2orts are ooding the islandF5 this $eca*se ra& materials are not *sed to create

ne& 2rod*cts5 th*s almost e,er 2rod*ct has to $e im2ort to amaica(

4ased on the data collected /I s*ggests that i% to*rism is market more

,igoro*sl5 it &o*ld hel2 to create tho*sands o% =o$s %or indi,id*als( The !od*le in

Social St*dies5 third edition5 $ "am2ersad "amsa&ak and "al2h "( -mra& re2orts

that Eto*rism sector has a great 2otential to create =o$s in ,ariet o% occ*2ation(F

This is tr*e $eca*se the increase in the to*rism ind*str ca*se more 2eo2le to go

in %arming5 so that the can sell 2rod*ce to to*rists and hotels and other to*rist

attraction sites( )t also create more =o$s at the hotels5 ,illas5 s2a it &o*ld create

more demand %or tai dri,ers5 to*r g*ide5 ra%ters5 and artists( ,idence %rom Uision

") also sho&s that Oto*rism &ith its &ide range o% constit*ent s*$ sectors is no&

&orldVs largest ind*str( The dramatic gro&th o% to*rism o,er the last t&ent ;,e

ears is one o% the most remarka$le economic and social 2henomena o% the

2eriod6( Also that Econser,ati,e estimates o% to*rism related em2loment 8$ase

ear /00/ $ o*r 2ro%essionals re,eal that to*rism generates a$o*t 7(> million %*ll

time =o$ e*i,alents in )ndia( )t translates to a$o*t 11 million act*al =o$sF and Ethe

em2loment im2act o% to*rism goes $eond em2loment in sectors in &hich

to*rists directl s2end their mone5 s*ch as hotels5 resta*rants and airlines(F

There%ore to*rism &o*ld $e s*22orti,e in creating em2loment o22ort*nities(

/


24/34

3indings

The s*r,e carried o*t has disco,ered se,eral %acts a$o*t the etent to &hich

*nem2loment aI $eca*se the re%*sed to go into agric*lt*re(

/ The most signi;cant e


25/34

e2erienced 2schological 2ro$lems5 0I %aces %amil 2ro$lem and 0I

migrate a&a %rom the comm*nit in the search o% =o$s(

To create em2loment o22ort*nities the go,ernment sho*ld *se ra&

materials to create ne& 2rod*cts5 market to*rism $etter and enco*rage

agric*lt*ral 2ractices( The s*r,e carried o*t sho&s these are the $est

sol*tions recommended to alle,iate *nem2loment( The data collected

sho&s that I $elie,es that *nem2loment can $e alle,iate $ *sing

ra& materials to generate ne& 2rod*cts( @hile /I $elie,es that

*nem2loment can $e *nem2loment can $e red*ced $ marketing

to*rism more acti,el and DI $elie,es in enco*raging agric*lt*ral

2ractices("ecommendation and )m2lementation Strateg

"ecommendation

The ke to economic gro&th is to red*ce *nem2loment &hich

conse*entl &o*ld red*ce other 2re,alent social 2ro$lems( There%ore in the

interest o% making 3ello&shi2 into a 2leasant comm*nit5 the residents5 and the

go,ernment &o*ld &ork together to create more em2loment o22ort*nities(

ne o% the most recommended sol*tion is that the Qo,ernment sho*ld

enco*rage agric*lt*ral 2ractices5 this &a indi,id*als can sell their cro2s to local

and or %oreign market as &ell and the &o*ld also ha,e %ood %or themsel,es and

%amil cons*m2tion( There%ore increase indi,id*als in agric*lt*re &o*ld $e ,er

$ene;cial $eca*se it can also create more em2loment %or skilled and *nskilled

indi,id*als(

/>


26/34

Additionall5 the go,ernment sho*ld market to*rism more ,igoro*sl to create

em2loment( To*rism &o*ld create =o$ o22ort*nities in man areas5 hotels5 clerks5

che%s5 artisans and man others( To*rism acti,it has long lasting socioBeconomic

im2acts on the host econom and comm*nit( The esta$lishments &hich recei,e

to*rists also $* goods and ser,ices %rom other sectors that generate em2loment

in those sectors thro*gh m*lti2lier e


27/34

m*ltiBle,el inter,ention(

The go,ernment &o*ld tr to make agric*lt*re a22ear more attracti,e and

2ro;ta$le to l*re more indi,id*als to&ards agric*lt*re( @as in &hich the

go,ernment intended to do this is $:

• Since man indi,id*als are t*rned o< $ the 2ro$lems a


28/34

The to*rism sector &ill create &as to market to*rism $etter so that

em2loment can $e create( To do this the sector &o*ld ha,e to increase the

n*m$er to*rist ,acating in amaica and increased satis%action ratings o% to*rism in

amaica( The sector &ill do this $ *nderstanding the moti,ations and 2re%erences

o% ,isitors in their decisionBmaking and tra,el 2lanning 2rocess and ho& these

$eha,iors change o,er time identi%ing a22ro2riate ,isitor markets that O;t6 the

destination attractions and e2eriences and align &ith comm*nit ,al*es

.e,elo2ing a OStrategic !arketing Plan6 to 2ro,ide direction %or destination

marketing acti,ities( Also $ de,elo2ing a stakeholder agreed5 strong and

recognied destination $rand and image that is *nder2inned $ the ,al*es and

*ni*e 2oint o% di


29/34

"amsa&ak "am2ersad and -mra& "( "al2h( odules in Social Studies "ithS.B.A 8uide and C.X.C 9uestions. Trinidad: "(P(M Mtd(5 /00>(

@aterman M( ),an5 "amsingh .a,e and "amsaroo2 P( Al,in( !rinci%le o# Business#or CSEC Examination(

Haralam$o*s and Hol$orn( Sociolo&7 /hemes and !ers%ecties( N(P( Har2erCollins P*$lishers Mimited5 /007

4lair Meonard( /he Sunda& 8leaner( !a /5 /01(

.ing&all !ichael( /he :ail& ;bserer. A2ril 15 /000( P(9

/he *erald. 1B/0L0DL0>( P(4

A22endi

+*estionnaire

1( @hat is o*r gender?a( !ale$( 3emale

/9


30/34

/( @hich o% the o2tions $elo& $est descri$es o*r age?a( 1B /0 rs($( /0B/> rs(c( />B 0 rs(

d( 0B> rs(e( 0 rs( and older

( To &hat ethnic gro*2 do o* $elong?a( A%rican descent$( Chinese descentc( )ndian descentd( !ied descent

( Ho& long ha,e o* $een a resident o% 3ello&shi2?a( 1B> rs(

$( >B10 rs(c( 10B/0 rs(d( /0rs and more

>( Ha,e o* e,er $een em2loed?a( Ges$( No )% es 2lease state &here

___________________________

( @h are o* *nem2loed?a( No a,aila$le =o$s near $

$( Ha,e a disa$ilitc( Ha,e $een laid o%d( S*


31/34

a( Mo&er o*r sel% esteem$( Ca*sed o* to %eel em$arrassedc( Ca*sed o* to %eel de2ressL distressd( Ca*sed o* to %eel restless

10( Ho& does a


32/34

$( Control high $irth ratec( )m2ro,ing in%rastr*ct*re in agric*lt*ral areasd( To*rism sho*ld $e market more ,igoro*sl

1( @hat can $e done to red*ce *nem2loment?

a( Create s2ecial ed*cation 2rograms %or disa$led indi,id*als

$( .oing o*r o&n ;shingc( "aising o*r o&n li,e stocksd( Qi,e loan to indi,id*al &ho &ants to go $ack to school to 2*rs*e career

17( @hat meas*res ma $e 2*t in 2lace to alle,iate *nem2loment?a( 4etter &orking conditions$( )ncrease &agesc( nco*rage st*dies in areas =o$s are a,aila$le

d( Place more em2hasis on career choices in school

/


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241531012 social studies sba

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