25

Class Aves: Feathers

26 27

BIRDS AND DINOSAURS

http://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/ph21.gif

ORIGIN OF FEATHERS: BIRDS

Archaeopteryx

Caudipteryx, China, late Jurassic / early Cretaceous

ORIGIN OF FEATHERS: DINOSAURS

2

Feathers

WHY?

52

Why?

Keratin

Beta-Keratin Alpha-Keratin

Beta-Keratin Alpha-Keratin

Keratin

Fig. 3-1 in Podulka et al. 2004

Pterylae

2223

Apteria

24Cassin’s Finch

20

21

Variation in Apteria Occurrence

1

Feather Structure

(Outer Vane, Inner Vane, Shaft)

Fig. 3-3 in Podulka et al. 2004

Feather Vane Symmetry

14

Vane Symmetry

Feather Vane Symmetry

Guam Rail

3Archaeopteryx (Jurassic Period)

Vane Symmetry

1

Shaft

Proctor and Lynch 1993, p. 83

Shaft: Calamus (Quill)

Proctor and Lynch 1993, p. 83

Shaft: Rachis

Vane Structure: Barbs

(Barb = a) Ramus, b) Barbules, c) Barbicels = Hooklet)

Fig. 4-1 in Gill 2007

Velcro

Preening

Feather Maintenance

Feather Types

http://askabiologist.asu.edu/research/bird_feathers/images/feather_types.jpgContour Feathers

Fig. 1-10 in Podulka et al. 2004

I) Contour Feathers

1

Contour Feather Adaptations

Contour Feathers: Flight

Fig. 3-7 in Podulka et al. 2004

Contour Feathers:Remiges, Rectrices

Regions of Contour Feather Vane

Pennaceous, Plumulaceous

Silent Owl Flight

Fig. 3-12 in Podulka et al. 2004

http://drawingthemotmot.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/img_5589.jpg

Silent Owl Flight

Contour Feathers: Breeding Plumage

9

Contour Feathers: Afterfeather

Contour Feather StructureShaftVaneSymmetric VaneAsymmetric VaneCalamusAftershaft = AfterfeatherRachisPennaceous VanePlumulaceous VaneBarbRamusDistal BarbulesProximal BarbulesBarbicels = Hooklets

1

29

30

II) Down Feathers

31

32

a) Natal Down Feathers

33 34

“Naked as a Jaybird”

38

39

40

b) Body Down Feathers

30

43

Natal Down, Body Down

3536

37

III) Semiplume Feathers

45

III) Semiplume Feathers

46

IV)

1

V) Powder Down Feathers

47

48

49

VI) Bristles50)

51)

Fig. 3-14 in Podulka et al. 2004

Feather Types:

ContourDown a) Natal Down b) Body DownSemiplumeFiloplumePowder DownBristles

Origin of Feathers?

“Evo Devo”: Evolution of Feathers Parallels Stages of Feather Development

Next: Feather Development

Fig. 3-25 in Podulka et al. 2004

1 http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/120142/2/ istockphoto_120142_eagle_s_feather.jpg

2 http://www.coincommunity.info/coin/0250/1912_obverse.gif

3 http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/Archaeopteryx0.jpg

4 http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/Archaeopteryx0.jpg

5 http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/penguin/images/ pic-feathers.jpg

6 http://www.polarcruises.com/Images/art_Penguins_emperor_and_chick.jpg

7 http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/554images/archaeopteryx_5.jpg

8 http://www.flyanglersonline.com/flytying/fotw2/hn4.jpg

9 http://www.interaktv.com/BIRDNET/featherwaftershftBd1898.GIF

10 http://i.pbase.com/u10/norman/upload/902851.eaglefeather.jpg

11 http://www.naturalsciences.org/education/treks/bonanza/images/Owl-feather.jpg

12 http://globalflyfisher.com/staff/luallen/new_anatomy.gif

13 http://www.sialis.org/images/tres_babies_size_difference.jpg

14 http://orn-lab.ekol.lu.se/birdmigration/standalone/flightlab/image/knotwing.jpg

15 http://www.mountvernon.org/images/store/MV_37MED.jpg

16 http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3203778.jpg?v=1&c=ViewImages&k =2&d=C037F202D99E3099AB0670069F64B336A55A1E4F32AD3138

17 http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/pix/sdwap/GoldenEagle.html

18 http://www.bigcountryaudubon.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/ JAE_Painted_Bunting_Closeup.jpg

19 http://www.polarcruises.com/Images/art_Penguins_emperor_and_chick.jpg

21 http://www.tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/ostrich_fam.jpg

20 http://www.polarcruises.com/Images/art_Penguins_emperor_and_chick.jpg

22 http://www.core77.com/reactor/images/04.05_combover.jpg

23 http://www.hik.hu/tankonyvtar/site/books/b10026/images/00034.jpg

24 http://farm1.static.flickr.com/55/166784720_f70028c519.jpg

25 http://www.saveamericasforests.org/Yasuni/Pics/Hoatzin-.jpg

26 http://pix.alaporte.net/pub/d/6720-1/Aqua+32+-+Scaly+Lizard.JPG

27 http://www.birdersworld.com/objects/images/brdpw050711(1).jpg

28 http://www.nikonsmallworld.com/images/gallery2005/fourbythree/ 4831_velcro-entry-1.jpg

29 http://www.bourkes-parakeet.nl/media/f-down

30 http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/images/nature_conservation/wildlife/ caring/birds_image_17.jpg

31 http://www.davidnorman.org.uk/MRG/Barn%20Owls%203%20Jul% 2004/BAROW%20chick%20(down)%20(357%20x%20600).jpg

32 http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/OwlGreatHornedDown01.jpg

33 http://www.tinywingsinneed.us/rescues/wildbirds/bluejays.jpg

34 http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/blue_jay.htm

35 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/888/75001018.JPG

36 http://www.bbc.co.uk/tyne/content/images/2006/10/19/24647_470x314.jpg

37 http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/avian_influenza/species/images/ COEI_JWasley.jpg

38 http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~jcondit/images/class_images/feathers/down_feather200.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~jcondit/current/feathers/feathers_main.htm&h=167&w=200&sz=3&hl=en&start=62&um=1&tbnid=-7T9FyzzU2d4NM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddown%2Bfeathers%26start%3D60%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:2006-17,GGLR:en%26sa%3DN

39 http://animal.discovery.com/guides/wild-birds/gallery/mallard_duck.jpg

40 http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/animals /images/primary/common-loon.jpg

41 http://www.nunatakusa.com/images/gear%20etc/SleepLight-220.jpg

42 http://img.trade.tootoo.com/photo/products-415758/Waterproof_Down_ Jacket.jpg

43 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Red-tailed _Hawk_Buteo_jamaicensis_Full_Body_1880px.jpg/543px-Red- tailed_Hawk_Buteo_jamaicensis_Full_Body_1880px.jpg

44 http://www.penguins.cl/penguin/gentoo-penguins.jpg

45 http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~jcondit/images/class_images/ feathers/semiplume_feather200.jpg

46 http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Birds/feather-filoplume.jpg

47 http://images.google.com/images?q=powder+down+feather&svnum= 10&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rls=GGLR,GGLR:2006-17,GGLR:en&start =20&sa=N&ndsp=20

48 http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/birds/great_blue_heron_6488c_tfk.jpg

49 http://www.birding.in/images/Birds/rock_pigeon.jpg

50 http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/images/ar9.jpg

51 http://www.carolinanature.com/pix/panama/piedpuffbird8161.jpg

52 http://water.usgs.gov/nwsum/WSP2425/images/fig33.jpeg

53 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/857/45057960.JPG

54 http://www.houstonzoo.org/attachments/wysiwyg/3/rhinohorns.jpg

55 http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/images/nflicker7.jpg

56 http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/images/nflicker6.jpg

57 http://farm1.static.flickr.com/68/173474511_82060b496b.jpg

58 http://abstractsofnature.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/birds/ smew-preening.jpg

59 http://www.geocities.com/lastfarm/actias_luna.jpg