25061 e measuring mixer

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Measuring Mixersfor Material Research

and Quality Control

.. . where quality is measured.


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Software

The user-optimized Windows

software provides for evaluation of

the measured data in compliancewith the latest standards. On-linediagrams give a quick survey of themeasured data and evaluationresults already during the measure-ment. Use the advantages of theWindows environment and savetime with real multitasking - run ameasurement, display stored data,and write texts, all at a time. Theversatile data correlation programmakes it easy to directly comparethe results of different tests of oneor several test series. Mean valuesand standard deviations are calcu-lated automatically and shown dig-itally and graphically. Define anymeasured curves as reference curvesand easily check whether your sam-ple material meets certain demandsor not. The special correlation pro-gram with parameter variationshows the influence of individualparameters like temperature, mixerspeed, additives, etc. on the behav-iour of your sample material.

Plasticizer absorption of PVCdry blends

Liquid absorption of powders

Semi-automatic universalevaluation

Mixer tests with temperature andspeed programming

Degree of property breakdown

and other.

FUSION TIME STABILITY TIME

SOLID ZONE MELT ZONETRANSITION ZONE

TORQUE/VISCOSITY

TORQUE/VISCOSITY

STOCK TEMPERATURE

TIME

MIXER SET

TEMPERATURE

LENGTH OF BARREL

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Comparison of a Plastogram

to the processing behavior ofthe material in an extruder

Application

With Brabender measuringmixers, you can simulate on a

laboratory scale all processes likecompounding, mixing, masticating,etc. that are relevant for productionand processing of polymers andother plastic and plastifiable mate-rials. Or use them for producingyour sample material or for reactiveprocessing.

Brabender measuring mixerstest the processibility of thermo-plastics, thermosets, elastomers,ceramic molding materials,pigments, and many other plastic

and plastifiable substances.Blade geometries

Select the optimum blade geometryfor your special application from alarge program of different blades.These comprise Banbury, cam, androller blades which have provensuccessful in industrial applicationfor many decades, but also speciallyoptimized blade geometries for cer-tain measuring tasks as e.g. deltablades for thermosetting materials.

Fusion behavior of PVC

Heat and shear stability ofpolymers

Flow and cure behavior ofcrosslinking polymers acc. toDIN 53 764

Automatic evaluation of the blackincorporation time (BIT) withselectable zero point

Flow and cure behavior ofelastomers

Measuring Mixers

Principle

The measuring principle is based onmaking visible the resistance the

sample material opposes to the ro-tating blades. The correspondingtorque moves a dynamometer outof its zero position.

In compliance with the existingstandards and test specifications, atypical Plastogram (torque andstock temperature vs. time) isrecorded for each sample material.

This diagram shows the relation-ship between torque (viscosity) andtemperature/time in considerationof structural changes of the mate-

rial.

The measured data are displayednumerically as a table and/orgraphically as a diagram during themeasurement on the monitor andcan be printed and stored.

C.W. Brabender said

It is only testing, measuring, andrecording as a function of timewhich efficiently helps to riseproduction quality; only this way,

certain processes can be recognizedwhich cannot be grasped withstatic measurements.

Features

Brabender measuring mixersstand out for many favorableprocessing features:

Easy handling and cleaningthrough bipartite (withliquid heating/cooling) ortripartite (with electricheating) mixer bowl

Precise and constant heat-ing / cooling of the mixerswith electric heatingthrough three separate, in-dependent heating zones

Operating temperatures of

up to 500C with electricheating

Easy cleaning and manifoldapplications throughquickly detachable and partially interchangeablemixer blades

Large program of addi-tional equipment like e.g.loading chutes, blade ex-tractors, sealing covers fortests under inert gas or forgas flow measurements,

auto-matic precision dos-ing pumps for addingliquids, etc.

Blade type Applicational examples Available for type

Banbury (B) caoutchouc, elastomers 50 and 350

Delta (MB) thermosets 15, 30 and 50

Cam (N) caoutchouc, elastomers 50 and 350

Sigma (S) flour, PVC dry blends 50 and 350

Roller (W) thermoplastics 15, 30, 50 and 350

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Mixer type 30 / 50 & type 30 EHT / 50 EHT

The series type 30 / type 50 andtype 30 EHT / 50 EHT measuringmixers can be equipped with differ-ent blades. Within a series, the freemixer volume varies depending onthe blades mounted. Due toliquid temperature conditioning,these measuring heads stand outfor particularly precise and uniformheating/cooling.

Mixers with the extension EHT(electric, high temperature) distin-

guish by their electric temperatureconditioning in three control zoneswith compressed air cooling. Ascompared to liquid heated mixers,this extends the operating range toa maximum temperature of 500 C.

Mixer W 30 / W 30 EHT

Application thermoplastics

Volume of mixer bowl approx. [cm3] 30

Sample weight* [g] 25 - 40

Heating/cooling liquid, el. heating /air

Torque max. [Nm] 200

Speed ratio driven : idle blade 2 : 3

Operating temperature max. [C] 250 / 500

Dimensions WxHxD [mm] 700x200x430 / 500x200x430

Net weight approx. [kg] 13 / 17

*depending on the specific weight and bulk density of the sample material

These measuring heads are per-fectly suited for materials like PAEKand PEEK with melting tempera-tures of more than 300 C.

This makes these mixer types par-ticularly interesting for researchand development applications withsteadily changing test materials.

The EHT version is available for theseries 30 and 50 mixers.

The rotor speed ratio of 2 : 3

(driven to non driven) results in ahigh torque resolution which allowsa better differentiation, especiallywhen testing low viscositypolymers.

Mixer W 50 / W 50 EHT

Application thermoplastics










... where quality is measured.3

Plastograph EC plus

with measuring mixer type 50 EHT


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Mixer type MB 30

MB 30 DIN 53 764 Flow andcure behavior of thermosets

The mixer has delta-shaped rotorsand is used for thermosettingmaterials.

It was developed and designed byBrabender together with agroup of renowned producers and

complies with the German standardDIN 53 764.

It is made of a special, hardenedsteel to prevent abrasion. For anaccurate temperature control, theMB 30 mixer is heated with liquid.

N 50 ASTM D 3185 General evaluation method for SBR + Oil ASTM D 3186 General evaluation method for SBR + Carbon Black ASTM D 3187 General evaluation method for NBR ASTM D 3188 General evaluation method for IIR ASTM D 3189 General evaluation method for Solution BR ASTM D 3190 General evaluation method for CR ASTM D 3191 General evaluation method for Carbon Black in SBR ASTM D 3192 General evaluation method for Carbon Black in NR ASTM D 3403 General evaluation method for IR ASTM D 3484 General evaluation method for Oil extended Solution BR ASTM D 3848 General evaluation method for NBR + Carbon Black ASTM D 3568 General evaluation method for EPDM + Oil

Mixer N 50 / N 50 EHT & B 50 / B 50 EHT

The Brabender N 50 / N 50 EHTmixer with its cam blades and theB 50 / B 50 EHT with its banburyblades are the standard mixers fortesting natural and synthetic elas-tomers with regard to flow andcure behavior, mastication, com-pounding with additives such ascarbon black, silicic acid, etc., break-down index, and black incorpora-tion time BIT.

Furthermore, the flow behavior ofelectrode masses and ceramicmolding materials can be deter-mined as a function of temperatureand shear, and absorption tests canbe run on materials like iron oxidepowder, carbon black, pigments,and similar materials with particlesizes in the m range.

N 50 / N 50 EHT

Application caoutchouc










B 50 / B 50 EHT

Application caoutchouc





Speed ratio driven : idle blade 1 : 1,11





Measuring Mixers

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Mixer type W 50 / W 50 EHT

The W 50 and W 50 EHT with itsroller blades is the allrounderamong the mixers. It is used forall thermoplastics. The specialshape of the rotors, developed by

Brabender more than 50 yearsago, as well as the tight clearancebetween rotors and mixing cham-ber guarantee an intensive, highshear mixing.

W 30 / W 30 EHT ASTM D 3795 Thermal flow and cure properties

of thermosetting plastics

W 50 / W 50 EHT ASTM D 2538 Fusion test of PVC resins


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Mixer type 350 / 350 E

Mixer heads of the 350 series areavailable with liquid heating/cool-ing and with electric heating andair cooling. Due to the large mixervolumes of 370 to 440 cm3, thesemixer heads are frequently used forproducing sample compounds forsubsequent tests. The material caneasily be taken out and rolled outto sheets or pressed to plates.

Control and document the entirecompounding process from yourcomputer. Or implement and profitfrom an optional step-control ofeach individual mixing step.

Of course, these mixers can also beapplied for material testing (e.g. ofrubber compounds).

Step-controlled Measuring Mixer

The series 50 and 350 measuringmixers can be equipped with a tep-control which offers special advan-tages for recipe development.

Define a sequencer control with upto 20 mixing steps from your com-puter keyboard. The individual mix-ing steps can be switched as afunction of registered units like

Time / Stock / Temperature

energy input in AND/OR func-tions. Additionally, several op-tional sensors e.g. for measuringthe electric conductivity of thesample material can be con-nected.

This makes step-controlled mixersthe optimum tools for the pro-duction of elastomer compounds.

W/N/B/S 350

W/N/B/S 350 EApplication various

Volume of mixer bowl approx. [cm3] 370 - 440



Torque max. [Nm] 400 / 150 (S)

Speed ratio driven : idle blade 3 : 2 / 1 : 1,11 (B)





MB 30

Application thermosets



Heating/cooling liquid



Operating temperature max. [C] 200

Dimensions WxHxD [mm] 700x200x430

Net weight approx. [kg] 13


... where quality is measured.5

Plasti-Corder Lab-Station

with measuring mixer type 350 E


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Planetary Mixer P 600

The Brabender planetarymixer P 600 is used for testingthe properties of powders like e.g.the liquid absorption and the pla-sticizer absorption rate of PVCpowders in compliance with inter-

national standards or the pourabi-lity of PVC dry blends, further forpreparing PVC pastes for tests in

compliance with DIN 54 800 andfor testing PVC pastes in compli-ance with ISO 4612.

A special rotor runs in a planetarymotion in the mixer bowl.A revolving scraper prevents thesample material from sticking tothe mixer wall.

Planetary Mixer P 600 DIN 54 800 Preparation of PVC pastes DIN 54 802 Determination of the plasticizer absorption of

vinyl chloride (VC) polymer compounds DIN EN/ISO 4612 Preparation of a paste from PVC paste resins

Measuring Mixers

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Special Mixer type 350 S

part of this mixer. Just tilt the upperand lower halves open for remov-ing the material and use it for sub-sequent tests.

Extensive software packages areavailable for material tests like e.g.the determination of the black in-corporation time (BIT).

Mixer P 600 W/N/B/S 350 S

Application powders various

Volume of mixer bowl approx. [cm3] 2500 370 - 440

Sample weight* [g] variable acc.to DIN/ISO

250 - 500

Heating/cooling liquid liquid

Torque max. [Nm] 5 400 / 150 (S)

Speed ratio driven : idle blade - 3 : 2 / 1 : 1,11 (B)

Operating temperature max. [C] 150 250

Dimensions WxHxD [mm] 300x420x550 450x410x200

Net weight approx. [kg] 11 90


The special mixer type 350 S ismainly used in the rubber andcaoutchouc industry for mixing andcompounding tasks or for materialtesting. The large free mixer volumeof 370 to 440 cm3 has proven fa-vorable for proportioning of therecipe components. Taking out ofthe mixing good is facilitated by thehorizontal division of the middle


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... where quality is measured.

others, the extreme values in thetorque curve (as a measure for vis-cosity), fusion time, gelation speed,and the mechanical energy input.

These material characteristics arevaluable data for incoming andfinal inspection or for the configu-ration of production processes.

Use this evaluation method fortesting the fusion behavior ofthermoplastic polymers. Measurematerial-specific Plastograms

which also permit to draw conclu-sions as to the history of the material.

The WINMix software analyzesthe curve and determines, among

Examples for mixer applications and evaluations: WINMix software

WINMix for Windows 95, 98 and NT

Thermoplastics: PVC, PE, PP...

is of decisive importance for theproduction process.

Use this evalution method within atest series for determining (amongothers) beginning of decompositionfusion time decomposition timeand optimize your material reliablyand reproducibly.

During processing of thermoplasticpolymers, stability against thermo-mechanical-oxidative stress playsan important role.

It determines, among others, themaximum residence time within theproduction machine. Therefore, con-ditioning of polymers with stabilizers

Thermoplastics: PVC, PE, PP...

is added, the torque decrease bysaturation.

From the dosing rate, sampleweight, and the dosing time, theliquid absorption is determined foreach point of the diagram.

Like with all other evaluation meth-

ods, the mechanical energy input iscalculated as well.

For this test method, the powderymaterial is premixed one minute ina planetary mixer, sigma, or cammixer. After this premixing time, thesoftware starts a dosing pumpwhich feeds the liquid at a constantand selectable dosing rate into themixer. The diagram shows the

torque increase up to the absorp-tion maximum and, if further liquid

PVC, flour, silicic acid ...

material control and developmentof plastisols and plastigels.

Apart from that, the final torque isa measure for the material viscosity- an important characteristic for op-timizing the actuating variables of

a production line.

The plasticizer absorption of e.g.PVC dry blends can be character-ized on the basis of the torquemaximum, dry point, and theplasticizer input up to the dry point.These values are calculated auto-matically during the analysis ofthe diagram and can be used for

PVC dry blends, Plastigels ...

Fusion behavior

Heat and shear stability

Liquid absorption

Plasticizer absorption

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Measuring Mixers

and record the properties and influ-ence of different additives andfillers onto existing recipes, checkuniformity of production, classifythermosetting molding materialswith regard to their flow and curebehavior for different productionmethods.

The most important values of thisevaluation are the torque minimum,which describes the melt viscosity,the melting time, curing time, andreaction time.

With this test, you can monitor thedevelopment and production ofthermosetting materials, measure

Thermosets: EP, MUF, PF...

evaluate the curing speed in eachpoint of the rising curve, and plotthe results as a separate curve. Themechanical energy input is calcu-lated by integration of the areabelow the torque curve.

The application range of this testmethod corresponds to that of thethermoset evaluation.

The diagram shows the loadingpeak, the flow behavior of theblend in the torque minimum, andthe increase of the curve up to thetorque maximum which is due tovulcanization.

Profit from the possibilities of thecorrelation program - determine thefirst derivative of the torque curve,

Elastomers: NBR, SBR, IR...

On the basis of the black incorpora-tion time, the operating parametersof a compounder can be optimizedand a constant high product qualitybe ensured.

The program automatically deter-mines the BIT during evaluation of

the measured data. Apart from that,other parameters like the mechani-cal energy input are calculated.

The mechanical properties ofelastomer compounds are deci-sively determined by the activity ofincorporated fillers, e.g. carbonblack.

For determining the time up to fullincorporation and activation of the

carbon black particles within thecaoutchouc matrix, the black incor-poration time (BIT) is determined.

Carbon black: HAF, GPF, XCF...

values as well as the mechanicalenergy input from the beginning ofthe test and from the previous eval-uation point up to this point.

The universal evaluation is the basictool for evaluating a Plastogram

and belongs to the standard equip-ment of each Lab-Station.

Call this evaluation program anddefine up to 20 evaluation pointsof the Plastogram that makesense to you for calculation -torque minima and maxima, torquechanges due to additive addition,or any other significant points inthe diagram.

The evaluation of these points willgive you the torque and temperature

Ceramics, polymers...

Flow and cure behavior in compliance with DIN 53 764

Flow and cure behavior of elastomers

Black Incorporation Time (BIT)

Universal evaluation

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... where quality is measured.

additive allows to plot conductivityas a function of the additive con-centration (percolation curve).

This correlation enables the deter-mination of the critical concentra-tion which first creates a continuouscurrent flow through the additiveparticles. This evaluation is done inaddition to the usual Plastogram

evaluation.

Brabender measuring mixers canbe equipped with optional sensors.One example is the application of aconductivity sensor for monitoringthe compounding process anddetermining the conductivity as amaterial characteristic with electri-cally conductive polymers. Runningthese measurements with differentconcentrations of the conductive

Polymers with: Carbon black, C-fibers ...

thermal stresses. In case of reactiveprocesses with gas developmentrunning during the mixing process,you can record a gas flow curvewhich enables statements aboutmaterial conversion and reactionkinetics.

Another example for optionalsensors is the application of a gasflow detector in a gas-tight measur-ing mixer. This detector permits toinvestigate e.g. the effect ofphysical and chemical foamingagents in various concentrationsand at different mechanical and

Polymers: Reactive processes, foaming agents...

selectable reference temperature.Represent and evaluate all struc-tural changes without consideringthe influence of dissipation heatand increase the precision of yourresults especially in case of reactiveprocesses.

All Plastograms can be addition-ally evaluated e.g. for the calculationof iso-thermal torque curves.

By means of physical temperatureshift functions, the nonisothermaltorque curve measured is convertedinto an isothermal curve at a


This evaluation is a valuable tool inparticular for material developmentwhich completes the usualPlastogram evaluation.

Use this program e.g. for preciselydetermining the beginning of vul-

canization with rubber compoundsor the beginning of a decompositionprocess.

One example for the applicationof isothermal torque curves is thedetermination of the degree ofproperty breakdown (DPB).

The DPB curve mirrors the struc-tural build-up and degradation

processes during the mixingprocess which result from thermo-mechanical stress and/or the effectof reactive components.


Conductivity measurement

Measurement of gas flow

Determination of isothermal torque curves

Determination of the degree of property breakdown

MIXCor32 for Windows 95, 98 and NT

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Measuring Mixers

25061-E/BrabenderC/Messkn

eter/09/2010

With such reference curves, youhave the ideal tool on hand for in-coming and final inspections aswell as for quality control parallelto production.

Furthermore, the correlation en-ables a statistical comparison ofthe evaluation points. For eachevaluation point, you get a sepa-rate table of the measuring values

recorded within the test series.These tables also include the meanvalues and standard deviations foreach measuring value.

Depending on the selected evalua-tion method, this statistical correla-tion may comprise up to 20different evaluation tables. A sum-mary table allows you to get aquick survey of the results. Here, allmeasuring values are representedtogether with the mean values andstandard deviations within a single

table.Of course, you can get a graphicalrepresentation of this statisticalevaluation of your test data. Asimple keystroke represents thepercentages of deviation from themean value as bars and enablesquick assessment of a test series.

A snap shot function is standardfor all graphics in the MIXCor32software. With this function, youcan easily import your diagramsfrom the Windows clipboard into

other applications.

The WINMix software saves all testdata in MS Access databases. Thisenables editing of stored data withcommercial Office programs andeasy importing of the data intoyour own reports.

Frequently, however, expressiveresults can only be obtained bycomparing the individual tests of atest series with each other. For this

purpose, the correlation programMIXCor32 was created.

Profit from the power of graphicsand get a quick survey over a testseries by correlating all tests withina single diagram. Zoom interestingareas of the diagram and switchover between different views witha single keystroke. Set a linear orlogarithmic scaling according toyour needs. With a simple key-stroke, you get statistical calcula-tions like

Mean values

Standard deviation

Minimum and maximum values

of all measuring values which canbe plotted in clear color diagrams.

Get even more information fromthese statistical calculations by cre-ating a reference curve. In a firststep, this reference curve is repre-sented by the mean value curveand the envelope curve of thestored tests. In a second step, you

can edit this reference curve ac-cording to your specific needs.By comparing this reference curvewith a measured Plastogram,you can easily recognize whetheryour sample material meets certaincriteria or not.

Correlation program MIXCor32

Conductivity measurement

Measurement of gas flow

Determination of isothermal torque curves

Brabender GmbH & Co. KG

Kulturstr. 51-55 47055 Duisburg GermanyTel.: +49 203 7788-0 Fax: +49 203 7788-102E-Mail: [email protected]

Brabender agencies all over the world 2010 Brabender GmbH & Co. KG

All trademarks are registered.Subject to change of design and technicalmodification without notice.

25061 e measuring mixer

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