26.1 – going to war in vietnam french indochina – french colonial area including vietnam, laos,...

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26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist movement • Presented a petition of independence at the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference; it was ignored Ho Chi Minh

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Page 1: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM

• French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

• Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist movement• Presented a petition of

independence at the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference; it was ignored

Ho Chi Minh

Page 2: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist
Page 3: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist
Page 4: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM

• 1930s – HCM founded the Indochinese Communist Party• Worked to overthrow

French rule

• 1940s:- HCM organized the

Vietminh to expel the Japanese

- French returned to claim control after WWII; fought the Vietminh

- U.S. (Truman) decided to aid French forces against the Vietminh (why?)

Page 5: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – DIEN BIEN PHU

• Vietminh used guerilla tactics to frustrate the French

• 1954 – VM forces surrounded the French at DBP and eventually the French were forced to withdraw from Indochina

Page 6: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – GENEVA ACCORDS

• The agreement to end the conflict: • Divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel

• North Vietnam – controlled by Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh

• South Vietnam – pro-Western regime (led by Ngo Dinh Diem; allied with the U.S.)

• 1956 – election to be held to reunite the country; Diem refused to allow them to take place

Ngo Dinh Diem

Page 7: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – AMERICA GETS MORE INVOLVED

• Ho Chi Minh reacted by starting an armed struggle to reunited the country• he created the Vietcong

(guerrilla army of South Vietnamese communists)

• Ike sent hundreds of U.S. military advisers to train South Vietnam’s army

• Diem continued to look to the U.S. for more aid

Page 8: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – JFK TAKES OVER

• JFK continued Truman/Ike’s policy of supporting South Vietnam• He increased the # of

American military personnel in South Vietnam by almost 15,000

• He also urged Diem to: a. create a more democratic gov’t in the South b. Help the peasants c. Use strategic hamlets (failure)

Page 9: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – OVERTHROW OF DIEM

• Diem discriminated against Buddhists; further increased his unpopularity

• Nov. 1, 1963 – a coup overthrew and executed Diem• Actually made things

worse; chaotic situation• U.S. became more

involved in an effort to prop up the South Vietnamese gov’t

Page 10: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – LBJ & VIETNAM

• Initially wanted a “limited” war to prevent the spread of communism

• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution• LBJ announced that the N.

Vietnamese attacked U.S. ships (Aug. 1964)

• Aug. 7 – Congress passed the resolution, which gave LBJ the authority to “take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression”• LBJ basically had war powers

Page 11: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – LBJ & VIETNAM

• Reacting to increased attacks by the VC, LBJ authorized the bombing of N. Vietnam (1965)

• March 1965 • LBJ launches

Operation Rolling Thunder against North Vietnam• LBJ sends in the first

combat troops into South Vietnam

Page 12: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – WAR BECOMES A STALEMATE

• By the end of 1966 there were almost 400,000 American troops in Vietnam

• VC fought back with ambushes, booby traps, mixed in with the locals, used tunnels….guerrilla tactics

• U.S. countered with “search and destroy” missions, napalm, Agent Orange

Page 13: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist
Page 14: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist
Page 15: 26.1 – GOING TO WAR IN VIETNAM French Indochina – French colonial area including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Ho Chi Minh – leader of the Vietnamese nationalist

26.1 – HO CHI MINH TRAIL

• N. Vietnam sent supplies and troops to the VC in the South by way of the Ho Chi Minh Trail

• Wound through Laos and Cambodia• LBJ did not attack the trail or North

Vietnam(why not?)

• Failed war of attrition as a result?

• By the end of 1966 more than 6,700 Americans were dead and citizens seriously questioned the war